Lax Alistair J. Bacterial protein toxins: Role in the interference with cell growth regulation (Бактериальные токсины белков: роль в регуляции роста клеток)

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p53, 58

Helicobacter and, 183, 184

PAK

Activation by Bartonella, 98

Pancreatic cancer, 218–219

Pasteurella multicoda toxin (PMT)

DNT homology, CNF homology, 43

Pasteurella multocida, 7, 25

Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT), 7–27

As a tool, 13, 20

Atrophic rhinitis, 7, 24–25

Bombesin interaction with, 12

Bone loss due to, 155–161

Cancer, 25

Cell signalling, 10

CNF homology, 22

Domain architecture, 22–24

Facilitation of bombesin signalling,

uninvolved, 14

Gene, 22

activation, 13–14

αq

tyrosine phosphorylation induced by

PMT, 21

Intracellular action, 9–10

Lethality, 25

Mitogen, 7–9, 25

Osteoblasts and, 156–158

Osteoclasts and, 156–161

Phospholipase C activation, 11–14

Protein kinase C activation, 12, 20

RANKL, 159

Receptor, 10

Rho activation, 16–17

Rho and, 156

Signalling and, 156

Target, 21

Transendothelial permeability, 17

Variable mitogenicity, 20

Pathogenicity island (PAI)

cag, 169

Peptic ulcer

Cancer linked to, 209–210

Periodontal disease, 147

A. actinomycetemcomitans, 64

Pernicious anaemia (PA)

Cancer link, 209, 210

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

(PPAR), 174

Helicobacter induced apoptosis, 184

Phospholipase

Absence in C57Bl/6 mice, 171

ExoU, 125

P. aeruginosa, 135

Phospholipase A

activation by

Helicobacter, 176

Phytoestrogens, 205–206

PI3 kinases

Cell cycle control, 58

Rho activation, 35

Plants

Anticarcinogens, 205–206

PMT

See Pasteurella multocida toxin

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Detoxification, 204

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)

As carcinogens, 204

Population

Link to cancer incidence, 206

Prevotella intermedia, 70

Proliferation

Helicobacter induced, 170

Helicobacter induced proliferation and cag

status, 173

Rho, 35–37

Prostate

Disease and CNF, 44–45

Prostate cancer

Phytoestrogen protection against,

205

Prostatitis

E. coli infection and, 207

Protein kinase C (PKC)

Activation, 12

Mycobacterial stimulation, 218

PMT activation, 12

PMT Erk phosphorylation, 19

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ExoS effector, 125–127

ExoT effector, 127

ExoU and cell death, 135

ExoY, 136

TTSS, 117

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Ra1A

Action of ExoS, 127

Rab

Action of ExoS, 127

Osteoclast function, 162

Rac, 18, 33

Degradation, 42

Introduction, 14

PAK, 35

Proliferation and, 36

Rho antagonism, 35

Rap1B

Action of ExoS, 127

Ras

Action of ExoS, 127

C. sordellii activation of, 38

Introduction, 18

Osteoclast survival, 162

Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANKL)

PMT and, 159

Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL),

149

RGD, 151

Rho

Bartonella and, 81, 92–95, 98–99

Bone and, 153–162

C3 target, 3

Cell cycle, cell transformation, 34

Cell transformation, 36

GAP activity of YopE on RhoA, 124

ICAM-1, 107

Immunity and, 107–108

Importance in bone resorption,

161

Introduction, 14–15, 33–34, 119–120,

153–154

Motility, role in 6

Osteoblast differentiation, 158

Osteoclasts and, 161–162

PMT and, 16–17, 156

Proliferation and, 35–37

Regulation and adhesion, 107

Rho A in erythrocytes, 97

Rho effectors, 34–35

Shigella type III effectors, 123–128

Toxin targets, 227

Toxins that activate, 39

Toxins that inactivate, 37–38

Type III effectors, 120

VEGF activation, 101

Rho kinase, 15, 34–35

Myosin light chain, 35

PMT and, 16, 17

Rac, 35

RNA interference (RNAi), 180

SAGP, 69

Salmonella, 120

Effectors, 39

SipA effector, 122

SipB and apoptosis, 134–135

SipB effector and cell death, 131

SipC effector, 122

SopB effector, 122

SopB effector and inositol phosphatase,

130–131

SopE, 93

SopE effector, 121

SPI effectors, 121–122

SPI-2 effectors, 136

SptP action of JNK and ERK, 130

SptP effector, 122, 130

SspHs leucine rich repeat (LRR) proteins,

136

TTSS, 117

TTSS effectors and signalling, 120–122

TTSS effectors that affect Rho, 120–122

Salmonella typhi

Carriers and cancer 9

Infection and gallbladder cancer,

214

Samonella

Other type III effectors, 136

SPI-2, 135

Severe combined immune deficiency disorcer

(SCID), 183

Shigella, 120

CDT, 59, 64

IpaA, 123

IpaB, 123, 131, 134

IpaC, 123

IpaHs leucine rich repeat (LRR) proteins,

136

IpgD, 131

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Shigella (cont)

TTSS, 117

TTSS effectors that affect Rho, 123

VirA effector, 123

Sickle-cell anemia, 91

Signalling

Bone resorption and, 151–152

Helicobacter induced, 169, 175–182

Toxins targets, 3–4, 227

Type III effectors that interfere with,

119–136

Small interfering RNA (siRNA),

180

Src

Activation by PMT, 15

STa, 2, 69

STI, 70

Streptococcus pyogenes, 69

Structure

CNF, 41

T cells

Helicobacter induced pathology and, 183

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP),

151

TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF)

Activation by RANKL, 150

Toxin chimeras

C3, 38

Toxins

Bone and, 153–162

Introduction and history, 1

Transendothelial permeability

PMT and, 17

Transgenic mice

Helicobacter research, 182

Transgenic mouse model

Helicobacter research, 172

Transglutamination

Rho transglutamination by DNT,

Translocation

Translocation via low pH step, 10

Transverse urea gradient gels, 10

Triple membrane passing signal (TMPS)

EGF receptor activation, 177

Over-expression in gastric cancer, 179

Tryptophan

Metabolism linked to cancer, 202

TTSS

Cell death, 131

Tuberculosis (TB)

Lung cancer and, 218

Tumour promoters

Toxins as, 229

Type III effectors

Action on bacterial entry, 120–128

Action on Rho, 119–128

Of unknown function, 136

Type III secretion, 2–3, 117–136

Introduction, 117–119

kinases, 128–131

phosphatases, 128–129

Type IV secretion

Bartonella and, 95

Helicobacter, 179

Type IV secretory

Helicobacter, 173

Typhoid

Cancer link, 215

Carriers and pancreatic cancer, 219

Tyrosine phosphatases

YopH, 129

Tyrosine phosphorylation

Inhibitor as anticarcinogen, 205

PMT induction, 15–16

Tyrosine phosphorylation of G

αq

Ulceration

Helicobacter, 169

Urinary tract

Cancer, 206–207

Disease and CNF, 44–45

Vascular Epithelial Growth Factor (VEGF),

100–106

Apoptosis, 102

Block of NF-κB, 105

Endothelial mitogen, 101

FAK Src, 102

Hypoxia, 100

Immune function, 104

Inflammation, 104

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Nitric oxide (NO), 103

p38 MAPK, 102

Paxillin, 102

Verotoxin (VT), 69

Verruga, 86

Bartonella and, 82

Vitronectin, 151

Yersinia

TTSS, 117

Yops, 118–119

YopE, 124

YopH, 129–130

YopH and immune function,

130

YopH interaction with P13K, 129

YopJ

Apoptosis caused by, 132

YopJ and inflammation, 132–134

YopJ and signalling

YopJ/P and cell death, 131

YopM leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins,

136

YopT effector, 124–125

YpkA/YopA effector, 131

Yops, 118–119