Hermanson G. Bioconjugate Techniques, Second Edition
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
1180 Index
Oeltmann , 86 , 837 , 844
Offord , 136
O’Hare , 830
Oi , 462
O’Keefe , 253
Oleic acid , 487
Oligomers
formed using homobi functional
cross-linkers, 235
Oligonucleotide probes
biotinylated , 900
Oligonucleotide synthesis , 62
Oligonucleotides , 114 , 124 , 436
amine modifi ed , 996
chemical modifi cation
methods, 973
coupling to dendrimer
surfaces, 387
crosslinking methods , 66
diamine modifi cation of , 974
hydrazide modifi ed
, 998
modifi cation
of , 50
using carbodiimides , 177
with biotin-hydrazide , 526 ,
991
Oligosaccharides
BAP modifi cation of , 538
biotinylation of , 537
coupling to carriers using
reductive amination , 782
modifi cation with diamines ,
122
of gangliosides , 878
Olin , 814
Olive , 438
Olofson , 228
Olsnes , 827 , 828 , 830 , 855
Olson , 339 , 862
O’Malley , 965
Ondetti , 223
Ong , 1011
OPA , 129
amine detection reagent , 93
for detection of amine
compounds, 128
Oparka , 453
Opioid receptors , 243 , 246
Order , 498 , 819 , 824
Oregon Green , 488 , 381
Organosilane , 562
reaction strategies , 565
Orgel , 982
Orlandi , 826
Orlando , 1011
Ormerod , 818
Orr , 516
Orthophosphoric-monoester
phosphorylase, see Alkaline
phosphatase
Osazone , 42
Osborn
, 818
Oser ,
209
O’Shanessy , 526
O’Shannessy , 211 , 270 , 332 ,
526 , 614 , 676
Osmotic shock , 457
Osone , 42
Osseo-Asare , 620
O’Sullivan , 257 , 287
Otsuka , 498
Ottenbrite , 937
Ottersbach , 1039
Ottesen , 255
Otto , 667
OVA , 762
activation with sulfo-SMCC ,
768
conjugated to cBSA , 751
conjugation with [Met5]-
enkephalin using EDC ,
757
functional groups of , 753
solubility in presence of
DMSO, 753
use as carrier , 751
Ovalbumin , see OVA
Overbeek , 584 , 925
Ow , 620 , 623 , 625
Oxane , 563 , 618
Oxazolidinone , 631
Oxidants
immobilized , 549
Oxidases , 124 , 232 , 855
Oxidation
of amino acids , 23
Oxime , 29 , 658 , 669
Oxirane , 195 , 615
chemistry of , 174
Oxoaldonic acid , 39
2-Oxo-imidazole , 515
N , N -Oxydimethylene-
dimaleimide, 283
Ozawa , 256 , 274 , 837
Ozone (O
3
) , 23
32
P , 546
Pace , 211 , 676
Packman , 254
Paganelli , 904
Pagano , 413
Pai , 667
Pal , 701
Palek , 559
Palmer , 786
Palmitic acid , 866
NHS ester of , 886
Palmitoleic acid , 865
PAMAM , 346 , see also
Dendrimer
propargyl functionalized , 351
synthesis of , 347
Pandurangi , 1018
Paola , 381
PAP , 827 , 847
PAP II
, 827
PAP-S , 827
Papahadjopoulos , 287 , 291 ,
292 , 855 , 872 , 895
Papain , 786
immobilized , 808
in
formation of Fab fragments ,
807
preparation of Fab
fragments, 808
PAPs , 827 , 829
conjugation using SMCC , 850
modifi cation with 2-imino-
thiolane, 829 , 840
structure of , 829
thiolation with 2-imino-
thiolane, 837
Paramyxoviruses , 255
Parathyroid hormone , 243
Pardridge , 292
Parikh , 172
, 218 , 237 , 238
, 940
Park , 239 , 244 , 312 , 638 , 863
Parker , 162
Index 1181
Parking area , 595
Parsons , 209
Particles
aldehyde-containing , 617
amines to carboxylated , 596
CDI activation of , 607
characteristics and stability ,
584
CNBr activation , 612
concentration of , 588
coupling to
amine-containing , 599
using NHS-PEG
n
-
maleimides , 604
covalent coupling methods ,
594
DSC activation of , 607
EDC conjugation protocol ,
598
epoxy activated , 615
fl uorescent , 620
forces in solution , 584
functional groups , 594
glutaraldehyde coupling , 602
HEMA/acrolein derivatives ,
617
hydrazide-containing , 613
hydroxyl-containing , 606
modifi cation with bis-NHS-
PEG compounds , 714
passive adsorption onto , 590
passive adsorption protocol ,
593
polymeric , 588
silica , 618
SPDP coupling
, 602
washing of ,
587
Partis , 160 , 172 , 183 , 238 , 256 ,
258
Pascual , 121 , 324
Passive adsorption , 590
protocol , 593
Pastan , 824
Patchornick , 97
Pathak , 209 , 387
Pathy , 333
Patri , 357 , 364 , 380
Paul , 194 , 230 , 946
Pawley , 928
Pawson , 1004
PBA , 678
PC , 864 , 871 , 876 , 889
, 895 ,
896
fatty acid constituents , 865
PCBM , 637
PCR , 65 , 970
PDBA , 677 , 678
PDITC , 996
dendrimer modifi cation using ,
387
in conjugation of enzymes to
diamine-modifi ed DNA ,
996
PDP-PE , 875 , 895
PDPH
antibody thiolation with , 504
general description and use ,
300
PDTP
for immunotoxin preparation ,
843
reaction with EDC , 843
PE , 864 , 870 , 876 , 889
activation
of , 872
with
DMS , 892
glutaraldehyde , 891
iodoacetic anhydride , 899
MBS , 875
SMCC , 897
SMPB , 872 , 895
SPDP , 874
biotinylated , 884 , 888
biotinylation of , 883
conjugation
of proteins using EDC , 888
to proteins using SPDP , 894
using heterobifunctional
cross-linkers , 872
with haptens , 879
coupling to antibodies , 883
functional derivatives , 869
Pearson , 14 , 1009
Pedersen ,
747
Peeters , 284 , 768
PEG , 205 , 629 , 672 , 689 , 701 ,
see also mPEG
activation with
CDI , 946
DSC , 943
N -succinimidyl
chloroformate , 943
trichloro-s-triazine , 938
added to protein A–gold sols ,
931
amino acid PEGs , 740
amphiphilic properties of , 938
anhydride modifi cation of ,
940
biotin-PEG-phosphine
, 543
biotin-PEG
3
-benzophenone ,
739
biotinylation compounds
containing , 726
bis-maleimide compounds ,
714
bis-NHS ester compounds ,
711
carbodiimide coupling of
carboxylate-modifi ed , 945
dendrimer derivatives for
surface modifi cation , 385
dendrimer modifi cation , 372
diamine spacer , 115
discrete , 604
discrete branched , 740
discrete compounds , 359
discrete PEG modifi cation
agents , 739
discrete reagents , 707
dithiol linkers for surface
modifi cation , 709
DSC activation , 610
epichlorohydrin activation of ,
948
fullerene derivative of , 629
general properties and use
,
937
heterobifunctional
compounds , 718
homobifunctional compounds ,
711
hydrazide-PEG-biotin
compounds , 733
hydroxyl functionalities , 936
immunogenicity of , 718
in
protein interaction reporter
design , 1012
1182 Index
Peeters ( continued )
psoralen-PEO
3
-biotin , 533
stabilization of antibody–
gold sols , 932
stabilization of lectin–gold
sols, 933
maleimide-PEG-biotin
compounds, 732
modifi cation
of
BSA with , 937
carbon nanotubes using ,
645 , 647
dendrimers , 365
fullerenes , 632
immunotoxin conjugates
with, 826
surfaces using , 709
with , 936
anhydrides , 945
mPEG derivative of , 938
NHS-PEG-alkyne compounds ,
722
NHS-PEG-azide compounds ,
722
NHS-PEG-biotin compounds ,
727
NHS-PEG-maleimide
compounds,
718
NHS-SS-PEG
4
-biotin , 727
of Tween 20 detergent , 641
particle modifi cation using ,
590 , 604
polydispersity of , 707
quantum dot modifi cation ,
488
solvents useful for dissolving ,
711
stabilization of colloidal gold
suspensions using , 926
structure of , 937
succinimidyl carbonate
derivative of , 941
succinimidyl glutarate
derivative of , 941
succinimidyl succinate
derivative of , 941
sulfhydryl reactive derivative
of , 948
synthesis of , 707
PEG-amine , see Jeffamine
pegylation , see PEG
Pena , 247
Penchovsky , 323
Peng
, 174 , 232
Pennathur-Das , 252
pentafl uorophenyl (PFP) ester ,
179
Pentose , 37
4-Pentynoic acid , 687 , 688 , 724
PEO , see PEG
Pepsin , 97 , 786 , 791 , 807
immobilized , 807
in formation of F(ab )
2
frag-
ments, 807
Pepstatin A , 92
Peptide bond , 4
cleavage of , 1032
freedom of movement , 4
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) , 701
Peptides , 762
as synthetic haptens , 747
conjugation
to
liposomes , 881
PE-liposomes using EDC ,
890
with carriers using EDC ,
755
detection with OPA , 128
EDC conjugation to carriers ,
217
iodination of , 553
mass spec analysis of , 649
oxidation of , 23
reduction of , 98
reduction using immobilized
reductants, 97
sulfhydryl containing ,
881
Perborate , 23
Percec , 347
Perfl uorinated phenyl azide , 342
Perfl uorophenyl azide , 1018
Performic acid (HC(O)OOH) ,
23 , 26
Perham , 67 , 108 , 156 , 159 , 254
Periodate (IO
4
−
) , 23 , 472 , 538 ,
613 , 735
oxidation of hydroxyls , 197
reaction with RNA , 62
Periodate oxidation
of HRP , 156
Periodic acid , see Sodium
periodate
Perler , 701
Perlman , 103
Peroxide , 505
Peroxycarbonate , 23
Peroxynitrite (ONOO
−
) , 23
Peroxyoxalate chemi-
luminescence, 438
Persulfate , 590 , 1037 , 1039
Petach , 181 , 345
Peters , 779
Petroleum ether , 940
Petrotchenko , 247 , 395
Petruzzelli , 243
Pfeuffer , 254
PFP ester , 385
PG , 864 , 871 , 876 , 889 , 895 ,
896
functional derivatives , 869
Phase transition , 868
effect of cholesterol , 869
pHEMA
conjugation to , 606
hydrazide-containing ,
614
stability in solution , 584
Phenol red
conjugation to cBSA using
Mannich reaction , 778
Phenolate , 102
Phenolate anion , 11
Phenolic compounds
reaction with diazonium , 272
Phenolphthalein
similarity to fl uorescein , 399
Phenols , 264 , 548
iodination of , 557
Phenyl azide , see also Aryl
azides
halogenated , 205
of BASED , 262
Phenyl C
60
butyric acid methyl
ester , see PCBM
Phenylalanine , 6
analogs , 684
ketone analog , 671
solvent exposed area , 30
Phenylboronic acid (PBA) , 676
Index 1183
Phenyldiboronic acid (PDBA) ,
676
1,4-Phenylenediisothiocyanate
(PDITC) , see also PDITC
modifi cation of APTS surfaces
using , 570
N , N - o -Phenylenedimaleimide ,
283
Phenylglyoxal
reaction with arginine , 201, 333
Phenylhydrazine , 41
Phenylthioester , 703
Philomin , 376
Phizicky , 1005
Phosgene , 199
derivatization of mPEG with ,
941
in formation of
carbonates , 175
isocyanates , 170
Phosphate ester
of phosphodiglycerides , 864
5 -Phosphate group
of oligonucleotides , 62
Phosphate groups
of nucleotides , 62
Phosphates , 146
modifi cation with
bis-hydrazides , 146
diamines , 124
of phosphodiglycerides , 864
reaction with carbodiimides ,
176
Phosphatidic acid , 864
functional derivatives , 869
Phosphatidyl choline , 861 , see
also PC
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine , see
PE
Phosphatidyl glycerol , 861 , see
also PG
Phosphatidyl inositol , see PI
Phosphatidyl serine , see
PS
Phosphatidylethanolamine , 754
Phosphine , 95 , 180 , 722
biotin-PEG derivative , 543
Phosphine-biotin , 538
Phosphine oxide , 181 , 345 , 544
Phosphodiester , 124 , 146 , 970 ,
978
Phosphodiester bonds , 61
Phosphodiglyceride , 868
composition of , 864
fatty acid
constituents , 864
nomenclature , 866
functional derivatives , 869
orientation with cholesterol ,
868
Phosphoethanolamine , 861
Phospholipid bilayers ,
753
Phospholipids , 260 , 858 , 879 ,
885
biotinylated , 883 , 884
composition of , 863
formation of liposomes , 861
labeling with DCIA , 438
protection from oxidation ,
861
sources , 864
synthetic , 866
Phosphoramidate , 62 , 84 , 124 ,
146 , 176 , 178 , 195 , 215 ,
373 , 978 , 981 , 988 , 990
Phosphoramidite , 62 , 467
Phosphorescence
defi nition of , 399
Phosphorimidazolide , 146 , 979
Phosphorus (white)
reduction of chloroauric acid
with ,
928
Phosphorus pentachloride , 173
Phosphorylated peptides
analysis using amine-
dendrimers , 373
Phosphorylimidazolide , 124
Photo-chemical reactions , 204
Photo-induced crosslinking
of unmodifi ed proteins
(PICUP) , 1037
Photo-leucine , 208
Photo-methionine , 208
Photoaffi nity label , 324
Photoaffi nity labeling , 305 , 310 ,
311 , 330
Photobiotin , 532
DNA modifi cation with , 987
general description and use ,
531
removal of excess , 987
Photobleaching , 472
of quantum dots , 486
Photochemotherapy agents , 208
Photodecomposition , 432
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) ,
24
Photofrin , 24
Photohemin IX , 962
Photolysis , 303
of
NHS-ASA , 305
phenyl azides , 262
Photolyzing
light sources , 304
Photons , 397
Photoreactive , 277 , 556 , 681
psoralen group , 533
Photoreactive crosslinkers
, 302
for study of protein
interactions , 1016
photolyzing light sources , 304
Photoreactive groups
aryl azides , 303
reactions of , 204
Photoreactive reagents
diazo pyruvates
, 322
Photosynthetic , 461
o -Phthalaldehyde , 92 , see also
OPA
o -Phthaldialdehyde , see OPA
Phycobiliproteins
activation with SPDP , 919
bilin content , 462
conjugation
to avidin using glutaral-
dehyde , 913
using SPDP , 463
with avidin or streptavidin ,
905
producing activated
derivatives
, 462
tandem conjugates of , 462
Phycobiliproteins
conjugation with avidin or
streptavidin , 918
general description and use ,
461
Phycobilisome particles , 461
Phycocyanin , 461
Phycocyanobilin , 461
1184 Index
Phycoerythrin , 461 , 817
avidin conjugation of , 915
conjugate with streptavidin ,
462
streptavidin conjugate , 376
Phycoerythrobilin , 461
Phycourobilin , 461
Phytochrome , 255
Phytolacca americana , 827
pI , 102 , 116 , 139 , 231
of proteins in gold labeling ,
926
PI , 864 , 871
functional derivatives , 869
Pick , 862
Pidgeon , 863
Piehler , 579 , 1005
Pietraszkiewicz , 474
Pihl , 161
, 827
, 855
Pikuleva , 228
Pillai , 948
Pimm , 503
Pinocytosis , 457 , 745
Piperazine , 662
Piperidine , 662
Piranha solution , 565 , 579
Pirker , 844
Pizzo , 937 , 938
pK
a
, 7 , 231
Plank , 407
Plant , 883 , 884 , 888
Plapp , 119
Plasma , 529
Plasma cells , 745
Platelet , 241 , 243
Platelet glycoprotein Ib , 316
Platinum , 192
Platz , 205 , 303
Ploem , 400
Plotz , 43 , 113 , 582
Plueddemann , 565
PMPI , 171
PMSF , 92
PNGase A , 153
PNGase F , 152 , 153
PNP-DTP , 207 , 208
general description and use ,
323
Podhradsky , 170 , 402 , 417
Pojer , 394
Pokeweed antiviral proteins , see
PAPs
Politz , 335
Polson , 284
Poly-
L -glutamic acid , 748
conjugation methods , 754
use as a carrier , 754
Poly-
L -lysine , 319 , 387 , 748
conjugation methods , 754
DPA chelate , 482
in MAP , 755
modifi cation with DTPA , 500
succinylated , 503
used as a carrier , 747 , 754
Poly(acrylamide) , 590
Poly(acrylic acid) , 177 , 590 , 936
Poly(amidoamine) , see PAMAM
Poly(amino acids) , 936
Poly(ethylene glycol) , 231
activation with DSC , 250
Poly(ethylene imine)
modifi cation with
epichlorohydrin-activated
PEG, 948
Poly(hydroxyethyl
methacrylate) (pHEMA) ,
589 , see also HEMA
Poly(
L -lysine) , 936
Poly(methacrylic acid) , 590
Poly(styrene/acrylate) , 583
Poly(styrene/butadiene) , 583
Poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) ,
583
Poly(styrene/vinyltoluene) , 583
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) , 590 ,
936
Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) , 590
Poly(vinyltoluene) , 583 , 592
Polyaldehyde dextran , 336
Polyclonal antibodies , 783
Polyclonal antisera , 783
Polydispersity index (PDI),
707Polyether , 115
Polyethylene glycol , 43 , 175 ,
230 , see also PEG
conjugation with haptens , 755
use as a carrier , 754
Polyethylenimine , 120
Polyhedral decaborate clusters ,
372
Polymerase chain reaction , see
PCR
Polymerization , 32 , 588 , 590
in
EDC-mediated peptide–
carrier conjugation , 757
glutaraldehyde cross-
linking, 966
glutaraldehyde reactions ,
798
hapten–carrier conjugation
using EDC , 757
immunotoxin conjugation ,
832
limited with heterobifunc-
tional reagents , 276
of
ethylene oxide , 937
ethylenimine , 118
maleic anhydride , 107
prevention by blocking agents ,
156
with EDC , 218
Polymers
gold labeled , 927
modifi cation with
, 936
use as a carrier , 747 , 754
Polymethine bridge , 464
Polymethylmethacrylate
(PMMA), 583 , 589
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan
monolaurate, 641
Polyphosphazenes , 936
Polysaccharide , 414
activation of hydroxyls , 42
as
carriers for antibody
conjugates, 824
spacer in preparation of
immunotoxins, 855
asparatine-linked , 46
attachment to proteins , 20
binding of by plant toxins , 827
conjugation using
carbonyl and sulfhydryl
reactive cross-linkers ,
297
M
2
C
2
H , 300
MPBH , 298
PDPH , 300
Index 1185
detection using hydrazide
compounds , 139
labeling with
AMCA-hydrazide , 439
biotin-hydrazide , 526
Texas Red hydrazide , 429
modifi cation with anhydrides ,
103
of antibody molecules , 787
oxidation with
oxidases , 132
periodate , 803
sodium periodate , 123 , 130
sodium periodate , 800
reaction with
ABH , 331
hydrazide compounds , 42
sodium periodate oxidation ,
20
structure , 44
and functionality , 36
thiolation using PDPH , 504
Polystyrene , 583 ,
589
adsorption density for
proteins , 592
beads , 550
modifi cation with PEG , 948
modifi ed with chlorosulfona-
mide groups , 550
protein denaturation on , 592
Polyurethane , 936
Polyvinylamine , 477
Polyvinylpyrrolidinones , 936
Porath , 43 , 188 , 269 , 575 , 615 ,
814 , 957
Porphyridium cruentum , 461
Porphyrin , 23 , 24
adsorption onto carbon
nanotubes , 645
dendrimer derivative , 383
Porstmann
, 913
Porter , 192
Posewitz ,
575
Positrons , 546
Posnett , 755
Post-translational modifi cation ,
149 , 649 , 655 , 693
Potassium cacodylate , 973
Pow , 755 , 927 , 928
Powsner , 546
Pozsgay , 147 , 669
Prato , 629 , 631
Precipitation
from glutaraldehyde cross-
linking , 779
of hapten–carrier conjugates ,
749
Pre-column derivatization
using Ellman’s reagent , 101
Preformed complex , 498
Preis , 45
Prenylation , 686
Preprolactin , 312
Prescher , 544 , 545 , 667 , 683 ,
684 , 690 , 692 , 693
Pressman , 546
Prestayko , 275
Prey , 1005
Prey protein , 1018 , 1020 , 1031 ,
1035
Price , 780
Prime , 189 , 590 , 709
Primers , 970 , 973
Progesterone receptor , 69
Proline ,
5
oxidation of , 28
solvent exposed area , 30
Pronase , 922
Propargyl-PEG
1
-NHS ester , 687 ,
724 , 725
Propargylamido-cysteine , 685
Propargylamine , 681 , 724
Properdin , 244
Propionic acid , 443 , 444 , 445
Propionic anhydride
as mass tag , 650
Prossnitz , 1011
Prosthetic group
of HRP , 962
in phycobiliproteins , 461
Protease
activity
measurement of , 156
assay using succinylated
casein , 103
Protein A , 253 , 784
biotinylated , 905
gold labeled ,
927 , 930
immobilized ,
807 , 809 , 813 ,
841
Protein G
biotinylated , 905
Protein interaction mapping , 1005
Protein interaction reporter
(PIR) , 709 , 1011
Protein interactions , 208 , 713 ,
717
bioconjugate techniques for
study of , 1003
captured using
homobifunctional
crosslinkers , 1006
MTS-ATF-biotin , 1028
MTS-ATF-LC-biotin , 1028
Ru(II)bpy
32 +
, 1037
sulfo-SBED , 1021
DSS or BS
3
, 1007
formaldehyde , 1010
photoreactive crosslinkers ,
1016
PIR reagents , 1011
cell surface , 1017
study using
metal chelating groups ,
1032
sulfo-SFAD , 1018
trifunctional label transfer
reagents , 1020
techniques to study , 1005
Protein Mapping , 1032
Protein–palmitate derivative
insertion into liposomal
membranes , 888
Protein synthesis
blocking of , 824
Proteins
3-dimensional structure , 15
activation with sulfo-NHS and
EDC , 220
active center , 21
as carriers , 217
biotinylation with sulfo-NHS-
biotin
, 512
blocking functional groups
on , 156
cationized , 116
chelated metals , 19
cofactors , 19
conjugation to liposomes , 870 ,
885
1186 Index
Proteins ( continued )
creation of pyridyl disulfi de
groups on , 186
crosslinking methods , 32
crosslinking using imidoesters ,
251
detection with OPA , 128
diamine modifi cation of , 116
disulfi de crosslinks , 10
FITC labeling of , 403
full complement of reactivity ,
13
glycoprotein structure , 20
glycosylation , 20
gold labeling , 926
hydrazide-activated , 805
hydrazide derivatives of , 967
hydrophobic core , 6
indirect iodination of , 556
iodination
of , 546
with
chloramine-T
, 550
Iodo-gen , 553
ionizable groups , 13
labeled with AMCA , 432
labeling
with
colloidal gold , 924
NHS-fl uorescein , 404
p -aminobenzoyl biocytin,
diazotized, 534
photobiotin , 532
lipoproteins , 20
maleimide activated , 283 , 286 ,
850
measurement of sulfhydryls
of , 164
microsequencing , 403
modifi cation , 3
with
biotin-BMCC , 521
biotin-HPDP , 523
bis-hydrazides , 142 , 919
CDI–mPEG
, 948
dextran polymers , 951
DTPA , 499
iodoacetyl-LC-biotin , 524
NHS-LC-biotin , 514
polyaldehyde-dextran , 953
SC–mPEG , 944
TsT–mPEG , 940
net positive charge
contribution, 9
nitration of , 126
nucleophilic groups , 13 , 15
nucleoproteins , 20
oxidation of , 23
passive adsorption of , 592
polymer modifi cation of , 936
post-translational
modifi cation , 20 , 48
prosthetic groups , 19
reaction with
SMPT , 281
SPDP , 279
reduction
of disulfi des , 88
using DTT , 89
using immobilized
reductants, 99
stabilization through PEG
modifi cation , 937
structure and reactivity , 4
succinylated , 103
toxoids , 753
used as carriers , 747 , 748
Proteoglycans , 46
Proteolytic digestion , 938
Prothrombin , 239
PS , 864
functional derivatives , 869
Pseudomonas toxin A
thiolation with 2-
iminothiolane, 837
Psoralen
reactions of , 208
Psoralen group ,
533
Psoralen-PEG
3
-biotin , 209
general description and use ,
533
Pulliam , 254
Purine , 51
bromination of , 59
electrophilic reactions , 58
structure and reactivity , 58
Pyrene
modifi cation of carbon
nanotubes using , 644
trisulfonated , 453
Pyrene-1-isothiocyanate , 645
Pyrene trisulfonate , 455 , 456
1-Pyrenebutyric acid , 645
1-Pyrenebutyric acid N -hydroxy-
succinimide ester , 645
1-Pyreneacetic acid , 645
1-Pyrenecarboxaldehyde , 645
(1-Pyrenyl)butyic acid hydrazide ,
645
2-(1-Pyrenyl)ethyl chlorofor-
mate, 645
N -(1-Pyrenyl)maleimide
, 645
Pyridine-2-thione , 76 , 78 , 165 ,
186 , 257 , 279 , 436 , 522 ,
834 , 984
absorptivity of , 77
extinction coeffi cient of , 187
Pyridine-4-thione , 165
Pyridoxal-polyphosphate
derivatives, 263
Pyridyl disulfi de , 165 , 280 , 325 ,
392 , 411 , 434 , 837 , 871 ,
968 , 982 , 993
immobilized , 832
in
biotinylation reagents , 520
carbonyl and sulfhydryl
reactive cross-linkers ,
298
of
AMCA-HPDP ,
435
APDP , 326
biotin-HPDP , 522
DPDPB , 257
PDPH , 300 , 504
PDTP , 843
SMPT , 281 , 841
SPDP , 279
SPDP-dextran , 960
on dedrimers , 356
reactions of , 186
use in forming immunotoxins ,
834
3-(2-Pyridyldithio)propionate ,
see PDTP
3-(2-Pyridyldithio)propionyl
hydrazide, see PDPH
2-Pyridyldithiol , 279
Pyrimidine , 51
acylation of , 55
Index 1187
electrophilic reactions , 55
halogenation of , 56
Pyrrolidine , 680
Pyruvate dehydrogenase , 254
Pyruvate kinase , 253
Qualmann , 372
Quantum dot , 583 , 620 , 623
alloy composition , 487
biocompatible , 488
blinking and dark particles ,
492
BMPA activation of , 112
clusters , 490
conjugation to , 493
dendrimer derivatives , 389
dendrimer modifi cation of ,
389
EDC conjugation , 494
emission properties , 486
excitation of , 492
general properties and use ,
485
material types , 487
problems using , 492
silica coated , 490
streptavidin conjugate , 493
sulfo-SMCC conjugation , 496
synthesis methods , 487
Quantum energy levels , 397
Quantum yield (QY) , 398 , 399
defi nition of , 398
effect of overlabeling on , 400
of
bilin prosthetic groups , 462
fl uorescein , 401
Lucifer Yellow fl uoro-
phores , 458
phycobiliproteins , 461
quantum dots , 486
Quarles , 211 , 332 ,
676
Quash , 597
Quaternary ammonium salt , 265
Quaternary pyridinium complex ,
779
Quaternary pyridinium
crosslink , 134
Quintana , 371
Qureshi , 333
QY , see Quantum yield
R-phycoerythrin (RPE) , 461 ,
463 , 919
Rabbit serum albumin , 748
Radiation
and cell death , 824
Radical , 24 , 25 , 206 , 615 , 1032
Radioactive substances
handling and disposal
precautions , 552
Radioactivity , 551
Radioimmunoassay , see also
RIA
using avidin–biotin
interaction , 904
Radioimmunoconjugate
, 498
general description and use ,
498
radioactive isotopes used in ,
498
Radioiodination , 126 , 203 ,
819 , 498 , see also
Iodination
effect on protein activity , 548
groups susceptible toward ,
548
of
aryl azides , 304
BASED , 262
fl uorescent compounds , 399
reagents , 548 , see also
Iodination reagents
Radioisotopes , 546
Radiolabeling , 556
of SASD , 305 , 308
Radiolabels , 262
common , 546
Radiopharmaceutical , 302 , 498 ,
501 , 503 , 504
Radiotherapy , 498
Raftery , 119
Ragupathi , 147
Ralph , 978
Ramanathan , 419
Rana , 170 , 1032 , 1033 , 1036
Ranadive , 302 , 498 , 504
Random-primed labeling , 970
Rao , 103 , 410 , 650
Rashidbaigi , 243
Raso , 844
Ravel , 41
Rayleigh scattered light , 398 ,
431 , 438 , 461
Reactive groups
chemistry of , 169
Reactive hydrogen , 530
Reactive oxygen species
FeBABE generated , 505
in study of protein
interactions , 1032
produced from psoralen
reactions , 209
relative reactivity , 25
scavenging by fullerenes , 629
Rebek , 225
Recktenwald , 453
Red cell , 254 , 255
Redox potential , 88
Reducing agents , 555
effect on iodo-beads , 551
for reductive amination , 231
Reducing sugars , 37
Reductant
immobilized , 99
Reductive amination , 21 , 123 ,
124 , 129 , 131 , 134 , 140 ,
156 , 166 , 174 , 201 , 215 ,
788 , 810 , 812 , 883 , 886
avidin–enzyme conjugation
using , 910
general description and
protocol , 231
in
antibody conjugation , 803
antibody–enzyme
conjugation , 800
conjugation of cystamine to
lactose , 832
enzyme conjugation , 967
glycolipid conjugation , 869
hapten–carrier conjugation ,
781
liposome conjugation , 870
preparation of immuno-
toxins , 855
of
aldehyde–mPEG derivative ,
950
oxidized glycoproteins , 49
polyaldehyde-dextran , 952
using reducing sugars , 41
1188 Index
Reedijk , 192
Rees , 204 , 207 , 303
Reese , 55
Reeves , 316 , 862
Rege , 280
Regnier , 618 , 653
Regoeczi , 498 , 547
Reilly , 182
Reinheitzahl ratio , see RZ
Reisfeld, 526, 824, 976, 990, 991
Reiter , 834
Rembaum , 601
Remission , 820
Ren , 639
Renal disfunction , 529
Renn ,
501
Repta , 192
Requena ,25
Restrictocin , 827
Reticuloendothelial system , 830 ,
879 , 882 , 936
Reulen , 701
Reynolds , 280
Rhenium-186 , 498
Rhenium-188 , 498
Rhodamine , 400 , 817
amine reactive derivatives of ,
416
comparison to phycobili-
proteins, 462
derivatives of , 415 , 416
general description and use ,
415
hydrazide containing
derivatives of , 427
labeling of avidin with , 916
silica particle embedded , 623
similarity to malachite green ,
399
sulfhydryl reactive derivatives ,
425
use with terbium chelates , 485
Rhodamine 6G , 415
Rhodamine , 110 , 415
Rhodamine B , 415 , 421
Rhodes , 503
RIA , 817
Ribolini , 247
Ribonuclease , 97
Ribonuclease A , 252 , 254
Ribose , 38 , 39
Ribosomal-inactivating
properties, 827
Ribosomal inactivation , 847
Ribosomal RNA , 51
Ribosomal subunits , 256
30S ribosomal subunit , 438
Ribosome , 256 , 335 ,
410
blocking protein synthesis at ,
824
inactivation by A chain of
plant toxins , 827
Ribosome-inactivating proteins ,
see RIPs
Ribosome-inactivating toxins ,
828
Ribozymes , 668
Ribulose , 38
Rich , 111
Richard , 263
Richards , 109 , 183 , 254 , 256 ,
779
Richardson , 23 , 1032
Ricin , 242 , 827 , 828 , 830 , 832
activation with
MBS , 854
SIAB , 849
blocking of
binding site
, 830 , 847
by lactose cross-linker , 832
cleavage from A chain , 830
conjugation using
SIAB , 848
SMPB , 855
immobilization of , 832
of
diphtheria toxin , 828
plant toxins , 827
ricin, function of , 827
oxidation with sodium
periodate, 855
removal of
binding potential by affi nity
chromatography , 831
nonspecifi c binding
potential, 852 , 854
unconjugated toxin , 854
structure of , 827
thiolation using 2-imino-
thiolane, 851
Ricin A chain , 830 , 832 , 839
cell entry of , 827
cleavage from B chain , 830
conjugation
via disulfi de exchange , 833
with
antibody using SMPT ,
843 , 842
PDTP activated antibody ,
844
SPDP activated antibodies ,
836
deglycosylated , 830
of
diphtheria toxin , 828
plant toxins , 827
turnover rate of , 827
purifi cation of reduced form ,
843
Ricinus communis , 827
Riddles , 100 , 164
Rideout , 667 , 671
Riehm , 160 , 183 , 193
Rifai , 43 , 113 , 170 , 199
Rigby , 970
Righetti , 649
Rimon , 410
Ring activators
effect on fl uorescence , 398
Ring expansion
of aryl azides , 325
Rink , 1012
RINK groups , 1012
Riordan , 103 , 773
RIPs , 827
RNA , 39 , 146 , 335 , 412 , 413 ,
438 , 444
activation with bromine
compounds, 976
base constituents , 51
base pairing , 64
chemical modifi cation
methods, 973
functional groups , 53
labeling with
Cascade Blue hydrazide ,
456
fl uorescein , 414
Lissamine rhodamine B
sulfonyl hydrazine , 428
Index 1189
Lucifer Yellow CH , 459
photobiotin , 531
modifi cation
and conjugation of , 969
by hydrazide-reactive
probes , 412
of , 50
with
biotin-hydrazide , 990
biotinylation reagents
containing
hydrazides , 525
bis-hydrazides , 146
diamines , 124
fl uorescein-5-thiosemi-
carbazide , 412
periodate oxidation of , 62
phosphodiester bonds of , 51
psoralen coupling , 209
purine residues of , 58
reaction with EDC , 62
structure , 62
sugar constituents , 61
RNA polymerase , 69
RNase ,64
RNase A , 677
Robb , 224
Roberts , 383 , 707
Robertson , 237
Roffl er , 826
Roffman , 139
Rogach , 486
Rogus , 498
Roitt , 784
Romaniouk , 333
Rose bengal , 353
Rosen , 492
Rosenberg , 211 , 526 , 676
Ross , 184 , 371 , 662
, 901
Rosset , 926 , 928
Rostovtsev , 211
, 681 , 683
Rotational freedom , 400
Rotenberg , 671
Roth , 926 , 930 , 932
Rothenberg , 151 , 152 , 153 , 535 ,
538 , 540 , 989
Rothfus , 122 , 130
Rouhi , 351
Rousseaux , 786
Roychoudhury , 971
Rozema , 282
Rozengur , 247
rRNA , 51
Ru(II)bpy 32
in study of protein
interactions , 1037
silica particle embedded , 620 ,
623
Rudd , 149
Ruegg , 95
Ruiz-Carrillo , 256
Ruth , 995
Rytter-Norgaard , 924
RZ , 962
35
S , 546
S-(2-aminoethyl)cysteine , 119
S-(2-aminoethyl)methionine
sulfonium ion , 119
S-acetylmercaptosuccinic
anhydride , see SAMSA
S-carbomethoxyvaleramidine ,
252
S → N shift , 191 , 685 , 697 , 701 ,
706
S-palmitoylation , 694
S-substituted thiosulfates , see
S-sulfonates
S-sulfonates
in formation of
immunotoxins , 845
S
2
O
3
, see Thiosulfate
SA , 870
Sabiston , 879
Sadlier , 263
SADP , 314
analog of , 316
general description and use ,
314
SAED , 392 , 1020
fl uorescent character of , 398
general description and use ,
316
similarity to sulfo-SAMCA ,
319
Saelinger , 934
Saiki , 970
Sakamoto , 56 , 976
Salicylate , 262 , 305
Salicylhydroxamic acid , see SHA
Salicylic acid , 306 , 333
Salmain , 376
Salmon , 824
SAM surface , 189 , 385 , 709
Samai , 629
Samarium , 476 , 501
Sammes , 484
SAMSA
general description and use , 81
in thiolation of phycobili-
proteins , 462
SAMSA-fl uorescein , 410 , 411
SAND
general description and use ,
312
Sanderson , 232
Sandvig , 828
SANH , 143 , 674 , 675
chemoselective ligation using ,
672
SANPAH
for studying protein
interactions , 1016
general description and use ,
310
Santhoshkumar , 1025
Santra , 620
Santuccione , 1026
Saponaria offi cinalis seeds , 827
Saporin , 827
Sapsford , 189
Sarcoplasmic reticulum , 255 ,
319 , 410
SASD , 328 , 391
general description and use ,
306
iodination of , 308 , 560
Sashidhar , 128
Sastry , 826
Sasuga , 311
SATA
, 503 , 809 , 984
antibody modifi cation
protocol , 795
effi ciency of IgG modifi
cation ,
32
general description and use ,
71
in thiolation of
antibodies , 789