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508 Nuclear Medicine Physics

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Index

Absoibed

dose,

449,451-57,461,468,

70-77,80-83,87,94,96,98

Absorption

photon

energy,

136,141,

144,148,149,168,170,176,

226,

228,

234,236, 238,317, 433,436,

442-445,450,453,455, 456

Adaptation,

341,342

Analytical

methods, 219,244, 248,251,

252,254

Angular

compression,

192,193

Angular

sampling,

191,192,

Animal

PET,

181,198-200

Apoptosis, 282,292, 293,329,298,

505,506

Attenuation, 28,224,247, 249

coeff.,

141,142,164,166,170,201,202,

436,451,454,467

correction

PET,

135,136,141,142,148,

149,151,160,184,201-203

correction

SPECT,

135,136,141,142,

148,149

Auger

electrons,

168,442,473

Autopoiesis, 341

Rackprojecrion,

219,244-247,

251,252

Bethe

formula,

Biological

effects,

432,433,435,437,439,

441,443,445,457,459,469,473,

475,477,479,481,483,485,487,

489,501,505,507,539

Blood-brain

barrier,

98,114,119,126,

307-317,319

Brain,

114,198,202-204,316-320,

337,

341 343,381, 391,394,420,422,

424,427,428

Brain

metabolism,

305,307

Bremsstrahlung

effect,

443-445,

450,451

Bystander

effect,

434,

505,506

Cell

proliferation,

98,126,475,485

Cerebellum, 300, 301, 305, 306

Clonogenic

activation, 506

Collimators, 88,134,136,141,164,

169,170,171,182,218,219,

222,237

Color

Preprocessing,

262

Compartmental

analysis, 357,390,

3%,

405

models, 336, 360,390, 395,3%, 42Z

425,426

Compton effect

141-143,148,149,154,

168-170,176,177,183,201,

216,221,222,228,230-233,

243,247,250,433-444,459,

460,465,506

Contours

detection/enhancement,

215,

240

Contrast,

134-137,147,158,161-168,200,

202,

214,216,224, 229,230, 247,

257-259,261,282, 320

Contrast

enhancement,

239,

240,259

Convolutioa

160,223, 233,245-247, 277,

281,324,398,415,417-420

discret,

421

filter, 281

integral,

416,420

Cbregistration,

201-203,237,239,

265-268,27-280,301,

304,305

Cross-section, 143,232,236,252,

434-439,441,443,449,497

compton, 439

Cybernetics,

341,342

510

Index

Cyclotron, 28-35

radionuclide production, 11,13,15,

17,19,

21,23,25,27, 29,31,33, 35,

37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51,53, 55,

57,59,61,63,65,67

resonance condition, 36, 37,40,42,

4!W5,48,54,56,58,61,63

isochronous, 32,33, 57-63

maximum

KE,

54,55,58

CZT

cameras, 147

Data acquisition, 137,174,182,184,186,

199,233,

305

compression, 193,240, 260

pre-processing, 177,191,391

storage, 137,174,185

Deconvolutin, 223,224, 233,418-420

Delta function, 81,139, 408,418,

421,422

Detection efficiency, 148,151,163,191,

234,236

Digital image processing,

241,

257-260

Direct action, 432,477,483-485,488,489,

495,305

DNA, 283,285,286, 289,291,292, 298,

433,457,475,481,484,488,490,

491-493,502,503,505

Dynamic

range

compression, 192,193,

240,260

Effective

dose,

455,472

Entropy, 6,340, 341,432,452,456,

460-464,492

Equivalent dose, 455,471,472

Excitation,

73,

75,434,440,441,446,450,

456,485,505

Excitation functions,

4-9,16-19,26-32

Exposure, 452,454,457,467,468,472,

475,477,478,479,480,505

Filters, 169,246-248,251,253

Fluence, 443,449,451-454,467,468,475,

481,489

Fluorescence, 135,153

Focusing electric, 46,

magnetic,

38,

Thomas, 58-60

Fourier analysis, 160

rebinning, 256

series,

221

space,

221,

246

transform, 221,240, 246,247, 256,272,

420,422

Funqoes objectivo, 309

Functional imaging,

211,285,

287,291,

298,387

Gamma camera, 147-149,158,162,

167,169,170,172,174,

216,406,407

Gamma correction,

259,

260

Gamma-ray detector, 11

Gas

detectors, 144,145

Genomic instability, 505,506

Geometric efficiency, 163,173,234,236

Glucose metabolism, 128, 359,

391,423

Homeostasis, 1, 339-341,350

Hypoxia, 98,113

Image reconstruction, 177-181,184,187,

190,191,1%,

197,216-224,238,

242-244,252,254,256

Indirect action, 483-485,495

Interaction with detector, 193

Interpolation, 17,160, 261,262,271, 276,

277,279,280

Ionization, 135,144,246,151,168,432,

434,441,443,446,448-450,452,

455,475,486,488,495,496,

497,505

potential, 433,446

Isochronous cyclotron, 32, 33,

57-62,

Iterative methods, 197, 219,221, 245,

247-249,253,254,256

Index 511

LET,

435,436,447,449,453-159,469,476,

485,487,489,494-497,500,

502-504

Line spread function, 159

Linear filetring, 274

Liposolubility, 309, 311, 312,394

Logistic equation,

345,

347, 350,382

Lotka-Volterra model, 347,34«, 360, 371,

378,

379

Luminescence, 135

Mathematical Modeling, 344, 391

Mixed model, 499,500

MLEM algorithm, 250, 251,253

Modulation transfer function, 158,

160,163

Molecular imaging, 3,5, 281,289,291

Monoclonal antibodies, 117,120-122

Monte Carlo simulation, 233,428,459,

461,462,465,467,470

Multiple Target Models, 495

Neguentropy, 7,340, 341

Neurotransmitters, 315,317-319

Noise (statistical), 139,140, 216,217, 247,

249,250,281,425,

Nontargeted effects, 505

Normalization correction, 234,241, 257,

Nuclear reactions, 10,11,12,15,16,18,

19,26,28,29,105,446

Pair production, 143,144,433-435,443,

444,459,460

Parametric analysis, 427

Partial volume effect, 97,136,168, 203,

223,224

PET,

1-7,69,92,

93,100-102,105,109,

114,116,119,120,123,126,

135-141,211,215,216, 224-320,

387-391,396,422-428

PET/CT,199,200

PET/MRI,202

Photoelectric effect, 141,142,148,149,

150,153,154,168,170,228-

230,433-437,440-444,459-462,

465,466,

Photoelectrons, 168,442

Photomultiplier tube, 147,148,152,154,

155,167,2*4,237, 241

Photonuclear interaction, 434,444

Point spread function, 158, 223,224

Positron, 69

annihilation, 70,74,80,81,86,

90-92,135

interaction with matter,

69,

73,74,76,

80,82

lifetime, 72,78, 81-84

momentum,

87,

range, 203

thermalization, 74

Positronium, 69, 72,74, 93

Primary radiation, 451,453,454

Pseudo-colour, 265

Quadratic linear model, 495,501,

503,504

Radial sampling, 191,192

Radiolysis,

5,432,485,486,487

Radionuclide production, 10-19, 23,25,

27,29,

31,33,35, 37,39,41,43,

45,47,49,51,53,55,57,59,61,

63,65,

Radiopharmaceuticals

PET,

99-107

quality control, 124

SPECT, 99,108,109,

111,

112,113-116,

119,121-126

Radiosynthesis, 103

Rayleigh Scattering, 434,443

RBE,455,456,

Receptors, 97,112,113,119,123,124,

242,

263,290,295-298,318-320,

343,

387,388,391, 392, 395,423

Reconstruction algorihtms, 134,135,147,

216^-226,238-256

Registration, (see coregistration)

Resampling, 271,277

512

Index

Resolution distance, 168,173

Resonance condition,

23,

36,48,54,56,

58,62,63

Synaptic gap, 318-320

Synchrocyclotron, 33,57,58

Target theory, 483-5, 489,495,501,

504,505

Technetium-99m, 108,110,114

Thompson scattering, 438,439

Time-of-flight, 151,178,179

Tracer kinetic modeling, 469

Transfer function, 158,160,162,163

Transport mechanisms, 309,310,311,

314,315,392,393

Tumor

angiogenesis, 288,290

Water radiolysis.

See

radiolysis

Semiconductor detectors, 144,155

Solid state detectors, 145

Spatial resolution, 134,136,138,147,211,

214,303,

308,348,349

PET,

180-182,184,191-193,197-199,

200,203

SPECT, 149,151,157-160,

171-174,179

SPECT radionuclides

Stewart-Harmilton principle, 413,414

Stopping power, 20-23,25,27, 29,166,

446,447

Straggling, 23,

Survival curves, 477,483, 494,499, 500,

501,504