Кубрин С.С. Теория анализа и синтеза информационно-аналитических систем оптимальной отработки шахтных полей и месторождений

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ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ 2-ɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ

ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ

ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ 2-ɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ

ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɟ ɭɝɥɹ,

ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɯ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɨɛɳɟɲɚɯɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ.

Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ 1-ɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ

ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɢɩɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ

ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɭɸ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ

ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɭɝɥɹ.

ɋɪɟɞɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɵ

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɜɵɟɦɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ:

ɞɥɢɧɚ ɥɚɜɵ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɨɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ [14, 15], ɬ.ɟ. ɨɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ

ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ

ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɣ (ɬ/ɫɭɬ.), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɹɦɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ

ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ

ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɭɝɥɹ.

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɢ

ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ

ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 200-400ɬ/ɫɭɬɤɢ, ɚɜ

ɡɚɛɨɹɯ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ (ɄɆɁ), ɫɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ

ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ

ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ, ɚ ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ – ɧɚ 2 ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ.

Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ, ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ

ɄɆɁ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ

(ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɟɩɟɣ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɝɨɜ),

ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɚɜɚɯ, ɄɆɁ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚɯ:

1). ɋ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ 35q ɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ 0,8ɦ.

ɍɝɨɥ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ.

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ 0,8ɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ

ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɯɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ (ɆɄȾ-90), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ

ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɨɜ Ʉȼɉ-1 ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɟɩɟɣ ɄɆɉ (I-ɣ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪ),

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɫɧɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɢ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ.

2). ɇɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚɯ ɫ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ 90 q ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɳɢɬɵ ɢ ȺɄ-3 ɫ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ

- ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 600 ɬ/ɫɭɬ.

ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɨɛɪɭɲɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ

ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ

ɦɟɯɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɚ ɞɨ 1,1ɦ (ɩɨ ɨɩɵɬɭ ɪɚɛɨɬ).

Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ

ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ

ɦɟɯɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟ

ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɜɵɟɦɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɥɛɵ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 400ɦ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ

ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 5ɤɦ/ɤɦ

), ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɟɱɤɢ

ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵ ɜ ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɨ-Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ, ɚ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ

Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ.

Ɂɚɩɚɫɵ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ

ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ, ɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɧɟ

ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɟɫɶɦɚ

ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.

Ɂɚɩɚɫɵ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɄɆɁ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɭɝɥɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ

ɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɛɨɣ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1.2) [129].

Ɍɚɛɥ. 1.2

Ƚɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ

ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ

Ɍɢɩɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ

ȼɵɧɢ-

ɦɚɟɦɚɹ

ɦɨɳ-

ɧɨɫɬɶ,

Ɍɪɭɞɧɨ-

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟ-

ɦɚɹ

Ʌɟɝɤɨ- ɢ

ɫɪɟɞɧɟɭɩɪɚ-

ɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ

ɍɝɨɥ

ɩɚɞɟ-

ɧɢɹ

ɩɥɚɫ-

ɬɚ,

ɝɪɚɞ.

Ⱦɥɢɧɚ

ɥɚɜɵ,

Ɍɢɩ

Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɧɚɪɭ-

ɲɟɧɧɨɫ-

ɬɢ

ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ

ɧɚ

ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨ

ɣ ɡɚɛɨɣ,

ɬ/ɫɭɬ.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 600

0-18 200

2 480

1 480

0,7-0,9 ɄɆ-137 ɆɄȾ-90

19-35

2 340

1 1000

0-18 200

2 800

1 800

0,91-

1,2

ɄȻɉ

ɄɆ-137

ɆɄȾ-90

19-35 150

2 600

1,21-

1,5

ɄɆ-

138.4.1.

ɄɆ-138.2.1

ɄɆɄ-500

ɆɄȾ-90

0-18 200 1 1500

1,51-

1,8

ɄɆ-

138.4.1

ɄɆ-144Ȼ

ɄɆ-

700/800

ɄɆ-138.2.1

ɄɆɄ-500

ɆɄȾ-90

0-18 200 1 2000

ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.2.

Ɍɢɩɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ

ȼɵɧɢ-

ɦɚɟɦɚɹ

ɦɨɳ-

ɧɨɫɬɶ,

Ɍɪɭɞɧɨ-

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟ-

ɦɚɹ

Ʌɟɝɤɨ- ɢ

ɫɪɟɞɧɟɭɩɪɚ-

ɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ

ɍɝɨɥ

ɩɚɞɟ-

ɧɢɹ

ɩɥɚɫ-

ɬɚ,

ɝɪɚɞ.

Ⱦɥɢɧɚ

ɥɚɜɵ,

Ɍɢɩ

Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɧɚɪɭ-

ɲɟɧɧɨɫ-

ɬɢ

ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ

ɧɚ

ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨ

ɣ ɡɚɛɨɣ,

ɬ/ɫɭɬ.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 3000

0-18 200

2 2500

1 2500

1,81-

2,5

ɄɆ-

138.4.1

ɄɆ-144Ȼ

ɄɆ-

700/800

ɄɆ-138.2.1

ɄɆɄ-500

ɄɆ-146

19-35 150

2 2000

1 5000

0-18 200

2 4000

1 4000

2,51-

5,0

ɄɆ-142

ɄɆ-145Ɋ

ɄɆ-144Ʉ

19-35 150

2 3000

Ɍɢɩɵ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ:

1 – ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10% ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ;

2 – ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɞɨ 30% ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ;

3 – ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɫɬɨɥɛɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ

ɧɚɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɫɬɨɥɛɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ 400 ɦ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚɯ ɫ

3-ɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɛɨɣ ɈȺɈ

«Ƚɢɩɪɨɭɝɥɟɦɚɲɟɦ» ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ

ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɚ:

1. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɚ (Q

ɬ.ɤ.

)

ɬ.ɤ.

= N

/ɗ

, ɬ/ɱɚɫ,

ɝɞɟ N

- ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɚ

ɧɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ;

- ɷɧɟɪɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɭɝɥɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɣɧɵɣ

ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪ, ɤȼɬ-ɱ/ɬ (ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ 0,5 ɤȼɬ-ɱ/ɬ)

2. ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɚ (Q

ɷ.ɤ.

)

ɷ.ɤ.

= Q

ɬ.ɤ

.  Ʉ

ɢ.ɤ.

, ɬ/ɱɚɫ,

ɝɞɟ Ʉ

ɢ.ɤ

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ

ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɚ; ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 0,3 ɞɨ 0,8 ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɲɧɟɤɚ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ.

3. ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɨɣ (Q

ɡ.

)

ɷ.ɤ.

 Ʉ

ɦɜ

 t, ɬ/ɫɭɬ,

ɝɞɟ Ʉ

ɦɜ

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɚ;

t – ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ (18 ɱɚɫ).

ȼɟɫɶ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ

ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɄɆɁ, ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ

ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ

ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ:

- ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ (ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ

3000 ɬ/ɫɭɬ.);

- ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ (ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ 1000-3000 ɬ/ɫɭɬ.);

- ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ (ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1000

ɬ/ɫɭɬ.).

ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɢɩɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ (ɬɚɛɥ. 1.2) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.

Ɉɛɳɟɲɚɯɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ

ɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ 2 ɬɢɩɚ

ɲɚɯɬ: ɲɚɯɬɵ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɝɚɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɢ

ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ (ɩɪɢ ɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10 ɦ

/ɬ) ɢ

ɲɚɯɬɵ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɝɚɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɭ ɢ ɫ

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɩɪɢ ɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 ɦ

/ɬ ).

1.7 Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ

ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.

ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ

ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ [41], ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ

ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɝɥɹ.

ɂɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ. Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ. ȼɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɸ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ

ɩɨɪɨɞ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ.

Ɏɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɢ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɡɚɪɢɫɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ

ɢɥɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɢ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ. Ɉɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɚ,

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɰɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ, ɢɡɥɨɦɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ,

ɨɛɜɨɞɧɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɰɜɟɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɥɨɹɯ.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɭɪɹɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ

ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɫ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ

ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɈɋɌɨɦ 9815-75 [100] ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɛɨɪ

ɩɪɨɛ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɲɚɯɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜ. Ȼɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ

ɩɨɪɨɞ. ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɛ.

ɉɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɞ,

ɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ,

ɫɢɥɢɤɨɡɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɟɜ.

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

ɜɫɤɪɵɲɧɵɯ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜ

ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ. ȿɺ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ

ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ

ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɨɣɤɨɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ

ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ (ɧɟ ɨɛɪɭɲɚɬɶɫɹ) ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɜ

ɝɨɪɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ

ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ,

ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɩɨɱɜɭ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ

ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɭɝɥɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɺ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɝɨɪɧɵɣ

ɦɚɫɫɢɜ. ɉɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ:

ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɟɦɤɚ ɭɝɥɹ, ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɟɩɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ

ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɝɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɯ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ,

ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ [41], ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɠɧɨɣ

ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ, ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ

ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢ ɥɢɲɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɲɟɥ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ,

ɨɛɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɤɪɨɜɥɹ.

Ʌɨɠɧɚɹ ɩɨɱɜɚ [41] - ɷɬɨ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ

ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɦ. ɗɬɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ

ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɟ ɭɝɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɚɯ ɫ

ɤɪɭɬɵɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɥɡɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ.

ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɱɜɚ - ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɣɤɢ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɡɚɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ

ɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɥɡɚɧɢɟ

ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɩɨɱɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ

ɫɤɥɨɧɧɚ ɤ ɩɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ,

ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɵ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɨɛɜɨɞɧɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ

ɩɨɱɜɚ – ɩɨɪɨɞɵ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ.

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ

ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ

ɤɟɪɧɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɞɨɥɶ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɞ.

Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ

ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ

ɩɨ ɉɪɨɬɨɞɶɹɤɨɧɨɜɭ, ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɉɭɚɫɫɨɧɚ, ɦɨɞɭɥɹ

ɫɞɜɢɝɚ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ,

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɪɬɨɜ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɚ [175, 183], ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɫɞɜɢɝɭ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɟ ɨɬ ɭɝɥɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ,

ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɵɩɭɱɟɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɪɵɯɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.

Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ

ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɡɚɛɨɹ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ,

ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɬɤɢɦɢ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɚɦɢ. ɋɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ

ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ, ɬɪɟɳɢɧɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɤɪɢɜɵɟ

ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ, ɪɨɡɵ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚ. Ⱦɥɹ

ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ

ɫɬɪɨɹɬ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɢɡɨɥɢɧɢɹɯ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ

ɜɵɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ

ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɟɦɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɹ.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

ɡɚɛɨɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ. ɗɬɨ

ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɹ ɫɤɚɥɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ,

ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ

ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɥɚɧ

ɛɭɪɨɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɫɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬɶ ɜɡɪɵɜɱɚɬɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ

ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɵɯɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɢ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ.

Ʉɪɟɩɤɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɦ

ɩɥɚɫɬɟ, ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɞɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɇɚ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɯ

ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɷɤɫɤɚɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ),

ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɤɪɵɲɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɯ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ

ɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ

ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɫɬɟ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ,

ɨɬɦɟɱɚɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɬɢɩ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ,

ɬɪɟɳɢɧɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ

ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɯ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɫ

ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɨɬɤɨɫɚɯ ɭɫɬɭɩɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɨɟ

ɛɭɪɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɚɯɬɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧɚ

ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ, ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɨɥɨɦɤɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ

ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɢɫɤɪɚ ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɢ

ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɛɨɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɧɚ ɢ

ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ.

ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɜɡɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɛ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ

ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ

ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ,

ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɭɝɥɹ, ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ

ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ

ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɧɵɦ ɭɞɚɪɚɦ,

ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɵɦ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚɦ, ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ

ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.

Ƚɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɲɚɯɬɚɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ

ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ

ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ

ɩɪɨɛɵ (ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȽɈɋɌɭ 9815-75 [100]), ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ

ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɯ

ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɬɨɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ

ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ, ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ

ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɢɬɨɤɢ, ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ

ɜɨɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɟɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɲɚɯɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ

ɜɨɞɨɟɦɵ, ɜɨɞɨɬɨɤɢ, ɨɜɪɚɝɢ, ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɨɩɨɥɡɧɟɣ,

ɫɭɮɮɨɡɢɣ, ɦɭɥɶɞ ɫɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɬɪɟɳɢɧɵ, ɩɪɨɜɚɥɵ, ɜɨɪɨɧɤɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ⱦɥɹ

ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ

ɞɨɛɵɱɭ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɝɨ, ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɭ

ɜɨɞɵ.

ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ

ɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɦ ʋ 348 [113] ɢʋ 586 [114], ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ

ɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ:

ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɟɦɨɱɧɨɝɨ

ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ (ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɹ), ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɟ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ (ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ

ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶ) ɩɨ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɫɬɭ, ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ

ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ, ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹɦ,

ɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɢɹɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨ

ɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɸ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭ

ɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɛɥɢɡɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ, ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɨɣ ɜɵɟɦɤɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ

ɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ, ɢɯ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ

ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ

ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɨɫɬɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɝɢɛɵ, ɮɥɟɤɫɭɪɵ,

ɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ - ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ