HRW. Issue: September 2009
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http://hrw.hotims.com RS #5
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10 HRW / September 2009 www.hydroworld.com
despite challenges. In 2008, the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) approved US$400,000 to provide consultants for
safeguard monitoring of people affected by construction
of the project on Nam Theun River.
ADB included Nam Theun 2 in the recent favorable
assessment of its aid program to the energy sector in the
Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia.
Nam Theun 2 Power Co., a venture of EDF Interna-
tional, Italian-Thai Development, Electricity Generating
Plc. of Thailand, and Laos government-owned Electricite
du Laos, is building Nam Theun 2. The project includes
a 39-meter-tall dam, a 450-square-kilometer reservoir,
and a diversion of water from the Nam Theun to another
Mekong River tributary, the Xe Bang Fai River.
In 2005, the World Bank of cially decided to support
construction of Nam Theun 2. It is the largest public-pri-
vate hydro project built and one of the largest internationally
nanced projects in Asia since the 1997 nancial crisis.
Eurostudios-Ingetec wins award
El Salvador utility Comision Ejecutiva Hidroelectrica del
Rio Lempa (CEL) has awarded a contract for supervi-
sion of construction of the 67-MW El Chaparral hydro-
electric project on El Salvador’s Torola River.
CEL announced the award to a consortium, Eurostu-
dios-Ingetec. It took bids for the work in early 2008.
The consortium is to supervise de nitive design, con-
struction, assembly, testing and commissioning of El
Chaparral, an El Chaparral substation, and extension of
a substation at the 99.4-MW Cinco de Noviembre hy-
droelectric project on the Rio Lempa.
U.K. utility proposes two
major pumped-storage projects
United Kingdom utility Scottish and Southern Energy
plc (SSE) proposes building two new pumped-storage
projects of 300 to 600 MW each on the Great Glen,
which bisects Scotland from Inverness to Fort William.
SSE said June 29, 2009, that it will seek a formal opin-
ion from the Scottish Government on the scope of the
environmental impact statement it will develop in sup-
port of planning applications it plans to submit in 2011.
In May, SSE announced it plans to construct a 60-
MW pumped-storage plant adjoining its 152-MW Sloy
hydroelectric project near Loch Lomond in Scotland.
“Our goal is to maintain a diversi ed portfolio of power
stations, with the exibility to respond to customer demand
for electricity, while achieving a 50 percent reduction in
the carbon dioxide intensity of electricity produced,” SSE
Chief Executive Ian Marchant said. “Pumped storage can
help us achieve this goal and, after 30 years, I believe is a
technology whose time has come again.”
Subject to nal agreements and design, SSE envisions two
big pumped-storage plants that would be able to produce
more than 1,000 gigawatt-hours in a typical year to help meet
peak demand. It said in both cases, the projects would have
large upper reservoirs enabling generation for longer periods
without the need to pump water as soon from the loch below.
SSE said both projects would require construction of dams
to impound water for the upper reservoirs. However, pump-
ing and electric generating facilities are expected to be un-
derground, avoiding visual effects in the Great Glen itself.
They would be the rst pumped-storage schemes to
be developed in Great Britain since work began on the
1,728-MW Dinorwig project in 1974.
China builder to construct
Togo’s 147-MW Adjarala
Two-nation electric company Communaute Electrique
du Benin (CEB) has commissioned Chinese hydropower
construction company SinoHydro to build the 147-MW
Adjarala hydroelectric project between Togo and Benin
on Africa’s Mono River.
CEB signed a contract with SinoHydro in March for
construction of the 282 million euro (US$389 million)
project. Also signing the agreement were energy and wa-
ter ministers of Togo and Benin, which will own the proj-
ect upon completion.
Zurich Surety insures carbon
trade of Chile’s 19.4-MW Lircay
Financial services provider Zurich has been hired to pro-
vide trade credit insurance to cover carbon emissions
credit transactions of the 19.4-MW Lircay hydroelectric
project on the Lircay River in Chile’s Region VII.
Zurich’s Surety, Credit, and Political Risk group was
commissioned by credit risk broker Alliant Emerging
Markets to mitigate political and counterparty default
risks for CQuest Capital, which is advancing funds to the
US$49 million Lircay, also called Hidromaule.
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POWER SOLUTIONS
MARELLI MOTORI S.p.A.
VIA SABBIONARA 1 - 36071 ARZIGNANO (VI) - ITALY
(T) +39 0444 479 711 - (F) +39 0444 479 888
www.marellimotori.com
sales@marellimotori.com
http://hrw.hotims.com RS #6
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12 HRW / September 2009 www.hydroworld.com
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www.hydroworld.com September 2009 / HRW 13
T
he turbine is one of many vital pieces of
equipment required to generate electricity
in a hydroelectric plant. At three hydro projects
in Europe, owners have applied innovations and
made modi cations designed to make the best use
of this valuable piece of equipment. Turbine and
mechanical component work featured in this arti-
cle includes: installing a turbine above the tailwater
level, modifying the nozzles for a Pelton turbine to
increase performance, and incorporating a smaller
turbine that rotates counter to the larger units at a
pumped-storage facility. These innovations in the
design and selection of turbines and other mechan-
ical components are saving money, improving unit
ef ciency, and allowing greater plant exibility.
Installing a larger, higher unit
to save excavation costs
When rehabilitating the 2.8-MW Ludvika plant
on the Kolbacksan River in Sweden, owner Vast-
erbergslagens Kraft AB needed to replace the two
Francis units. These units, which began operat-
ing in 1930 and 1941, were taken out of operation
in January 2007 to prepare for plant rehabilita-
tion. At that time, Anlaggningsentreprenader
Hogtryck AB of Sweden received a US $3.8 mil-
lion contract for the civil work.
The company received proposals from two
vendors to install turbines with a runner diameter
of 1.6 meters to 1.7 meters and a small ywheel.
However, to avoid cavitation damage these units
would have to be set far lower than the 138-meter
tailwater level. This would entail extensive, and
expensive, excavation.
Another bidder — a consortium of Koessler in
Austria and Lloyd Dynamowerke in Germany —
proposed to use a Kaplan turbine with a diameter
of 2.12 meters. A larger unit would be more expen-
sive, in terms of manufacturing costs, the larger
generator with more poles, and a larger ywheel.
However, the design of this unit would allow it to
be installed at an elevation of 139 meters, 1 meter
above the maximum tailwater level. This would
save US$400,000 in excavation costs and con-
struction time. As a result, installation of the larger
Kaplan unit would be US$200,000 to US$300,000
less expensive than the smaller units. Vasterberg-
slagens Kraft chose this option. Koessler supplied
the Kaplan turbine and Lloyd Dynamowerke sup-
plied the synchronous generator.
The refurbished facility began operating in Oc-
tober 2007 with a single new 3.6-MW unit. The
plant now produces 13 gigawatt-hours (GWh)
of electricity each year, compared with 10 GWh
before the rehabilitation. The owner of the facility
anticipates a 12- to 14-year return on investment.
— Information supplied by Tommy Hjort, Cer-
vus Power AB, formerly production manager at
Vasterbergslagens Kraft and project manager for the
Ludvika refurbishment
Technical experts Tommy
Hjort, Martin Nussmuller
and Jean-Pierre Taulan
contributed to this article.
Owners of three hydro projects in Europe are saving money and/or in-
creasing operational effi ciency through innovations in design and selec-
tion of turbines and other mechanical components.
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14 HRW / September 2009 www.hydroworld.com
Model tests of the new nozzle design for the 510-MW
Lotru-Ciunget project verifi ed the design improve-
ments made. Unit performance will increase by more
than 1 percent as a result of the new nozzle design.
http://hrw.hotims.com RS #7
Replacing Pelton nozzles to
improve operational performance
For Pelton turbines, nozzle design is a
key parameter to attain high performance
with respect to jet dispersion. Nozzle de-
sign can be optimized for both new units
and for rehabilitation of existing hydro
projects, as the nozzle is a component that
can easily be replaced in old turbines.
For example, as part of the rehabili-
tation of the 510-MW Lotru-Ciunget
project on the Lotru River in Romania,
owner Hidroelectrica S.A. is replacing
the nozzles on all units. This powerhouse
contains three units that began operat-
ing between 1972 and 1975. Because of
the age of the units, Hidroelectrica de-
termined rehabilitation was needed.
Voith Hydro (formerly Voith Siemens
Hydro Power Generation) is performing
and nozzle. Before the rehabilitation, the
Lotru-Ciunget plant produced 1,150,000
megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity each
year; with the modi cation, this is predict-
ed to increase by about 10,000 MWh.
The rehabilitation work at Lotru-
Ciunget is part of a larger program to
integrate national energy systems of
refurbishment work on the Lotru-Ciunget
project, under a US$101.7 million contract
awarded in January 2007. This work in-
volves rehabilitating all three turbine-gen-
erator units and auxiliary equipment. The
work is expected to be complete in 2011.
In determining the scope of the rehab
work needed, in 2007 Hidroelectrica com-
missioned Voith Hydro to perform fully
homologous model testing and measure-
ments of both the existing nozzle design
and potential design changes to the nozzles
for the three units. Results of this test-
ing indicated that changing the hydraulic
pro le of the nozzles would result in a per-
formance increase of more than 1 percent.
This improvement was a result of optimiz-
ing several parameters: ow conditions
in the turbine housing, nozzle geometry,
and the transition between the manifold
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___________________________
THE HYDROPOWER
LEADER
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mwhglobal.com
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312.831.3515
MWH, the wet infrastructure leader, builds, improves and
retrots hydropower projects to provide clean, renewable
energy. By maximizing available sources of clean energy,
we help clients optimize the use of natural resources with
sustainable techniques. Our focus: conservation and
control of the world’s irreplaceable resource — water.
Our goal: Building A Better World.
AROUND THE WORLD
http://hrw.hotims.com RS #8
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