Longerich Peter. Heinrich Himmler: A Life
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newspapers and periodicals
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Berliner Bo
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Biuletyn Glo
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Bla
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Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitun g
Die Deutsche Polizei
Deutsche Zeitung in Kroatien
Donauzeitung
Frankfurter Zeitung
Germanien
Il Giornale del Mattino
Kurier von Niederbayern
Langquaider Zeitung
Ministerialblatt des Reichs- und Preußischen Ministeriums des Innern
Mu
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Neue Zu
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New York Times
Nordwestdeutsche Hefte
NS-Kurier (Stuttgart)
Preußische Gesetzsammlung
Reichsgesetzblatt
990 bibliography
Das Schwarze Korps
SS-Leitheft
Su
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ddeutsche Zeitung
Volk und Rasse
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Westdeutscher Beobachter
unpublished theses and manuscripts
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(manuscript).
bibliography 991
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Index
Bold entries refer to illustrations.
Abetz, Otto 542
abortion:
Himmler’s estimates of numbers
of 231–2
Himmler’s hostility towards 231
preventive repression 203
Abwehr, relations with Gestapo 189–90
Adenauer, Konrad 698
Ahnenerbe (Ancestral Heritage) 260,
266, 271, 275–9
acquisitions and confiscations 277
assessment of 278– 9
Cosmic Ice Theory 277, 279–80
expansion of 276–7
gypsies 670
ideological indoctrination of
SS members 276
incoherence of 278
investigates speed of German
achievements 425
involvement in universities 278
journalism 277
Tibet 281, 282
wartime activities 278
Ahrens, Georg Friedrich 158
air-raid damage 620
impact on criminal police 635
alcohol abuse, among SS leaders
321–4
Allach porcelain factory 260–1
Alquen, Gunter d’ 702, 703
Alsace 497–8
Germanization 498
settlement policy 588, 589–91
Waffen-SS recruitment in 504
Altgayer, Branimir 611
Alvensleben, Ludolf von 325
–
6, 336,
349, 430–1
Amann,
Max 82, 90
American
Jewish Joint Distribution
Committee 709
American War Refugee Board 709
Andersch, Alfred 11–12, 61
Angerer, Major 54
anti-Semitism, and Himmler 262
as agricultural student 33
anti-Jewish polemic (1935) 215–16
danger of exclusion from
decision-making 217
data collection 91–2
depicts Jews as subhuman 198
as deputy Nazi Propaganda Chief 93
development of 59–60, 78–9
Jewish-Bolshevik threat 262
Jewish membership of duelling
fraternities 33–4
as Nazi agitator in Lower
Bavaria 84, 85
paucity of pre-1938 statements on 215
reading 42, 59, 78–9
see also final solution; Jews
Antonescu, Ion 502, 506
Anton Loibl (company) 260
archaeological projects of SS 276, 283
Arco auf Valley, Anton Graf von 32
Arent, Benno von 533
armaments production, SS involvement
in 632
–4, 684–5
rocket
programme 687–9
Arnulf,
Princess 15, 54
Arnulf of Wittelsbach, Prince 13, 15
Artamanen movement 101–
2
asocials:
criminal police’s operation against
(‘Work-shy Reich’) 228– 9
extermination through work 624, 637
see also gypsies
astrology, Himmler’s interest in
77–8, 280
Atlantis 281
Attolico, Bernardo 419
Auschwitz concentration camp:
dismantling of gas chambers 707
establishment of 480, 481
evacuation of 710–11
murder of those incapable of work 572
production facilities in 482, 633
IG Farben 480, 557–8
use of gas 548–9
construction of gas chambers 563
Himmler witnesses
demonstration 573
Zyklon B experiments 549
Austria:
abortive Nazi putsch in (1934) 177–9
Anschluss 402–4
Gestapo established in 404
persecution of Jews 406–7
settlement policy 414
Babi Yar 533, 536
Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem 322, 325,
438, 522
combating partisans 628
physical and mental breakdown 332–3
Soviet Union:
deployment in 530 –1
mass murder of Jews
526, 533–4
Backe,
Herbert 415
Baden,
Himmler takes control of political
police 159
Balbo, Italo 396
Baltic states, evacuation of concentration
camps 710
Basch, Franz 503, 614, 673
Bauer, Friedrich Franz 260
Bauer, Fritz 377
Bavaria:
crisis in relations with Reich 60–1
Epp appointed Minister of the
Interior 148
Himmler takes control of political
police 150–1
Hitler putsch (1923) 69
Kahr appointed emergency
dictator 66–7
political crisis (1923) 66–9
political divisions 61
post-First World War political
unrest 27
radical right in 61
secret rearmament 63
soviet republic proclaimed 27
Bavarian People’s Party (BVP) 61
Himmler’s action against 155
Himmler’s support for 26, 27–8
Becher, Kurt 708 –9
Beck, Ludwig 182
Becker, Herbert 368
Beger, Bruno 282
Behrends, Hermann 167, 187, 212,
319, 366
ambition of 327 –8
as head of VoMi
390, 391
Belev,
Alexander 663–4
Belgium:
deportation
of Jews 571, 620, 668
Himmler’s influence over military
administration 496
invasion of 492
military administration appointed by
Hitler 496
repression by SS 631
counter-terror 657
reprisals for acts of resistance 544
Waffen-SS recruitment in 607–8
national legion 603
Below, Nikolaus von 432
Belzec extermination camp 547, 561
construction of 547, 548
extension of 562 , 572
Bender, Horst 486
Berchtold, Joseph 110, 112–13
Bergen, Diego von 397
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp 725
evacuation of 728, 730
Jewish hostages 708
liberation of 728
production facilities in 633
Berger, Gottlob 307, 346, 585, 653, 702
994 index
Belgium 607
Selbstschutz, creation of 429
Slovakia 705
Volkssturm (home guard) 712–13
Waffen-SS, recruitment of non-
Germans 499–500, 501, 503, 604,
673, 678
Berkelmann, Theodor 588
Bernadotte, Folke 724–5, 726–7,
728–9, 734
Best, Sigismund Payne 473
Best, Werner 159, 187, 190 , 207, 469,
654, 657
attempt to deport Danish Jews 693
background of 319
head of administrative department in
Gestapa 195
search for compromising material on
SA 172
state protection corps 204–5
Bingel, Rudolf 259
Birn, Ruth Bettina 306
Blank, Herbert 225, 246
Blaskowitz, Johannes 433, 461
Blomberg, Werner von 182,
190, 398
Blu
¨
her, Hans 52, 234–5
Bocchini, Arturo 395, 459
Bock,
Fedor
von 433, 538
Boden, Margarete, see Himmler,
Margarete
Bohemia and Moravia, see Protectorate of
Bohemia and Moravia
Bohle, Ernst Wilhelm 388, 393
Bolanden, Conrad von 45
Boltz, Wilhelm 158
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich 698
Bormann, Martin 432, 519
anti-Jewish actions 216
Christian persecution 221
Poland, supports Himmler in 439
total war 684, 700
Volkssturm (home guard) 712, 713
Bose, Herbert von 173
Bouhler, Philipp 89, 453, 509
Bousquet, Rene
´
631, 648, 652, 693
Brack, Viktor 509, 512, 520 , 548
Bradfisch, Otto 534
Brandt, Karl 449–50
Brandt, Rudolf 257, 280, 344, 522,
681–2, 727, 735
Brauchitsch, Walther von 399, 433,
461, 462
Braun,
Wernher
von 688–9
Brehm, Friedrich 498
Bremen, Himmler takes control of
political police 160
Bru
¨
ning, Heinrich 126, 139
Brunner, Alois 692, 693
Brunswick, Himmler takes control of
political police 160
Buchenwald concentration camp 242,
324, 728, 730
Bu
¨
hler, Josef 556–7
Bulgaria, Jews in 619
deportation of 625, 663–4
Bund Deutscher Osten (BDO, League
of the German East) 388, 390
Bu
¨
rckel, Josef 407 , 497, 498, 588–9, 590
Bu
¨
rger, Karl-Heinz 322, 325
Bu
¨
rger, Marianne 325
business:
Friends of the R
eichsfu
¨
hrer-SS 258–60
involvement in concentration camp
system 480, 557 –8, 686–7
Bu
¨
tefisch, Heinrich 259
Caesar, Joachim 314, 416
Canaris,
Wilhelm 433
agreement
with Heydrich 189–90
becomes head of military
intelligence 189
murder of 698
relations with Gestapo 189, 190
Catholic church:
Mit brennender Sorge (‘With Burning
Anxiety’) 223
persecution of 197, 221
criminal trials 221–2
see also Christianity/Christian
church
Centre Party 66, 698
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart 59
Chelmno extermination camp 548, 567
Christianity/Christian church:
Himmler:
centrality of conflict with 265–6
de-Christianization 265
index 995
Christianity/Christian church (cont.)
hostility of 218, 220, 262–3
Jehovah’s Witnesses 267
public image of denominational
neutrality 218–20
‘Special Witch Project’ 224–5
Nazi persecution of 221, 223–4
Catholic church 197, 221–2, 223–4
criminal trials 221 –2
Jehovah’s Witnesses 224
Protestant Church 222–3
see also Catholic church
Churchill, Winston 720, 726
Clauberg, Carl 520
Clausen, Fritz 606
Communist Party (KPD) 66
arrest of leaders of 150
Gestapo action against 192–3, 194–5
communist threat:
elimination of 213
Gestapo action against 192–3, 194–5,
202, 698
Himmler’s memorandum on
(1935) 193–4
Himmler’s use of 193
preventive repression 203
comradeship, as virtue of SS 308
Concentration Camp Inspectorate
(IKL) 480
concentration camps:
badges
for
prisoner categories 243
centralization and unification of
system 183
conditions in:
Himmler on 245
Himmler’s defence of terror regime
in 244–5
wartime deterioration 481–2
defended by Himmler 727
design of 242
development of ‘Dachau model’ 153–4
Eicke given responsibility for 174–5
end of killing ordered by Himmler
724
establishment of, Himmler’s control
over 479–80
evacuation of 710–11, 730–1
extermination through work 557–61,
573, 624
failure to hand over to Allies 730–1
forced labour 243–4, 482, 557–61, 621
hiring out to armaments factories
686–7
inspections by Himmler 175,
246, 481
investigations into mistreatment in 191
organization of 242–3
prisoner categories 482
political prisoners and asocials 637–8
pre-war expansion of 241–7
prisoner numbers doubled to meet
labour needs 687
production facilities in 229,
243–4, 482–3
f
ai
lure of armaments projects 632–4,
684–5
IG Farben 480
shooting of prisoners 244–5
SS businesses in 260–1, 482–3
tours organized by Himmler 246–7
treatment of prisoners 244
wartime expansion 479, 480–1
see also extermination camps
Confessing Church 222
conscription 180, 229
Consul Organization 62–3
Conti, Leonardo 681
Coordination Centre for Ethnic Germans
(VoMi) 389–90
Himmler’s indirect influence
over 389–91
Lorenz appointed head of 389–90
Poland 391
relations with German organizations
abroad 391
resettlement of South Tyroleans 419
Sudetenland 391
survey of ethnic Germans in occupied
Soviet Union 527
Yugoslavia 577
Corazza, Heinz 281
Cosmic Ice Theory 277, 279–80
Creutz, Rudolf 595
criminal police, see Kripo
Croatia:
deportation of Jews 618
, 668, 692
Italy
interns
Jews 625
Waffen-SS recruitment in 610, 612,
613, 674, 675
996 index
effects of 615
Cuno, Wilhelm 66
Czechoslovakia:
ethnic policy in 457–8
occupation of Prague 412–13
SD (Security Service) 387–8
see also Protectorate of Bohemia and
Moravia
Dachau concentration camp 261, 482,
483, 674, 698, 730, 731
development of regime in 153
Disciplinary and Punishment
Code 153–4
Eicke appointed commandant 152, 153
establishment of 151
herb gardens 483
investigation into deaths abandoned
154–5
model for future concentration
camps 149
pre-war extension of 242
SS assume responsibility for 151
Dahm, Felix 44
Daluege, Kurt 164 , 201, 207, 295, 405,
496, 538
background of 133–4
duties as chief of order police 240
Marseilles punishment operation 650
Soviet Union 522 , 525
takes command of Prussian police 162
Dannecker, Theodor 217, 663–4, 691
Danzig, SS actions in 425–6
Darnand,
Joseph
652–3, 693
Darre
´
, Richard
Walther 102, 224, 257,
356, 740
Ahnenerbe (Ancestral Heritage) 275
appointed head of Racial Office 127
concerns over SS 415–16
distrust of Himmler 415
as Nazi ideologist 127–8
resignation from Race and Settlement
Main Office 416–17
settlement policy 413
conflict with Himmler over 434–6
debt, among SS leaders 324–7
decency, as virtue of SS 308–11
de Gaulle, Charles 729
Degrelle, Le
´
on 607–8
Denmark:
attempt to deport Jews 693
Himmler fails to acquire influence
in 492
repression by SS 654–5
counter-terror 657, 705
Waffen-SS recruitment in 500–1, 606
national legion 603
denunciations, public cooperation with
Gestapo 210
Deutsch, Heinz (Himmler’s
pseudonym) 71
Deutsche Auslands-Institut (German
Foreign Institute) 388
Deutsche Ostmarkenverein 388
Deutsche Schutzbund (German
Protection League)
388
dictatorship,
police
role in 202
Diebitsch, Karl 260
Diels, Rudolf 164, 172
appointed head of Gestapa 162
becomes head of Gestapo 166
breach with Go
¨
ring 165–6
compromising material gathered by
Himmler 166–7
Dietl, Eduard 618
Dietrich, Sepp 117, 135, 164, 295,
554, 723
background of 133
on duties of SS 121
establishment of Sonderkommando
Berlin zbV 156–7
reprimanded by Himmler 341
Dinter, Arthur 42
Dirlewanger, Oskar 345–6
Dohnanyi, Hans von 698
Dollfuss, Engelbert 177, 178
Dollman, Eugen 396, 397
Do
¨
nitz, Karl 729, 733
Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp 730
Drexler, Anton 83
East German Building Materials
Works 484
Eberstein, Friedrich Karl Freiherr
von 125, 133 , 249–50, 337
Ebner, Gregor 372
Ebrecht, Georg 318, 417
Eckhardt, Karl August 269
index 997
Eden, Anthony 726
Eher Verlag 90
Eichmann, Adolf 217, 444–5, 477
deportation of Jews 441, 546, 562
establishes agency for Jewish
emigration in Austria 407
exchange of Jewish prisoners 708
final solution, memorandum on 511
Hungary 694, 706, 707
Eicke, Theodor 173, 295, 305, 336
appointed commandant at
Dachau 152, 153
background of 152– 3
Death’s Head military units:
appointed commander of 427
creation of 175
made responsible for all concentration
camps 174–5, 183
reprimanded by Himmler 340–1
Einsatzgruppen:
Czechoslovakia, occupation of
Prague 412
Greece 518
leadership cadre 521
Norway, deployment in 491, 492
Poland 429–30, 434
mass murder of leading Poles 428 –9
murder of intelligentsia 430
preparations for war 425
Soviet Union, mass murder of
Jews 525–6, 533, 537, 539, 56
7–8,
62
1
in Sudetenland 405
use of gas vans 548
Yugoslavia 518
Einsatzkommandos 491
General Government, mass murder of
Jews 546
Poland, murder of mental patients 431
Soviet Union:
Heydrich’s instructions on those to
be executed 523
mass murder of Jews 526, 531
Eismann, Hans Georg 716–17, 718, 723
Eisner, Kurt 27, 32
elections:
Reichstag:
1924 (Dec) 81 , 82
1928 96
1930 (Sept) 116
1932 ( July) 140
1932 (Nov) 143
state elections:
1928 96
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1927)
94–6
Saxony (1926) 93
Thuringia (1927) 93 –4
Ellermeier 390
Elser, Georg 472–3, 698
Enabling Law (March, 1933) 147
Engel, Gerhard 432
Epp, Franz Ritter von 98
appointed Bavarian Minister of the
Interior 148
cuts down use of protective
custody 167
investigation of deaths in Dachau
154
–5
Esterwegen
concentration
camp 183,
187, 241
Estonia:
Germanization 578
Waffen-SS recruitment in 677–8
Ethnic German Defence and Combat
League 79
Ethnic German List:
annexed Polish territories 452–4
France 592
General Government 583
Soviet Union 585 –6
ethnic policy (relations with minority
German populations):
France 497, 498
Himmler’s direction of 388
Himmler’s indirect influence
over 389–91
Hungary 391, 502 –3
Nazi reorganization of 388–9
Netherlands 495
organizations concerned with 388
Poland 391
Protectorate of Bohemia and
Moravia 457–8
R
omania 391, 502
Slovakia 391, 458
SS recruitment of ethnic Germans
609–16
998 index
effects of 614–16
Sudetenland 387–8, 391
VoMi (Coordination Centre for
Ethnic Germans) 389–90
relations with German organizations
abroad 391
Yugoslavia 391
extermination camps 542
construction of 547, 548, 566
preparations for 538
in General Government 547, 548, 556,
561, 566
Globocnik proposes construction
of 547
murder of those incapable of
work 549, 560, 561, 562, 563,
567, 571, 572
use of gas as murder method 547–9
construction of gas chambers at
Auschwitz 563
see also concentration camps
Externsteine 296–7
Fahrenkamp, Karl 331, 332, 347
Fegelein, Hermann 306, 320, 523,
531, 701
Fehlis, Heinrich 491– 2
Feierlein, SS-Hauptsturmfu
¨
hrer 377–8
Fellgiebel, Erich 697
Feuchtwanger, Lion 277
Fiehler,
Karl 90
final
solution:
decision taken to conclude 664–5
deportation of Jews to the east 541,
542–4, 545–6, 562–3
dismantling of gas chambers 707
draft plan for (1941) 511–12
Eichmann’s memorandum (1940) 511
expansion throughout Europe 541–2,
563–4, 571–2, 618–20
problems with deportations
624–5
extermination camps:
construction of 542, 547, 548
Himmler permits construction 547
use of gas 548–9, 563
extermination through work 557–61,
573, 624
as first step in new order 574
General Government 556–7
extermination of Jews in 573–4
mass murders in 546–7, 561–2, 566,
620, 665, 667
German
Jews 566–7
gypsies 668–72
Himmler’s
justification of 689–90,
695
Himmler’s key role in 542, 551, 745–6
Himmler’s open references to 689–90,
694–5
Hitler orders Himmler to
conclude 667
impact of Heydrich’s
assassination 570–1
link with settlement policy 578–9
Nazi leadership’s consensus on 541,
550–1
radicalization of Himmler’s Jewish
policy in east 528–30
Wannsee conference 555–6, 561
Finckh, Ludwig 41
Finland:
Himmler visits 617–18
Waffen-SS recruitment in 501
national legion 603
fire service 241
First World War:
German defeat 25
Himmler as Cadet Corps member
22, 23
Himmler’s childhood fascination
with 19–22
Himmler’s military service 23–6
impact on Himmler 40, 738
Fitzthum, Josef 307
Flex, Walter 41
Flick, Friedrich 259
Flossenbu
¨
rg
concentration camp 242,
244, 482, 731
Foreign
Organization of the
NSDAP 388, 393
Formis, Rudolf 388
Forster, Albert 433, 438
Forster, Wilhelm 442
Four Year Plan, asocial operation
(‘Work-shy Reich’) 228–9
France:
alliance offered by Himmler 729
index 999