Knapp J.S., Cabrera W.L. Metabolomics: Metabolites, Metabonomics, and Analytical Technologies
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Index
257
food safety, 177
Ford, 109
formula, 23, 26, 28, 54, 57, 143
fractal analysis, 100, 101, 102, 118
fractal dimension, viii, 88, 98, 100, 101, 102, 107,
118
fractal structure, 102
fragments, 126, 137, 141, 184, 191, 195
France, 1
freedom, 28, 29, 69, 102
freezing, 169, 176, 179, 180
fructose, 96, 115
FTIR, 165
fumarate hydratase, 96
functional analysis, 83, 145, 226
functional MRI, 80
fungi, 129, 145, 190, 195
G
gastrointestinal tract, 190, 198, 199
gel, 147, 194, 198
gene expression, xi, 81, 85, 94, 98, 101, 115, 117,
154, 185, 186, 202, 205, 213, 229, 231, 232, 241
genes, vii, x, xi, 90, 94, 96, 97, 99, 104, 110, 115,
122, 163, 164, 171, 172, 174, 179, 182, 183, 184,
185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195,
196, 197, 199, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 212, 213,
229, 231, 232, 235, 237, 239, 248
genetic alteration, 208
genetic diversity, 197
genetic information, x, 181, 203
genetic programming, 82
genetics, 171, 172, 177, 183, 204
genome, vii, x, xi, 2, 83, 88, 94, 95, 99, 110, 123,
124, 145, 182, 183, 185, 189, 190, 193, 198, 200,
201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 209, 212, 213, 226, 229,
230, 231, 235
genomics, vii, x, xi, 85, 109, 110, 111, 116, 122,
144, 145, 163, 171, 174, 175, 176, 179, 181, 182,
190, 191, 194, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207,
208, 211, 212, 228, 229, 232, 234, 238, 240
genotype, viii, 87, 94, 171, 172, 174, 178, 179, 205
Germany, 118, 147, 172, 249
gland, 105, 247, 249, 250, 251
glasses, 150, 177
glucose, viii, 81, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99,
105, 106, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 232, 236
glutamate, 113
glutathione, 104, 156, 244
glycerol, 145
glycolysis, viii, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98,
108, 111, 112, 113, 116
glycoproteins, 129
graph, 219, 224, 235, 236, 241
gravity, 46, 99, 117
Greece, 172
green revolution, 180
grouping, 40, 51, 52, 85
growth factor, 95, 115, 213
growth rate, 235
H
habitats, 182, 184, 193
halophyte, 166
haplotypes, 202
hardwoods, 172, 178
health status, 203, 205
heart disease, 96
heart failure, 129, 146
height, 62
hemoglobin, 157, 236
hepatic stellate cells, 213
hepatocarcinogenesis, 96, 115, 116
hepatocellular carcinoma, 96, 115, 116
hepatocytes, 96
hepatoma, 93, 113, 114
heterogeneity, viii, 20, 62, 87, 94, 101
homeostasis, 95, 119, 190, 203, 244, 245, 246, 247,
249
homogeneity, 57, 61, 78
host, xi, 101, 182, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 194, 203,
205, 209
human brain, 110, 111
human genome, 202
human papilloma virus, 112
Hunter, 80, 85, 238
hybrid, 128, 137, 142, 166, 199, 217, 225, 230, 239
hybridization, 182, 185, 189, 197, 199
hydrogen, 131, 193
hydrogen peroxide, 193
hydrolases, 188, 191, 193
hydrolysis, 127, 188, 190
hydroxyl, 92
hyperplasia, 251
hypothesis, 80, 92, 95, 96, 175, 244, 246, 248
hypoxia, 95, 108, 114
hypoxia-inducible factor, 94, 114
I
Iceland, 172
images, 100, 140, 141, 142, 160, 231
imbalances, 202, 245, 247, 249
immune response, 233
immune system, 187, 190
immunity, 182, 197, 205
impacts, 165, 175
impurities, 191
in vivo, 91, 92, 111, 185, 190, 233, 249
independence, 50
independent variable, 99, 102
India, 181, 201
induction, 168, 170, 233, 240, 244, 246, 249
Index
258
industrialized societies, 190
infancy, 144, 211
inhibition, viii, 87, 89, 104
inhibitor, 89, 97
initial state, 220
initiation, vii, viii, xii, 87, 95, 97, 216, 243, 244, 245,
249, 250
insulin, 94, 96
insulin resistance, 96
integration, 89, 130, 132, 196
interface, 101, 118, 128, 136, 153, 156, 202, 213,
231, 235, 239
interference, 89, 175
interphase, 202
interruptions, 140
intervention, 210
intestine, 190
ionization, ix, 121, 122, 128, 131, 133, 134, 138,
139, 140, 141, 150, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159,
160
ionizing radiation, 154
ions, vii, 125, 126, 128, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138,
141, 142, 244
iron, 92
ischemia, 145
isoflavonoid, 89
isolation, ix, x, 99, 121, 124, 149, 181, 184, 185, 198
isomers, 143
isoprene, 167
isotope, 82, 93, 148, 152
isozyme, 113
Italy, 87, 121, 172, 215
J
Japan, 227
K
ketones, 160
kidney, 95, 129, 151, 152, 245, 249, 251
kinase activity, 93
kinetics, 98
knowledge discovery, 217
Krebs cycle, 93, 96, 97, 113
L
labeling, 158, 185
lactate level, 92, 112
lactation, 193
lactic acid, 88
landscape, 81, 165, 175
large intestine, 190
laser ablation, 160
leadership, 123
learning, xi, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225,
226, 227, 240
legume, 168
lesions, 95, 118
leukemia, 114
light beam, 125
linear model, 21, 22, 23, 26, 65, 238
lipases, 188, 198
lipid metabolism, 95, 116, 188, 192
lipids, 92, 97, 135, 140, 141
lipoproteins, 129
liquid chromatography, 90, 124, 148, 150, 151, 153,
154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 206
liquids, 128
liver, 93, 95, 96, 97, 112, 115, 116, 142, 147, 204,
245, 249
liver cells, 96
livestock, vii, x, xi, 181, 191, 192, 193, 194, 199,
201, 204, 205
localization, 141
locus, 250
logic programming, 219, 227
low temperatures, 130
lymphocytes, 97
lymphoid, 190
lymphoid tissue, 190
M
machine learning, xi, 82, 151, 211, 215, 216, 217,
219, 225, 233
machinery, 216, 217, 219
macromolecules, 92
magnetic resonance, 110, 111, 123, 205
magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 110, 123
MALDI, ix, 122, 128, 133, 141, 158, 159, 160
malignancy, xii, 93, 95, 99, 243
malignant growth, 97
malignant melanoma, 117, 118
mammalian tissues, 158
management, x, 166, 201, 235
manipulation, viii, 88, 91, 98, 136, 173, 187, 192
mapping, 158, 230, 232, 237, 241
markers, 81, 146, 187, 195, 199, 203, 207
mass spectrometry, ix, x, 90, 121, 123, 126, 134,
141, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156,
157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 172, 175, 179, 205,
206, 210, 249
matrix, vii, ix, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16,
17, 18, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 41, 42,
44, 46, 47, 50, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 85, 90,
93, 122, 130, 133, 139, 143, 159
mechanical stress, 99
media, 91, 111, 130
median, 65
Mediterranean, 166, 178
membranes, 101, 103, 142
meningioma, 110
Index
259
metabolic disorder, 149, 202
metabolic pathways, viii, ix, 2, 4, 14, 33, 35, 38, 95,
96, 98, 108, 114, 121, 124, 216, 217, 219, 225,
226, 227, 231, 232, 235, 236, 239, 240, 241
metabolism, vii, viii, x, xi, xii, 4, 11, 82, 84, 87, 88,
89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 105, 106, 108,
109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 122, 129, 130,
152, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173,
174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 185, 190, 196,
202, 204, 209, 229, 230, 232, 234, 239, 240, 241,
243, 244, 246, 249, 250
metabolizing, 233, 240
metabolome, viii, 82, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 97, 98, 99,
102, 104, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 122, 123, 124,
129, 133, 138, 143, 144, 145, 146, 154, 156, 157,
158, 159, 161, 165, 167, 169, 170, 172, 174, 175,
177, 205, 206, 208, 216, 228, 232, 233, 238, 240
metastasis, viii, 87, 97, 109, 117
metastatic cancer, 88, 104
methanol, 130, 132, 140
methodology, xi, 182, 215, 224
methylation, 244, 245, 246, 247
mice, 153, 245, 247, 250, 251
microbial cells, 196
microbial communities, 182, 183, 190, 191, 196
microbial community, 182, 183, 184
microbial metagenomics, vii, 182, 183, 193, 194
microgravity, 99, 117
micronutrients, 202, 212
microscope, 183
microscopy, 100
microsomes, 147
miniaturization, 206
mining, 144, 217, 218, 219, 223, 224, 225, 227
mitochondria, 93, 97, 103, 112, 113, 116
mitochondrial DNA, 115
mitogen, 94, 115
MLT, 224
modeling, xi, xii, 84, 85, 110, 215, 216, 217, 219,
220, 221, 225, 226, 227, 230, 238, 240
modelling, 11, 145, 146, 165, 172, 175, 227, 228
modification, viii, 88, 89, 95, 98, 99, 104, 107, 202
modules, 85, 236
molecular biology, ix, 88, 122, 193, 196, 232
molecular structure, xi, 229, 233
molecular weight, 123, 128, 129, 208
molecules, x, 99, 107, 123, 128, 133, 140, 141, 142,
159, 184, 186, 201, 203, 206, 209, 211, 216, 233,
234
monitoring, 91, 138, 212, 233
morphogenesis, 103
morphology, 99, 101, 103, 107, 109, 117, 118
motif, 198
motivation, 217
mRNA, x, 90, 94, 111, 163, 185, 206
multidimensional, 91, 144, 206, 207
multiple regression, 67
multipotent, 117
multivariate data analysis, 81
multivariate distribution, 70, 78
multivariate statistics, 124, 210
mutant, 155
mutation, 94, 231
mutations, xii, 90, 110, 144, 243, 244, 246, 248, 249,
250
myeloid metaplasia, 96
myogenesis, 205
N
NAD, 92, 113
NADH, 92
natural habitats, x, 181
neoplastic tissue, 111
nervous system, 110
network elements, 235
neural network, 83, 178, 179, 233
neural networks, 179, 233
neuroblastoma, 149
neurodegenerative diseases, 249
nitrogen, 130, 164, 170, 175, 176, 179, 194, 195, 196
nodes, 9, 236
noise, 138, 142, 143, 158
Norway, 172
nuclear magnetic resonance, ix, x, 82, 83, 90, 91,
102, 106, 107, 110, 111, 121, 123, 124, 138, 141,
145, 146, 147, 152, 155, 163, 166, 167, 172, 173,
174, 177, 178, 180, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211,
213, 216, 231
nuclear receptors, 233
nuclei, 103
nucleic acid, x, 89, 93, 96, 109, 115, 181, 184, 185,
189, 206
nucleic acid synthesis, 93
nucleotides, 108
nucleus, 103, 104, 117, 119
nutraceutical, 203
nutrients, 95, 167, 170, 190, 191, 193, 195, 202, 203,
204, 210, 211
nutrition, 180, 182, 190, 192, 193, 194, 196, 202,
203, 204, 205, 212, 213
O
obesity, 116
olive oil, 172, 178, 179
oncogenes, 94
opportunities, ix, x, 114, 122, 128, 139, 144, 177,
181, 188, 202, 203, 206
Opportunities, 114
optimization, ix, xii, 83, 110, 122, 139, 230, 235
ordinal data, 47
organ, vii, x, 89, 166, 201, 238
organelles, 185
organic compounds, 125, 160, 178
organic solvents, 130
Index
260
organism, 89, 108, 122, 123, 183, 203, 205, 206,
210, 211, 216, 232, 233
organizing, 95
orthogonality, 44, 50
oscillations, 4
ovarian cancer, 116
overproduction, 116
oxidation, 88, 89, 92, 113, 159, 244, 245
oxidative damage, 92
oxidative reaction, 89
oxidative stress, 156, 167, 168
oximes, 131
oxygen, viii, 87, 88, 92, 96, 98, 108, 232
oxygen consumption, 87, 108
ozone, 164, 167, 168, 171, 177, 178
P
p53, 155
pancreas, 142
pancreatic cancer, 115
Partial Least Squares, 172, 173
partial least-squares, 154
partition, 51, 148, 150
pathogens, 164, 165, 187
pathology, 101, 117, 118
pathways, viii, x, xi, 4, 18, 37, 83, 87, 89, 93, 94, 95,
96, 97, 98, 99, 107, 108, 112, 113, 161, 163, 165,
171, 178, 194, 205, 209, 211, 218, 225, 226, 227,
228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237,
239, 241, 244
pattern recognition, 83, 146
PCA, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 105, 107,
108, 164, 167, 168, 169, 172, 173, 211, 238
PCR, 183, 184, 185, 186, 189, 199
Pearson correlations, 27, 28, 30, 47
peptides, 148, 155, 159, 187, 192, 194, 212
performance, 90, 126, 128, 130, 135, 150, 151, 153,
154, 205, 217, 232
peroxide, 92
PET, 88, 109
phage, 183, 192
pharmacogenetics, 212
pharmacogenomics, 203
phenotype, viii, 16, 87, 88, 90, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99,
101, 102, 103, 107, 108, 110, 114, 117, 119, 122,
144, 145, 152, 164, 166, 168, 171, 174, 177, 178,
203, 205, 209, 211, 233
phospholipids, 93, 142, 145
phosphorylation, 88, 92, 93, 96, 97, 115, 116
photosynthesis, 176
physical activity, 96
physical sciences, 84
physics, 102
physiology, xi, 2, 89, 111, 164, 173, 177, 183, 205,
206, 208, 229, 238
phytoremediation, 167, 180
Pinus halepensis, 167
plants, 3, 81, 83, 123, 126, 129, 132, 151, 154, 157,
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173,
175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 232
plasma levels, 245
plasticity, 97, 119
platform, 137, 138, 151, 154, 207, 210, 211, 232,
233, 240
pleiotropy, 110
polarity, 128, 136
polarization, 178
pollination, 166
pollution, 164, 165, 168, 180, 193
polymerase, 197, 198
polymerase chain reaction, 197, 198
polymers, 80
polymorphism, 14, 15, 20, 80, 171
polymorphisms, 202
polyphenols, 155
positive correlation, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 50
potato, 178
poultry, 187, 193, 205
prebiotics, 187, 193
precipitation, 129, 130, 132
predicate, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224
preeclampsia, 129, 146
primary function, 97
principal component analysis, 143, 164, 211
probability, 3, 10, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224,
225, 226, 247
probability distribution, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222,
224, 225
probability theory, 217
productivity, 136, 187, 199
prognosis, 109, 145
programming, 116
prokaryotes, 156, 159
prokaryotic cell, 181
proliferation, viii, xii, 88, 89, 92, 102, 104, 106, 108,
111, 112, 115, 116, 243
proposition, 144
prostate cancer, 250
protein sequence, vii
protein synthesis, 94, 119, 202, 203
proteins, vii, x, xi, 85, 90, 92, 98, 107, 117, 129, 130,
132, 141, 159, 163, 190, 194, 199, 201, 203, 205,
206, 216, 229, 230
proteome, xi, 2, 80, 81, 89, 90, 98, 112, 122, 123,
229
proteomics, ix, x, 89, 121, 122, 136, 141, 155, 160,
163, 175, 183, 201, 205, 206, 208, 233, 234, 237,
238, 240
proto-oncogene, 89, 94
public access, 232
pulp, 187, 190, 191
pumps, 207
purification, 183, 184, 188, 207
purity, 131, 184, 185, 191
p
yrimidine, 114
pyrolysis, 172, 179
Index
261
Q
quartile, 65
query, 161, 223
quinone, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 251
R
radiation, 96, 168, 175, 177
radicals, 92
Ramadan, 213
reactants, 226
reaction chains, 4
reaction mechanism, 80
reactions, viii, xi, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 37, 90, 93, 96, 98,
99, 100, 119, 130, 131, 159, 198, 215, 216, 217,
218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 231, 232,
234, 244
reading, 184
reality, 183
receptors, 99
recognition, xii, 83, 91, 147, 151, 173, 182, 243
recombinant DNA, 193
recommendations, 202, 230
reconstruction, viii, xi, 88, 146, 215, 236, 240
recurrence, 112
recycling, 92
reducing sugars, 131
redundancy, 236, 241
regeneration, 96
regression, 83
relatives, 180, 193
relevance, 95, 193
reliability, 134, 230
repair, 202, 249
replication, xii, 243
reproduction, 166
residuals, 81
residues, 206
resistance, 166, 167, 179, 195, 196
resolution, ix, 122, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131,
133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144,
148, 153, 154, 155, 159, 206, 207
resource allocation, 174, 175
resources, 33, 143, 161, 165, 169, 170, 190, 191,
237, 238, 241
respiration, 92, 95, 113
ribose, 89, 93, 108, 109, 113, 115
ribosomal RNA, 183, 185, 198
rings, 167
risk factors, 97
RNA, ix, x, 85, 90, 121, 122, 183, 184, 189, 197, 201
rodents, 96, 97
Royal Society, 177
S
salinity, 179
salts, 129, 133
scaling, 101, 136
scaling law, 101, 136
scatter, 22, 27, 28, 32, 36, 38, 65, 67, 69, 74
scatter plot, 22, 27, 28, 32, 36, 38, 65, 67, 69, 74
scattering, 81
screening, ix, x, 2, 88, 122, 128, 138, 139, 152, 154,
163, 170, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 196, 203, 210
second generation, 205
secretion, 62
segregation, 176
selectivity, ix, 81, 121, 206
self-organization, 102
semantics, 220, 225, 227
sensing, 99
sensitivity, ix, 33, 36, 69, 83, 89, 90, 91, 101, 109,
121, 123, 128, 131, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,
141, 144, 150, 159, 164, 206, 207, 233
sequencing, 183, 184, 189, 191, 197, 198, 199, 200,
205
serine, 92, 93, 112
serum, 126, 129, 130, 140, 147, 148, 153, 212
shape, viii, 18, 21, 22, 23, 64, 88, 98, 99, 100, 101,
102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 118, 119
sheep, 188, 193, 194, 199
shock, 169
shores, 172
shortage, 176
shrubland, 177
signal transduction, viii, 87, 94, 117
signaling pathway, 236, 241
signalling, 89, 94, 95, 97, 99, 115, 216, 233
signals, ix, 89, 99, 122, 123, 124, 139, 142, 155, 202,
203, 205
signs, 13, 21, 27, 74
silica, 127, 128, 135, 136, 156
silicon, ix, 122, 139, 150, 159
simulation, xii, 85, 157, 218, 225, 230, 239
skeletal muscle, 115
skin, 118, 247, 249
SNP, 171, 212, 231
software, x, 91, 124, 131, 138, 143, 163, 189, 191,
206, 207, 210, 211, 235, 237
solid phase, 100, 127, 132
solvents, 130, 132
soybeans, 153
space exploration, 117
spatial information, 141
species, xi, 83, 91, 92, 96, 131, 133, 141, 149, 164,
165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 182, 183,
184, 187, 189, 191, 193, 194, 195, 199, 229
species richness, 199
spectroscopy, ix, 90, 91, 95, 102, 110, 111, 114, 121,
146, 147, 150, 152, 174, 178, 180, 211
spindle, 102
Index
262
spleen, 153
squamous cell, 109
squamous cell carcinoma, 109
stable isotopes, 185
standard deviation, 26, 28, 47, 54
standardization, 54
statistics, 28, 29, 47, 82, 124, 210, 217
steroids, 110, 127, 129, 147, 148, 149, 151
stimulus, 33, 123
storage, 62, 144, 206
strategy use, 154
stratification, 57
streams, 195
stressors, 122, 165
stroma, 95, 101, 114
structural gene, 186
structural modifications, 107
subgroups, 211
substitution, 47
substrates, xi, 90, 91, 166, 175, 185, 229, 234, 238
succession, 7, 40
sucrose, 170
sulphur, 164
superimposition, 74
suppression, ix, 92, 122, 133, 135, 138, 139, 185,
187
survival, 112, 114, 189, 190, 195
susceptibility, 249
Sweden, 172
symbiosis, 190
symmetry, 26
syndrome, 96, 234, 240
synthesis, 34, 89, 93, 97, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108,
109, 190, 244, 250
system analysis, 8
T
T cell, 114
tannins, 170
tar, 98
taxonomy, 58, 177, 182, 189
temperature, 100, 130, 134, 148, 155, 164, 169, 175,
176, 177, 180, 194, 198, 219
tension, 117
terpenes, 167
test data, 153
testing, 28
testosterone, 244
Thailand, 229
therapeutic intervention, 89, 206
therapeutic interventions, 206
therapy, 91, 93
thermal stability, 130
thermodynamic parameters, 101
thermodynamics, 99, 100, 107, 118
threats, 177
threonine, 93, 112
thyroid, 113
tissue, viii, xi, 88, 89, 95, 97, 98, 99, 101, 103, 108,
111, 118, 122, 129, 132, 140, 141, 142, 153, 159,
160, 164, 195, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 229, 233,
234, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251
tobacco, 81
topology, 84, 100
toxicity, 146, 157, 187, 193, 206, 210
toxicology, 211
toxicology studies, 211
training, 172
traits, 164, 165, 167, 171, 172, 176, 178, 185, 189,
193
trajectory, 107
transcription, 90, 94
transcriptomics, ix, x, 89, 121, 122, 163, 176, 201,
208, 234, 240
transcripts, vii, 97, 169, 180, 207
transducer, 89
transduction, 231
transformation, 10, 23, 26, 54, 62, 73, 78, 92, 93, 94,
95, 112, 248
transformation processes, 10
transformations, 23, 24, 25, 48, 80, 190
transgene, 251
translation, 90, 97, 103
translocation, 104
transmission, 125
transport, 33, 94
tree-building, 52
trial, 171
TTGE, 188, 194
tumor, 93, 99, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 118,
232, 240, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251
tumor cells, 93, 109, 112, 113, 117, 232, 249
tumor growth, 109, 118
tumorigenesis, 112, 113, 251
tumors, xii, 109, 111, 114, 151, 243, 245, 246, 247,
249, 250
tumour growth, 89
tumours, viii, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 99, 101, 109,
110, 111, 112, 113, 118, 232
turnover, 80, 91
type 2 diabetes, 96
tyrosine, 89
U
United Kingdom, 117, 163, 165, 174, 178
urea, 129, 130
urine, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136, 138,
140, 147, 148, 149, 152, 154, 156, 157, 159, 231
UV light, 165
UV radiation, 177
Index
263
V
vaccine, 194
vacuum, 125
Valencia, 227
validation, 151, 155, 195
vapor, 128, 148
variance-covariance matrix, 64, 66
variations, 2, 4, 13, 23, 28, 36, 46, 64, 72, 232
vasculature, 174
vector, 46, 50, 67, 69, 185, 192, 217, 233, 236
vein, 172
velocity, 134
versatility, 235
viscosity, 134
visualization, 33, 74, 143, 235, 239, 240, 241
vitamins, 204
volatility, 127, 130
W
walking, 186, 195, 198
waste, 198, 207
water quality, 83
wealth, x, 181, 192
wild type, 164, 166
working groups, 143
wound healing, 108
X
xylem, 171
Y
yeast, 81, 83, 90, 109, 111, 123, 145, 146, 152, 183,
226
young adults, 149