Трехмерное моделирование структуры и динамики таежных ландшафтов
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ȼ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɞɟɥɨɜɭɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ, ɜ ɤɚɠ-
ɞɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨ
ɰɜɟɬɭ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ (ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɡɚɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ȼ
ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨ ɰɜɟɬɭ
ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɛɚɣɬɚɦɢ – ɧɨɦɟ-
ɪɨɦ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɨ-
ɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ RLE (Run Lengh Encoding). Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ, ɟɫɬɟ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɬɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜ «ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚ-
ɮɢɤɢ», ɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɠɚɬɨɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɱɟɦ ɧɟɫɠɚɬɨɟ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ LZW, ɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɷɮ-
ɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚ, ɜ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 50–60%. ɂɫɤɚɠɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɯ GIF, TIF, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ JPG. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ ɩɪɨ-
ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɢɡ-
ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɪɚ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɟ-
ɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ, ɢ ɱɟɦ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɮɚɣɥɚ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭ-
ɱɚɹɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɬɨɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ, ɩɨ-
ɬɟɪɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ (ɜ 2-4 ɪɚɡɚ) ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɚɥɨ ɡɚ-
ɦɟɬɧɚ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɡ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ JPG ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɜɟɛ-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ ɜ ɜɢ-
ɞɟ ɝɪɹɡɧɨɜɚɬɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɨɜ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ JPG
ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ.
ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ XX ɜɟɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ
ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɟɣɜɥɟɬ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɭɦɟɧɶ-
ɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɪɚɡ ɛɟɡ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɨ-
ɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɷɬɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɯ MrSid (Multiresolution
Seamless Image Database, *.sid), ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɮɢɪɦɨɣ LizardTech, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ECW (ERMapper Compressed Wavelets, *.ecw), ɮɢɪɦɚ ERMapper. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜ-
ɧɨɦ ɷɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ȾɁ, ɧɚ-
ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ GeoCover
(https://zulu.ssc.nasa.gov/mrsid/mrsid.pl
).