Трехмерное моделирование структуры и динамики таежных ландшафтов
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Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɧɢɦɨɤ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɨɪɛɢɬɵ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɚ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ), ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ, ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɧɢɦɨɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɭɸ
ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ. ɗɬɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬ-
ɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ, ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ
ɫɧɢɦɤɚ ɤ ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɛɨ-
ɪɚɦ GPS. ɗɬɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ.
ɂɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɫɤɚɧɟ-
ɪɚ ɤ ɜɨɥɧɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɚɬ-
ɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬ-
ɜɭɸɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢ
ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ, – ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ
ɫɤɚɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɧɢɦɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜ-
ɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ.
Форматы файлов сканерных снимков
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɬɢɩɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ:
1. ȼ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɰɜɟɬ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (True color-RGB), ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, BMP, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠ-
ɞɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɫɧɢɦɤɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɚɣɬɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ-
ɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ BIP (Band
Interleaved by Pixel).
2. ȼ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ BIL (Band Interleaved by Line) ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɱɟɪɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ-
ɫɬɪɨɱɧɨ – ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
3. Ɋɚɫɬɪɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɷɬɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ BSQ (band sequential).
4. Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ grey scale, ɜɫɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɨɤ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɮɚɣɥɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ GeoTIFF, ɫɬɚɜɲɢɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɞɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɝɟɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ, ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ BIP, BIL ɢɥɢ BSQ.