Кубрин С.С. Теория анализа и синтеза информационно-аналитических систем оптимальной отработки шахтных полей и месторождений

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Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ

ɇɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ

ɄɍȻɊɂɇ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɢɱ

ɍȾɄ 622.27:681.5

Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-

ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ

ɲɚɯɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ 05.13.01 – ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ,

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ

(ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ)

Ⱦɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ

Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2002

Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ......................................................................................................... 6

ɋɇɈȼɇɕȿ ɁȺȾȺɑɂ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂə. .............................................................. 11

ɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ ȾɂɋɋȿɊɌȺɐɂɂ. .............................................................................. 11

1 ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȽɈɊɇɈ-ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌȿɃ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɂ ɈɌɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɁȺɉȺɋɈȼ ɍȽɅə....... 13

1.1 Ⱥ

ɇȺɅɂɁ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɎȺɄɌɈɊɈȼ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɁȺɉȺɋɈȼ....................... 16

1.2 Ƚ

ȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ.............................................................. 20

1.3 Ⱥ

ɇȺɅɂɁ ȽɈɊɇɈ-ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ .................................... 21

1.4 Ⱥ

ɇȺɅɂɁ ɄȺɑȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɉɈɄȺɁȺɌȿɅȿɃ ɍȽɅə ........................................ 22

1.5 ɉ

ɊɈɋɌɊȺɇɋɌȼȿɇɇɈ-ɆɈɊɎɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɎȺɄɌɈɊɕ ɂ ɉɈɄȺɁȺɌȿɅɂ

ɈɋȼɈȿɇɂə ɆȿɋɌɈɊɈɀȾȿɇɂə

........................................................................... 26

1.6 Ƚ

ȿɈɅɈȽɈ-ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑȿɇɂȿ ɊȺɋɑȿɌɈȼ

ɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɏɈȾɈȼ ȼ ɈɑɂɋɌɇɈɆ ɁȺȻɈȿ.................................... 30

1.7 Ɂ

ȺȾȺɑɂ, ɊȿɒȺȿɆɕȿ ȼ ɉȿɊɂɈȾ ɗɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂɂ ɍȽɅȿȾɈȻɕȼȺɘɓȿȽɈ

ɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂə ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɋɅɍɀȻɈɃ ɂ ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄȺ

ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɍȿɆɈɃ ɇȺ ȾȺɇɇɈɆ ɗɌȺɉȿ ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ

............. 36

1.8 ɇ

ɈȼɕɃ ɄɈɇɐȿɉɌɍȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɉɈȾɏɈȾ Ʉ ɈɐȿɇɄȿ ɁȺɉȺɋɈȼ. ...................... 42

1.9 ȼ

ɕȼɈȾɕ................................................................................................... 45

2 ɌȿɈɊɂə ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ ɂ ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ

ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɉɊȿȾɋɌȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɂ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ

ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ

ɈɉɌɂɆȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɈɌɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɒȺɏɌɇɕɏ ɉɈɅȿɃ ɂ

ɆȿɋɌɈɊɈɀȾȿɇɂɃ. ...................................................................................... 6

2.1 Ɉ

ɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɈɉɂɋȺɇɂə ɂ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ȽɈɊɇɈ-ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɋɂɋɌȿɆ

. ............................................................................................................ 46

2.2 Ɉ

ɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɎɈɊɆȺɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ȽɈɊɇɈ-ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ........ 47

2.3 Ɇ

ɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ ........................................ 54

2.4 Ɉ

ɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɉȿɊȿɑɇə ɌɂɉɈȼɕɏ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼ ȽɈɊɇɈ-

ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ. ............................................................................ 59

2.5 Ɉ

ɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɌɂɉɈȼ ɋȼəɁȿɃ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼ ȽɈɊɇɈ-ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ

.......................................................................................................... 68

2.6 Ɉ

ɋɇɈȼɇɕȿ ɋɈɈɌɇɈɒȿɇɂə ɆȿɀȾɍ ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɕɆɂ ɈȻɔȿɄɌȺɆɂ,

ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɆɂ ɂ ɎɈɊɆȺɅɂɁȺɐɂəɆɂ. ................................................................. 74

2.7 Ɉ

ɉɌɂɆȺɅɖɇɈȿ ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼ ȽɈɊɇɈ-ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ

.......................................................................................................... 91

2.8 Ɉ

ɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɈɉɌɂɆȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɑɂɋɅȺ ɌɂɉɈȼ ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ

ɂ ɑɂɋɅȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɇȺɂȻɈɅȿȿ ɉɊȿȾɋɌȺȼɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ȽɊɍɉɉɕ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ

. ......... 108

2.9 ȼ

Ʌɂəɇɂȿ ɋɌȿɉȿɇɂ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼ ȽɈɊɇɈ-

ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȽɈ

ɉɊȿȾɋɌȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ

. ................................................. 116

2.10 Ⱦ

ɂɇȺɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂɃ

ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ................................................................................. 135

2.11 Ɉ

ɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ȽɊȺɇɂɐ ȼɈɁɇɂɄɇɈȼȿɇɂə ɏȺɈɋȺ ȼ ɂȿɊȺɊɏɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺɏ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂɃ ɇɈɆɂɇȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ

.. 140

2.12 ȼɕȼɈȾɕ ɉɈ ȼɌɈɊɈɃ ȽɅȺȼȿ. ............................................................... 150

3 ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɋɉɂɋɄȺ ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɆɈȾȿɅȿɃ

ɇȿɈȻɏɈȾɂɆɕɏ ȾɅə ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə

ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ-ȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ

ɈɉɌɂɆȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɈɌɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɒȺɏɌɇɕɏ ɉɈɅȿɃ ɂ

ɆȿɋɌɈɊɈɀȾȿɇɂɃ. .................................................................................. 153

3.1 Ⱥ

ɇȺɅɂɁ ɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ ɆɈȾȿɅȿɃ. ................................................... 153

3.2 ɂ

ɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɉɂɋɄȺ ɆɈȾȿɅȿɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ. ..................................... 165

3.3 Ⱥ

ɇȺɅɂɁ ɋɉɂɋɄȺ ɆɈȾȿɅȿɃ, ȼɏɈȾəɓɂɏ ȼ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɍ, ɉɈ ɋɌȿɉȿɇɂ

ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂə ɂɋɏɈȾɇɕɆ ȾȺɇɇɕɆ

. ........................................................... 170

3.4 Ɇ

ɈɊɎɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼ ɆɈȾȿɅȿɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ. .............. 177

3.5 Ɋ

ȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆɈɊɎɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɆȿɌɈȾȺ ȼɕɑɂɋɅȿɇɂə ɋɌȿɉȿɇɂ

ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɆɈȾȿɅȿɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ

.......................................................... 179

3.6 ɋ

ɈɁȾȺɇɂȿ ɉȿɊȿɑɇə ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɆɈȾȿɅȿɃ ɇȿɈȻɏɈȾɂɆɕɏ ȾɅə

Ɋȿɒȿɇɂə ɁȺȾȺɑ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ

-ȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɋɂɋɌȿɆ ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ

ɉɊɈȿɄɌɈȼ ɈɑɂɋɌɇɕɏ ɊȺȻɈɌ ɂ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ɁȺɉȺɋɈȼ

......................................... 185

3.7 Ɉ

ɐȿɇɄȺ ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɆɈȾȿɅȿɃ ɋ ɍɑȿɌɈɆ ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ

ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ. ................................................................................................ 193

3.8 ȼ

ɕȼɈȾɕ ɉɈ ɌɊȿɌɖȿɃ ȽɅȺȼȿ. ..... ɈɒɂȻɄȺ! ɁȺɄɅȺȾɄȺ ɇȿ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇȺ.

4 ɇɈȼɕȿ ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɂ ɆȿɌɈȾɕ,

ɇȿɈȻɏɈȾɂɆɕȿ ȾɅə ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ-ȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɈɉɌɂɆȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɈɌɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɒȺɏɌɇɕɏ ɉɈɅȿɃ ɂ

ɆȿɋɌɈɊɈɀȾȿɇɂɃ. .................................................................................. 198

4.1 Ɋ

ȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɊȺɋɑȿɌȺ ɄɈɈɊȾɂɇȺɌ

ɉɈȾɋȿɑȿɄ ɋɅɈȿȼ ȼ ɊȺɁȼȿȾɈɑɇɈɃ ɋɄȼȺɀɂɇȿ

............................................... 198

4.2 Ɋ

ȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ

ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ ɇȺ ȻȺɁȿ ɇȿɅɂɇȿɃɇɈɃ ȺɉɉɊɈɄɋɂɆȺɐɂə ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ

ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ ɌɊɂȺɇȽɍɅəɐɂɂ

.............................................................................. 202

4.3 Ɋ

ȿȺɅɂɁȺɐɂə ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɇȿɅɂɇȿɃɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɋɌɊɈȿɇɂə

ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ ɋ ɍɑȿɌɈɆ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɈȼ ɁȺɅȿȽȺɇɂə ɋɅɈə

. . 221

4.4 ɉ

ɊɂɆȿɊ ɉɈɋɌɊɈȿɇɂə ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ ɉɈɑȼɕ ɉɅȺɋɌȺ ɋ ɉɈɆɈɓɖɘ

ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɊȺɋɑȿɌȺ ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ ɋ

ɍɑȿɌɈɆ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɈȼ ɁȺɅȿȽȺɇɂə

. .................................................................. 233

4.5 Ɇ

ȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɑɂɋɅȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɋɊȺȼɇȿɇɂə ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌȿɃ

............................................................................................... 239

4.6 Ɉ

ɐȿɇɄȺ ɆȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ɉɈɋɌɊɈȿɇɂə ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ

ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ ɇȺ ɉɊɂɆȿɊȿ ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ ɉɈɑȼɕ ɉɅȺɋɌȺ ɅȺȼɕ ʋ 6 ɒȺɏɌɕ

ȻȿɅɖɐȿȼɋɄȺə. ................................................................................................ 243

4.7 Ɇ

ɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɈɅȿɃ ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɉɈɄȺɁȺɌȿɅȿɃ

ɎɊȺɄɌȺɅɖɇɕɆɂ ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌəɆɂ

................................................................ 248

4.8 Ɇ

ȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɉɈɋɌɊɈȿɇɂə ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɌɈɅɓɂ

ɒȺɏɌɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɅə. ........................................................................................... 243

4.9 Ɇ

ȺɌȿɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɁɈɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɉɅɈɓȺȾɂ ɍȽɈɅɖɇɈȽɈ

ɉɅȺɋɌȺ

. .......................................................................................................... 261

4.10 ȼ

ɕȼɈȾɕ ɉɈ ɑȿɌȼȿɊɌɈɃ ȽɅȺȼȿ........................................................... 265

5 ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɊȿȺɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ-

ȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɈɉɌɂɆȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɈɌɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ

ɒȺɏɌɇɕɏ ɉɈɅȿɃ .................................................................................... 267

5.1 ɉ

ɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɇɕȿ ɂ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ

ɈɉɌɂɆȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɈɌɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɒȺɏɌɇɕɃ ɉɈɅȿɃ ɂ ɆȿɋɌɈɊɈɀȾȿɇɂɃ ɋ ɍɑȿɌɈɆ

ɄɈɇɄɍɊȿɇɌɇɈɃ ɋɉɈɋɈȻɇɈɋɌɂ ɍȽɅȿɃ

........................................................... 267

5.2 Ɋ

ȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɕ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ-

ȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɈɉɌɂɆȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɈɌɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɒȺɏɌɇɕɏ ɉɈɅȿɃ ɂ

ɆȿɋɌɈɊɈɀȾȿɇɂɃ

. .......................................................................................... 270

5.3 Ɋ

ȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌɕ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇɈ-ȺɇȺɅɂɌɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ

ɈɉɌɂɆɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɈɌɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɒȺɏɌɇɕɏ ɉɈɅȿɃ ɂ ɆȿɋɌɈɊɈɀȾȿɇɂɃ

...ɈɒɂȻɄȺ!

ȺɄɅȺȾɄȺ ɇȿ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇȺ.

6 ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ. ...................................................................................... 276

7 ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ. .................................................................... 280

ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.

ɍɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ.

ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɹ, ɫ 1988 ɩɨ 1997

ɝ. ɞɨɛɵɱɚ ɭɝɥɹ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ 435 ɞɨ 234,3 ɦɥɧ. ɬ. [32], ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɚɧɚɰɢɢ ɲɚɯɬ.

ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨ ɫ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɭɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ

ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɋɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜ

ɜɢɞɟ ɞɨɬɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɶɝɨɬ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɵɱɭ ɭɝɥɹ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɟ

ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɥɚ ɪɹɞ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ

ɟɳɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬɫɹ.

ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ XXI-ɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɵ ɭɝɨɥɶɳɢɤɚɦ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ

ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɤ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɫɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ

ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ.

ɍɝɨɥɶɳɢɤɚɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɭɝɨɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɛɵ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧ

ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ, ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ

[167]. Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ

ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɢ ɦɚɡɭɬ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ

ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ,

ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ, ɩɪɢɥɢɜɵ, ɜɟɬɟɪ, ɬɟɩɥɨ ɧɟɞɪ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ. ɇɨ ɢɯ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ

ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ,

ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɛɥɚɱɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɬɪɟɧɵɯ ɞɧɟɣ, ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ

ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɨɣ, ɝɟɣɡɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɑɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ,

ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɜɟɡɞɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɟ

ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ. ɑɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ

ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɚɧɟɤɚɤɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ.

ɍɝɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɝɚɡɭ ɢ ɫɨɥɹɪɤɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ, ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɧɚ

ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ

ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɥɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɦɚɡɭɬɚ,

ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫ 1998 ɝɨɞɚ

ɧɚɦɟɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥɶ. ɂ ɷɬɚ

ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɹɜɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ⱦɨɛɵɱɚ ɭɝɥɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ

ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ-ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2001 ɝɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 94,45 ɦɥɧ. ɬ. ɢ

ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɥɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ 1,98 ɦɥɧ. ɬ. ɢɥɢ ɧɚ 2,1% [46]. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ

ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɢɫɬ Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɫɫɭɞɭ ɊȺɈ ȿɋ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥɶ ɢ ɦɚɡɭɬ.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ

ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɭɝɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ.

ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɍɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɇɨ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ

ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɭɝɨɥɶ, ɚ ɭɝɨɥɶ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ

ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦ, ɢ,

ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ,

ɭɝɨɥɶɳɢɤɚɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɭɝɨɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɛɵ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧ

ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ, ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ. Ⱦɨɛɵɱɚ

ɭɝɥɟɣ, ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ

ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɭɜɹɡɤɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ,

ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɦɟɫɬɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ

ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ

ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ, ɛɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ

ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɩɪɨɫ, ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɨɤɭɩɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɲɚɯɬɵ, ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɢɥɢ

ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.

ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɚɯɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:

- ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ,

ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɭɝɥɹ ɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦ;

- ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ, ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ

ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɝɨ;

- ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ;

- ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɝɥɹ (ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ

ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɝɨ), ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.

ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɲɚɯɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ,

ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨ

ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ

ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɝɥɹ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɬ,

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɭɝɥɹ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɨɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɤɚɤ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ

ɭɝɨɥɶɳɢɤɚɦ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɲɚɯɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ

ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ: ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɵɧɤɚ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ

ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɩɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɢ

ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɢɩɫɨɦɟɬɪɢɸ ɢ

ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɝɥɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɥɹ

ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɟɦɨɱɧɵɯ

ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ

ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɹ.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ

ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɝɨ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ

ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ, ɪɚɡɧɨɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɯ, ɝɢɛɤɨ

ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɲɚɯɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

ȼ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ

ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɵ. ɇɨ, ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɦ

ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ

ɧɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ, ɪɚɡɨɛɳɟɧɵ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ

ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ. Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɦɨɳɶ

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɢɝɚɧɬɫɤɢɯ

ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ

ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ

ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ, ɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ - ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ

ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,

ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɨɪɧɨ-

ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɢɯ

ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ [57, 91, 106, 172, 196]. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,

ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɬ. ɉɨ

ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ,

ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ

ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ

ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ

ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɜ ɬɟɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ, ɝɞɟ ɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɟɱɟɬɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ

ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ

ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.

ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ

ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɜɫɬɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ɟɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɧɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ,

ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɚɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ

ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɥɢ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦɢ ɨɬ

ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ? Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɷɬɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ

ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ? ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶ

ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ, ɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɚ

ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ «ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ» ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.

ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ

ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ

ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɡɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ʉɚɤ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ

ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ? Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,

ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ Ƚɢɝɚ-, ɜ Ɍɟɪɚ-, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɉɟɬɚ-, ɚ ɜɫɤɨɪɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɗɤɫɚɛɚɣɬɚɯ,

ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɷɬɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ

ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ (ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ) ɟɞɢɧɢɰ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ

ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ

ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ

ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ.

Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ

ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ- ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ

ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɲɚɯɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ

ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ

ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɣ. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɧɟ ɪɚɦɨɤ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ,

ɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ.