Литинский П.Ю. Трехмерное моделирование структуры и динамики таежных ландшафтов

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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

105

ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ, ɸɠɧɨɣ, ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ), ɫ

ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ (ɬɢɩ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɷɥɥɢɩɫɨɢɞ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɭ-

ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ

ɫ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟ-

ɧɢɟ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɚ). ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ

ɫɤɚɧɟɪɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɢɤɫɟɥ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬ

ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɟ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɪɟ-

ɝɢɨɧɚ («ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ» ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ,

ɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ.

ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ GRASS ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ

ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɛɭɤɜ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɞɭ-

ɥɹ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɛɭɤɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ:

i (image) – ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;

r (raster) – ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ;

v (vector) – ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ;

g (general) – ɨɛɳɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ: ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɛɨ-

ɱɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.;

d (display) – ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɤɧɚɯ (ɦɨɧɢɬɨ-

ɪɚɯ).

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ GIS Manager

ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ

ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ

ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɞɭɥɶ

ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪ r.texture ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɦɟɧɸ «Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ», ɬɨɝɞɚ

ɤɚɤ ɷɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ

ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ.

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɟ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ, ɢɦɟɧɚ

ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ (ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ) ɤɥɸɱɢ

(flags). ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɧɚɤ «=» ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ. ȼ

ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ-

ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ

ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɤɟɬɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ, ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚ-

ɰɢɣ – ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɛɟɡ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ.

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ

ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.

Трехмерное моделирование структуры и динамики таежных ландшафтов

106

ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɜɭɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ) ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨ-

ɜɚɧɚ ɜ GRASS ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ

ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ MapInfo ɢɥɢ ArcView ɭɞɨɛɧɟɟ ɢɦ-

ɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ GRASS ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟ-

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɪɚɛɨ-

ɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɫɪɟɞɟ XWin ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ GRASS ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɟ

CygWin ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ ɜɢɞɚ:

grass6х /home/user/grass_data/location_1/PERMANENT

ОСНОВНЫЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ И ВЫПОЛНЯЮЩИЕ ИХ МОДУЛИ

ɂɦɩɨɪɬ

ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ (MapInfo, ArcView) ............................................ v.in.ogr

ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ TIF, BMP, GIF ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ....................... r.in.gdal

ɗɤɫɩɨɪɬ

ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ ................................................................................ r.out.gdal

ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ ................................................................................ v.out.ogr

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ........................................................................... g.region

Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ

ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ/ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ .................. r.proj / v.proj

ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜ ................................................... r.resample

ɪɟɤɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜ ....................................................................... i.rectify

ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ

ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɰɜɟɬɚ .......................................... i.rgb.his, i.his.rgb

ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ..................................................................... i.pca

Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ

ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ................................................................... i.group

ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɬɭɪ ................................................................... i.gensig

ɧɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ .................................................................................... i.cluster

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ (ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ) .............................. i.maxlik

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɵ ɪɚɫɬɪɚ ................................................................... r.color

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

107

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɪɚ ....................................................................... r.neighbors

ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɵ ................................................................................ r.texture

ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɹ DEM ɢɡ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɟɣ .......................... v.surf.rst

ɭɤɥɨɧ/ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɚ ......................................................... r.slope.aspect

ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ................................................. r.param.scale

ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɛɨɪɨɜ ......................................................... r.watershed

ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ..................................................................... r.buffer

ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ....................................... r.le.pixel, r.le.patch

ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ/ɥɨɝɢɤɚ ......................................................... r.mapcalc

ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɜ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ..................................................................... r.to.vect

ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɟ ..................................................................... v.to.rast

Примеры пакетных файлов для выполнения некоторых операций

ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɦɩɨɪɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ

GRSS, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ. ȼɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ/ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɵ-

ɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ MapInfo (.tab), ɪɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɟ – GeoTiff ɢɥɢ Tiff, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ-

ɧɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɥɢ-

ɱɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ world-ɮɚɣɥɚ (.tfw). ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ/ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ-

ɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝ SygWin (/).

Создание цифровой модели высот из векторных горизонталей

v.in.ogr dsn=/h.tab output=h (ɢɦɩɨɪɬ MapInfo ɮɚɣɥɚ)

g.region vect=h res=100 (ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ DEM)

v.surf.rst input=h zcolumn=H elev=d

r.out.gdal input=d format=GTiff type=Int16 output=/dem.tif

g.remove vect=h rast=d (ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ GRASS)

Векторизация классифицированного растра

r.in.gdal /a.tif output=a (ɢɦɩɨɪɬ [GEO]Tiff ɮɚɣɥɚ)

r.to.vect input=a output=a feature=area –v (ɜɟɤɬɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-

ɤɨɣ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɨɜ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦ ɪɚɫɬɪɚ)

v.out.ogr input=a type=area dsn=/ olayer=a format=MapInfo_File

g.remove vect=a rast=a (ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ GRASS)

Трехмерное моделирование структуры и динамики таежных ландшафтов

Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ – ɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ

NVIZ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ. Ɉɧ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨ-

ɦɚɧɞɨɣ nviz ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɩɨɦɟɳɚɹ ɪɚɫ-

ɬɪɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɧɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɵɫɨɬ, ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫ

ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɝɥɚ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɢ

ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɭ.

107

ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ

Ⱥɤɫɟɧɨɜ Ⱦ. ȿ., Ⱦɨɛɪɵɧɢɧ Ⱦ. ȼ., Ⱦɭɛɢɧɢɧ Ɇ. ɘ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ⱥɬɥɚɫ ɦɚɥɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɯ

ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ɇ., 2003. 187 ɫ.

Ȼɚɪɬɚɥɟɜ ɋ. Ⱥ., ɂɫɚɟɜ Ⱥ. ɋ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨ-

ɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɛɨɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ // Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ

ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢ-

ɫɬɟɦ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ: ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ». ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚ-

ɜɨɞɫɤ, 2004. ɋ. 18–28.

Ƚɚɝɚɟɜɚ Ɂ. ɒ., ɉɭɡɚɱɟɧɤɨ ɘ. Ƚ., Ⱥɥɟɳɟɧɤɨ Ƚ. Ɇ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ

ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ //

ȼɟɫɬɧ. Ɇɨɫɤ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. ɋɟɪ. 5. Ƚɟɨɝɪ. 2003. ʋ 1. ɋ. 26–35.

Ƚɨɪɵɲɢɧɚ Ɍ. Ʉ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɇ., 1979. 368 ɫ.

Ƚɨɮɚɪɨɜ Ɇ. ɘ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ Ƚɂɋ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ Ȼɟɥɨ-

ɦɨɪɫɤɨ-Ʉɭɥɨɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɨ): Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮ. ɞɢɫ. … ɤɚɧɞ. ɝɟɨɝɪ. ɧɚɭɤ. Ɇ., 2004. 22 ɫ.

Ƚɪɨɦɰɟɜ Ⱥ. ɇ. Ʌɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ: ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢ-

ɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ. ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, 2000. 144 ɫ.

Ƚɪɨɦɰɟɜ Ⱥ. ɇ., Ʌɢɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɉ. ɘ. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɫ-

ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ // Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ʉɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɬɚɟɠ-

ɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ». ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, 1999. ɋ. 88–89.

Ƚɪɨɦɰɟɜ Ⱥ. ɇ., Ʌɢɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɉ. ɘ. Ʉɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ɏɟɧɧɨɫɤɚɧɞɢɢ:

ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ

ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ //Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɊɎɎɂ. ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, 2002. ɋ. 23–24.

Ⱦɚɧɢɥɢɧ ɂ. Ɇ., Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜ ȿ. Ɇ., Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɋ. Ɋ. Ʌɚɡɟɪɧɚɹ ɥɨɤɚɰɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢ

ɥɟɫɚ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ, 2005, 182 ɫ.

ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜ ɇ. Ȼ., Ⱥɥɫɟɧɛɚɟɜ Ʉ. ɋ., ɉɨɩɨɜ Ⱦ. ɘ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ʉɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ-

ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ // Ȼɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚ-

ɡɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ: ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɇɨɜɨ-

ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, 2006ɚ. ɋ. 276–289.

ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜ ɇ. Ȼ., Ⱦɢɬɰ Ʌ. ɘ., Ɋɚɜɤɢɧ ɘ. ɋ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (Ƚɂɋ) «ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɍɪɚɥɚ ɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ // Ȼɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ:

ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ, 2006ɛ. ɋ. 207–257.

Ɂɚɦɹɬɢɧ Ⱥ. ȼ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɂɟɦɥɢ // ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ. 2006.

ʋ 6. ɋ. 50–64.

Ɂɚɦɹɬɢɧ Ⱥ. ȼ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢ-

ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ // Ɂɟɦɥɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ – ɧɚɢɛɨ-

ɥɟɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, 26–28 ɧɨɹɛ-

ɪɹ 2003 ɝ. Ɇ., 2003. ɋ. 116–117

ɂɜɚɧɬɟɪ ɗ.ȼ., Ʉɨɪɨɫɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɸ. ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚ-

ɜɨɞɫɤ, 2003. 304 ɫ.

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Ʉɧɢɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɘ. Ɏ., Ʉɪɚɜɰɨɜɚ ȼ. ɂ. ȼɵɫɨɬɧɚɹ ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɴɟɦɤɚ – ɡɚɤɨ-

ɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ // Ɂɟɦɥɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ –

ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, 26–28

ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2003 ɝ. Ɇ., 2003. ɋ. 117–119.

Ʉɪɚɜɰɨɜɚ ȼ. ɂ. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚ-

ɧɢɸ Ɂɟɦɥɢ Igarss-2002 (Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ) // Ʌɟɫɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. 2003. ʋ 5. ɋ. 24.

Ʌɚɛɭɬɢɧɚ ɂ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɷɪɨɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɧɢɦɤɨɜ. Ɇ., 2004. 184 ɫ.

Ʌɚɡɚɪɟɜɚ ɂ. ɉ., Ʉɭɱɤɨ Ⱥ. Ⱥ., Ʉɪɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ. ȼ. ɢ ɞɪ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɷɪɨɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ-

ɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɢ. ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, 1992. 52 ɫ.

Ʌɢɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɉ. ɘ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɤɚɧɟɪɚ Ɇɋɍ–ɗ

ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ // Ʌɟɫɧɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. 1995. ʋ 1.

Ʌɢɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɉ. ɘ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵ-

ɛɪɨɫɨɜ Ʉɨɫɬɨɦɭɤɲɫɤɨɝɨ ȽɈɄɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨ-

ɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɝɟɨɰɟɧɨɡɨɜ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɢ. ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, 1996.

ɋ. 182–192.

Ʌɢɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɉ. ɘ. Ʌɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ƚɂɋ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ɏɟɧɧɨɫɤɚɧɞɢɢ //

Ɍɪɭɞɵ Ʉɚɪɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɊȺɇ. ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ, 2003. ȼɵɩ. 5. ɋ. 100–107.

Ʌɢɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɉ. ɘ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨ-ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɝɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ // Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ-

ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ

ȿɜɪɨɩɵ: ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ». ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤ,

2004. ɋ. 334–337.

Ɇɚɥɵɲɟɜɚ ɇ. ȼ., Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ Ɉ. Ʌ. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ

ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬ // Ɂɟɦɥɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟ-

ɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, 26–28 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2003 ɝ. Ɇ., 2003. ɋ. 159–160.

Ɉɞɭɦ ɘ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɇ., 1975. 740 ɫ.

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