Higman Chris Gasification (Газификация угля)
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390
Index
Synthesis gas (Continued)
oxidant choice of use of hot syngas,
220–221
oxidative washes, 308–309
partial oxidation and, 1
permeability rates of components
of, 313
physical washes, 303–307
physical-chemical washes, 307–308
purity, 299
quenching, 193–196
radiant cooler, 193–194
raw gas composition, 299
selection criteria for treating,
298–300
specifications, 256
temperature and, 19, 20
trace components of raw type of,
208–218
as transport gas, 175–177
treating, 298–315
T
Tail gas treatment, 321–322
Tall hoppers for pressurizing,
180–182
Tar sands
processing steps, 64
residues, 64–65
Temperature(s), 9
control, 204
effect of, 19, 20, 21
flash and ignition, 62–63
fluid (FT), 50
gas analysis and calculating outlet
temperature, 205–207
heat flux and, 24
hemispherical (HT), 50
initial deformation (IDT), 50
measurement, 201–204
modification, 14
oxidant choice and, 220
softening (ST), 50
Texaco process, 122–125, 129–133
carbon management, 132
carbon removal, 131
characteristics, 110
description, 123–125, 130
development, 122–123, 129
diagram of, 124
equipment issues, 125
equipment performance, 132
maintenance intervals, 132
performance, 132, 133
syngas cooling, 130–131
Thermal NO
x
, 280, 284, 286, 338
Thermodynamics of gasification, 9–28
deductions from model, 17–23
definition, 9
equilibrium, 11–13
modeling, 13–17
optimizing process conditions,
23–28
reactions, 10–13
Tophat cycle, 272, 273, 275, 276–277,
278, 287
TPS process, 149–150
Twin fluid-bed steam gasification,
150–153
U
U-gas gasifiers, 108
Ultimate analysis, 45–47
Underground coal gasification (UCG),
161–162
V
Vanadium
in feedstock, 186
recovery process of, 142, 143,
144–145
refinery residue with, 57–58
undesirable properties of, 57–58
Volatile matter and proximate
analysis, 45
W
Waste(s), 76–79
addition to coal gasifier feed, 156
gasification of, 155–158, 347
heating value, 78
liquid, 78–79
organic chemical, 78
purpose developed processes for,
157–158
solid, 76–78
Index
391
Water cycle, 275, 276
Water gas, 87–88
Wet solids removal, 201
Winkler fluid-bed gasifier, 3, 5, 98
atmospheric, 101, 102–103
diagrams, 103, 104
high temperature, 103–104
process, 101, 102–103
Wood
ash components in, 70
fixed-bed processes and, 148
historical development of gasification
and, 2
Z
Zinc oxide, 311–312