Hermanson G. Bioconjugate Techniques, Second Edition

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1133

ABC , 905

Abdell , 247

Abdella , 394

ABH

general description and use ,

331

ABNP

general description and use ,

336

Abou-Samra , 914

Abrin , 827 , 828

oxidation with sodium

periodate , 855

structure of , 827

Abrus precatorius , 827

Absorption , 397

Abuchowski , 937 , 938 , 939 ,

941 , 945

ManNAz , 544 , 545

Accessible surface area (ASA) ,29

Acetal , 44 , 150 , 538

Acetal linkages

in cleavable reagents , 392

Acetamide , 111 , 157

2-Acetamido-4-mercaptobutyric

acid , see N -Acetyl homo-

cysteine thiolactone

2-Acetamido-4-mercaptobutyric

acid hydrazide , see AMBH

Acetic acid , 875

Acetic anhydride , 43 , 157 , 159 ,

178

for blocking amines , 158

modiﬁ cation of dendrimers ,

364 , 366

reaction with mPEG in

DMSO , 950

Acetone hydrazone derivative ,

672

Acetonitrile , 917

Acetyl azide

of Cascade Blue , 453

N -Acetyl-

D -galactosamine , 38 ,

124

N -Acetyl-

D -galactose

oxidation with galactose

oxidase , 132

N -Acetyl-

D -glucosamine , 38 ,

44 , 46

N -Acetyl homocysteine

thiolactone

general description and use ,

immobilization of , 97

Acetylation , 158

Acetylene group , 681 , 722

Acetylhydroxamate , 158

N  -[5-[[4-[[5-(Acetylhydroxy-

amino)pentyl]amino]-1,4-

dioxobutyl]hydroxyamino]-

pentyl]-N -(5-aminopentyl)-

N -hydroxybutanediamide ,

see DFA

5- { [2(and 3)-5-(Acetylmercapto)-

succinoyl]amino } ﬂ uorescein ,

see SAMSA-ﬂ uorescein

N -Acetylmethionine , 136 , 473

Acetylneuraminic acid , 38

o -Acetyltyrosine

breakdown of , 158

Acid chlorides ,

173 ,

422

Acid phosphatase , 271

Acrolein , 617

Acrylic acid , 185 , 593

Acrylodan , 185

6-Acryloyl-2-dimethylamino-

naphthalene , see Acrylodan

Acryloyl compounds

reactions of , 185

Actin , 407 , 409 , 421 , 427 , 525

 -Actin , 427

Active center , 21 , 787

Active ester

p -nitrophenyl , 296

Active hydrogen , 264 , 272 , 274 ,

534

diazonium reaction , 202

Mannich reaction , 201–203

reaction with nitrenes ,

204

reactions of , 202

Active transport , 239 , 827

Activity-based protein proﬁ ling

(ABPP) , 683

Acyl azides

chemistry of , 171

conversion to isocyanate ,

199

transformation to isocyanates ,

170

Acylation , 9

anhydrides , 178

photolysis of

diazopyruvates , 322

for blocking of amines , 157

amines , 102 , 169

hydroxyls , 40

nucleic acids , 55

pyrimidines , 55

using imidoesters , 250

Index

1134 Index

Acylation ( continued )

with

citraconic anhydride , 108

glutaric anhydride , 106

maleic anhydride , 107

NHS esters , 171 , 237

succinic anhydride , 103

Acylimidazole , 196

N -Acylimidazoles , 228

hydrolysis of , 231

o -Acylisourea , 142 , 176 , 195 ,

216 , 219 , 223

Acyltransferase , 530

N -Acylurea , 225

Adams , 264 , 312

Adaptive immunity , 745

Adenine ,51

activation with bromine

compounds

, 977

biotin derivative of , 986

bromination of , 59

electrophilic reactivity , 58

Fischer–Dimroth

rearrangement, 59

hydrogen bonding , 64

nucleophilic displacement

reactions, 58

reaction with

cisplatin , 192

glutaraldehyde , 59

structure and reactivity , 58

Adenosine

modiﬁ cation with diazonium

compounds, 989

Adenylate cyclase , 255 , 322

Adessi , 289

ADH , see Adipic dihydrazide

Adiopharmaceutical , 500

Adipaldehyde , 263

Adipic acid , 270

Adipic acid dihydrazide

, 139 ,

140 , 142

, 146 , 613 , 919 ,

956

coupling to 5  -phosphate of

DNA, 980

enzyme modiﬁ cation using ,

967

general description and use ,

270

modiﬁ cation of

avidin or streptavidin with ,

919

phosphates , 146

reaction with aldehyde

compounds, 140

Adjuvant , 751 , 755

Adolfson , 254

ADP , 62

ADP-ribosylation , 828

Adriamycin

coupling to oxidized dextran ,

857

AEAETS

thiol modiﬁ cation using , 121

Aebersold, 651

Afﬁ nity chromatography , 223

268 , 270 , 518 , 523 , 530 ,

783 , 938

in immunotoxin preparation ,

847

metal chelate , 813 , 814

for puriﬁ cation of antibody–

enzyme conjugates , 813

Afﬁ nity ligands , 104

Afﬁ nsen , 228

Agard , 690

Agarose , 43 , 45 , 97

used as a carrier , 747

Agglutination , 882

AgNO

, 80

Agre , 930

Agresti , 668

Aguirre , 407

Ahn , 413

Aikawa , 287

Aime , 501

Aithal , 287

Ajtai , 425

Akerblom , 938

Alagon , 69

Alam , 372

Alanine , 5

solvent exposed area , 30

 -Alanine , 954

Albrecht , 928 , 932

Albumin , 97 , 260 , 306

Alcohol dehydrogenase , 335

Aldehydes , 124 ,

755

blocking of , 156 , 166

chemistry of , 173

conjugation using

carbonyl reactive

heterobifunctionals, 298

coupling by reductive

amination, 231

detection of using hydrazide

compounds, 139

formation

from hydrolyzed epoxides ,

268

using

glutaraldehyde , 134

oxidases , 131

with SFB and SFPA , 132

introduction of , 129

labeling with cyanine dyes ,

472

Mannich reaction , 201

modiﬁ cation with

bis -hydrazides , 140

diamines , 122

protein oxidation products , 25

reactions of , 200

reaction with

AMBH , 83

ammonia or diamines , 124

hydrazides , 270 , 271

H , 299

PDPH , 300

reduction to hydroxyls , 174

reductive amination of , 201

Aldol condensation , 798 , 801

Aldolase , 322

Aldonic acid , 39

Aldose , 37

Alexander , 184

Algae , 461

Aliosman , 275

Alivisatos , 486

Alkaline phosphatase , 284 , 292 ,

677 , 678 , 813 , 906 , 964 ,

965 , see also AP

aldehyde creation on with

SFB, 132

antibody conjugates

puriﬁ cation of , 815

conjugation

Index 1135

to cystamine-modiﬁ ed

DNA , 993

to dendrimers , 373

with avidin or streptavidin ,

905

coupling to dendrimers , 363

general description and use ,

963

labeling with photobiotin , 531

SFB activation , 998

SPDP activated , 981 , 994

streptavidin conjugate , 530

thiolation using SATA , 908

Alkenals , 655

Alkene , 210 , 680

in Diels–Alder reaction , 667

Alkoxysilanes , 563

Alkyl anilines , 548

N -Alkyl carbamate , 230

N -Alkyl carbamate linkage , 228 ,

946

Alkyl glycosides

, 862

Alkyl halide

reactions of , 182

Alkyl halogens

reactions with pyrimidines , 55

Alkylation , 9

by maleimides , 107

amines , 169

hydroxyls , 40

nucleic acids , 55

purines , 58

pyrimidines , 55

sulfhydryls , 182

reductive , 231 , see also

Reductive amination

with iodoacetate , 109

Alkyne , 350 , 680 , 684

click chemistry reaction of ,

211

Alkynyl-lipase , 687

Allen ,

868

Allergic reactions

to immunotoxins , 826

Allerson , 289

Alley , 1025 , 1026

Allfrey , 256

Allison , 162 , 754 , 863 , 879

Allmer , 271

Allophycocyanin (APC) , 461 ,

463

as acceptor in LRET , 479

tandem conjugate with

B-phycoerythrin , 462

Allotropes of carbon , 627

Allyl glycidyl ether , 615

Alston , 316

Alum , 751

Álvaro , 640 , 645

Alvear , 101

Alving , 754 , 863

, 879

Amadori rearrangement , 48 , 173

AMBH , 301

modiﬁ cation of oxidized

carbohydrates , 83

use for thiolation , 83

AMCA , 430 , 431 , 817

as photoreactive group in

SAED , 316

comparison to ﬂ uorescein , 431

general description and use ,

431

group in sulfo-SAMCA , 319

hydrazide derivative of , 438

labeling of avidin with , 917

reaction with EDC , 432

sulfhydryl-reactive derivatives ,

434

within SAED , 398

AMCA-HPDP , 981

general properties and use ,

434

protein modiﬁ cation protocol ,

436

AMCA-hydrazide

general properties and use ,

438

modiﬁ cation of antibodies , 440

AMCA-NHS , 918

general properties and use ,

432

labeling of avidin with , 917

photodecomposition of , 432

protein labeling protocol , 434

AMCA-sulfo-NHS

general properties and use ,

432

Amidine , 176 , 250 , 251 , 252 ,

254 , 892

Amination , 201

 -Amine , 102

Amine boranes , 174

Amines

acylation with

citraconic anhydride , 108

glutaric anhydride , 105

maleic anhydride , 106

succinic anhydride , 103

blocking

of , 156 , 157

with

acetic anhydride , 158

sulfo-NHS-acetate , 157

coupling

by reductive amination , 231

using

CMC , 223

DCC , 224

DIC , 227

EDC , 216

with

carbodiimides , 176

Woodward’s reagent K ,

228

detection

of , 127

using OPA , 92

with OPA , 128

with TNBS ,

128

for blocking aldehydes , 166

introduction of , 114

Mannich reaction with

formaldehyde , 264

modiﬁ cation with

glutaraldehyde , 134

SFB , 132

SFPA , 132

reaction with

acyl azides , 171

aldehydes , 173

alkyl halides , 274

ANB-NOS , 312

anhydrides , 178

aryl halides , 175 , 185

chloroacetic acid ,

113

dehydroazepines , 303

1136 Index

Amines ( continued )

diazopyruvates , 322

diﬂ uorobenzene derivatives ,

259

epoxides , 174 , 268

formaldehyde , 264

glutaraldehyde , 265

GMBS , 292

haloacetyl compounds , 183

HSAB , 308

imidoesters , 176 , 250

isocyanates , 170

isothiocyanates , 170

maleimides , 183

MBS , 286

NHS-ASA , 305

NHS esters , 171 , 238

NPIA , 296

p -nitrophenyl diazo-

pyruvate,

322

p -nitrophenyl esters , 296

PNP-DTP , 323

SADP , 314

SAED , 316

SAND , 313

SANPAH , 310

SASD , 306

SIAB , 288

SIAC , 295

SIAX , 294

SMCC , 283

SMPB , 291

SMPT , 281

SPDP , 278

sulfo-SAMCA , 319

sulfo-SAPB , 316

sulfo-SBED , 337

sulfonyl chlorides , 173

reactions of , 169

reversible blocking with

maleic anhydride

159

synthesis from azides , 690

2-Amino-(6-amidobiotinyl)-

pyridine, see BAP

2-Amino-2-methyl-1propanol ,

963

7-Amino-4-methyl-2(1H)-quino-

linone, 482

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin

derivatives of , 430

N -[6-(7-Amino-4-methylcou-

marin-3-acetamido)hexyl]-3 -

(2 -pyridyldithio)-

propionamide, see

AMCA-HPDP

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-

acetic acid , see AMCA

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin-

3-acetyl hydrazide , see

AMCA-hydrazide

Amino acids , 4

analogs , 684 , 667 , 679 , 692

analysis , 406

aliphatic , 5

aromatic, hydrophobic , 6

azide analogs , 543

detection with OPA , 128

ionizable , 7

oxidation of , 23

polar, hydrophilic , 6

solvent accessibility of in

proteins, 29

2-Amino Benzamide , 153

 -Amino group , 4

of biocytin , 528

Aminoacyl-transferase II , see EF2

Aminoalkylation , 115

4-Aminobenzoic acid

in p -aminobenzoyl biocytin ,

534

p -Aminobenzoyl biocytin , 990

diazotization of , 536

general description and use ,

534

modiﬁ cation of DNA with

diazo derivative , 989

N -(4-Aminobutyl)- N -ethylisolu-

minol

, 1000

6-Aminocaproic acid ,

954

biotin-LC-hydrazide , 526

NHS-LC-biotin , 512

of NHS-LC-ﬂ uorescein , 405

2-Aminoethanesulfonate , see

Taurine

2-Aminoethanol

reaction with periodate , 197

2-Aminoethyl-2  -amino-

ethanethiolsulfonate, see

AEAETS

Aminoethyl-8 , 119

general description and use ,

118

Aminoethylation , 118

of cBSA , 749

Aminoethylthioacetyl spacer ,

872

p -Aminophenyl-  -

D -lactoside ,

371

Aminophenyl boronic acid

cycloaddition reaction of , 211

 -( p -Aminophenyl)ethylamine ,

41 , 774

3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysi-

lane, 568 , 620 , 624 , see

also APTS

1-Aminopyrene , 645

2-Aminopyridine , 153

Aminosilanes , 567 , see also

APTS

Aminoxy group , 29 , 394 , 669

of O-ECAT reagent , 658

Ammonia , 42 , 183 , 264 , 777

coupling to aldehydes , 124

Ammonium chloride , 403 , 419

Ammonium ion

reaction with an epoxide

, 174

AMP

immobilized , 977

Amphipathic , 863 , 866 , 878

Amphiphilic , 858 , 938

Amylopectin , 951

An , 640

ANB-NOS

general description and use ,

312

Anderson , 164 , 194 , 228 , 230 ,

781 , 946

Andersson , 629

Ando , 407 , 408

André , 371

Angiotensin II , 243

Anhydrides , 102 , 159

as blocking agents , 157

formation using DCC ,

225

glutaric anhydride , 105–106

maleic anhydride , 106

modiﬁ cation of

amines , 102

PEG with , 940

Index 1137

DTPA , 499 , 820

SAMSA , 81

reactions of , 178

succinic , 103

Anikeeva , 489 , 493

Aniline , 42

Aniline derivatives , 548

Anin , 192

Anjaneyulu , 219 , 222 , 237 ,

765

Annan , 650

Annunziato , 171 , 199 , 200

Anterograde tracing studies ,

509 , 951

Anthopoulos , 638

Anthranilic Acid , 153

Anthraquinones

reactions of , 205

Antibodies , 22 , 90 , 116 , 156 ,

271 , 272 , 284 , 290 , 302 ,

306

activation with

PDTP , 844

SMCC , 852

SPDP , 836 , 839 , 840

sulfo-SMCC , 790 , 850

adsorption density onto

particles , 592

as targeting component , 961

biotinylated , 462 , 506 , 805 ,

904 , 914

biotinylation of , 817

biotinylation at sulfhydryl

sites , 520

bispeciﬁ c , 717

carbohydrate speciﬁ c , 148

class , 785

carrier-speciﬁ c , 753

conjugates with

enzymes

removal of unconjugated

enzyme , 812

lymphokines , 824

conjugation

through carbohydrate

regions , 787

liposomes , 881

toxin using SIAB , 848

toxins using cystamine ,

844

toxins using SMPT , 841

toxins via disulﬁ de

exchange , 834

using

aldehyde/hydrazine

reaction , 675

glutaraldehyde ,

797

with

enzymes , 787

glutaraldehyde , 798

intact toxins , 830

reduced antibodies , 790

ricin A chain using SMPT ,

842

SMCC-activated enzymes ,

788

toxins using oxidized dex-

tran , 857

periodate-oxidized HRP ,

131

phycobiliproteins , 462

coupled to dextran , 954

coupling to

carboxylate particles , 626

dendrimers , 362

hydrazide particles , 614

liposomes using NHS-

palmitate , 886

coupling toxins to , 824

coupling with deglycosylated

ricin A chains , 830

cross-linking with DSP , 239

cytotoxic complexes , 824

detection using

biotinylated immunoglobu-

lin binding proteins ,

905

protein A–gold , 930

dextran conjugate with toxins ,

824

digestion with pepsin , 807

directed against cross-bridge ,

277

drug conjugates of , 824

EDC conjugation to

liposomes , 889

effect of sodium cyanoboro-

hydride , 232

enzymatic digestion of , 786

enzyme conjugates of , 966

enzyme conjugation

controlling size of

conjugates , 802

with DPDPB , 257

ﬂ uorescein labeled , 403 , 919

ﬂ uorescently-labeled , 817

, 403

fragments

conjugation using , 807

functioning as B chain in

immunotoxins , 830

 -galactosidase conjugate , 965

glucose oxidase conjugate ,

965

glycosylation sites , 785

gold labeling of , 931

gold labeled , 927

humanized mouse

monoclonals , 826

immobilization, protein

A/DMP method , 253

immunotoxin conjugate

design , 829

labeling with

AMCA-hydrazide , 439

NHS-ﬂ uorescein , 405

NHS-rhodamine , 421

radionuclides , 498 , 820

TRITC , 419

liposome conjugates , 824 , 858

modiﬁ cation

and conjugation of , 783

with

chelating polymer , 500

bifunctional chelating

agents , 498

biotin-HPDP , 523

chelation agents , 820

DFA , 503

DTPA , 499

DTTA , 502

ﬂ uorescein-5-thiosemicar-

bazide , 413

99m

Tc through sulfhydryls ,

503

NHS-iminobiotin , 516 ,

517

NHS-LC-biotin , 514

sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin , 518

1138 Index

Antibodies ( continued )

monoclonal , 498 , 824

optimal ﬂ uorophore

incorporation, 819

papain digestion of , 808

partial reduction using DTT ,

854

partially reduced , 853

periodate oxidation of , 803

periodate oxidized , 805

conjugation with amine or

hydrazide derivatives ,

805

pI of , 926

preserving antigen binding

sites, 277

primary , 819

production , 745

protection of antigen binding

site, 21

radioimmunoconjugates , 498

radiolabeling of , 817 , 819

radiolabeled , 787

reactions with sodium

cyanoborohydride

, 174

recombinant , 787 , 826

reduction

of disulﬁ des , 88

with 2-mercaptoethylamine ,

93 , 436

reductive amination with

enzymes, 804

role of, in immunotoxins , 829

SATA modiﬁ ed , 797

secondary , 819

single-chain , 826

site-directed conjugation of ,

786

SMCC activated , 832

structure of , 784

thiolation

at carbohydrate residues ,

504

of , 788

using

PDPH , 504

SPDP , 849

with

2-iminothiolane , 793

SATA , 73 , 795

SPDP , 834 , 838

Antibody–deglycosylated ricin

A chain

large-scale preparation of , 841

Antibody–enzyme conjugates ,

134 , 235 , 283 , 290

puriﬁ cation by immunoafﬁ nity

chromatography , 813

puriﬁ cation using metal

chelate afﬁ nity

chromatography , 814

removal of unconjugated

enzyme, 812

Antibody–enzyme conjugation ,

134 , 268 , 287

using NHS ester–maleimide

cross-linkers, 788

Antibody–liposome conjugates ,

882

Antibody immunoconjugates for

cancer , 824

Antibody recognition

against a cross-linker , 755

Antibody response

to liposome immunogens , 879

toward

polymerized haptens , 757

cross-linker , 768

Antibody titer , 747

Antibody–toxin conjugates

formation via pyridyl disulﬁ de

cross-linkers, 834

Antigen binding sites , 94 , 90 ,

297 , 503 , 504 , 785 , 793 ,

805 , 809 , 810 , 813 , 814 ,

819 , 826 , 832 , 967

blocking of , 784 , 786

Antigen–MHC complex , 745

Antigen presenting cells , 750

Antigen speciﬁ city , 498

Antigenic determinants ,

829 ,

830 , 881

Antigenic speciﬁ city

, 783

Antigenicity

of liposomal vesicles , 879

Antigens , 523 , 754 , 817 , 883

deﬁ nition of , 745

detection using

biotinylated antibodies , 914

colloidal gold labeling , 924

encapsulation in liposomes ,

880

immobilized , 783 , 813

localized using avidin–biotin

interactions, 904

attachment to liposomes , 858

detection of using ﬂ uorescently-

labeled antibodies , 818

Antimisiaris , 879

Antineoplastic , 951

Antioxidants , 555

Antiparallel ,

Aoi , 366 , 367

Aorta , 243

AP , 787

APDP

general description and use ,

326

iodination of , 560

APG , 334–335

Apkarian , 951

Aplysia gonad lectin , 932

Apple , 116 , 750 , 879

APTS , 623

ﬂ uorescent dye linked , 623

general description and use ,

568

glass slide modiﬁ cation using ,

387

modiﬁ cation with bis-NHS-

PEG compounds , 714

reaction conditions , 569

silica particle modiﬁ cation

using, 618

Arabinose , 38

Archakov , 1005

Arginine ,

oxidation of , 28

reaction

of guanidinyl group with

glyoxals, 333

with

APG , 334

glyoxal , 201

solvent exposed area , 30

pKa , 9

Arginine vasopressin

conjugation with cBSA , 750

Argon–krypton mixed laser , 424 ,

430

Index 1139

Argon laser , 424 , 429

Argos , 29

Armstrong , 509 , 583

Arnaud , 474

Arriagada , 620

Arsenate , 963

Arshady , 594

Artiﬁ cial proteases , 1032

Aryl amine , 175

Aryl azides , 325 , 510

effect of

hydroxyl groups on ring ,

304

nitro groups on ring , 304

general properties , 261

in biotinylation reagents , 530

iodinatable , 560

ABH , 331

ABNP ,

336

ANB-NOS , 312

APDP , 326

APG , 334–335

ASBA , 333

ASIB , 325

HSAB , 309

NHS-ASA , 305

photobiotin , 531

SADP , 314

SAED (AMCA derivative) ,

317

SAND , 312

SANPAH , 310

SASD , 306

sulfo-SAMCA (AMCA

derivative) , 319

sulfo-SAPB , 316

sulfo-SBED , 337

perﬂ uorinated , 303 , 305

reaction with sulfhydryls ,

304

reactions of , 204

ring expansion of , 303

Aryl halides , 259 , 260

chemistry of , 175

reactions of , 185

Aryl thioester , 698

Arylamines , 41 , 126

formation by reaction with

diﬂ urobenzene derivatives ,

260

Arylating agents

reactions of , 185

ASBA

general description and use ,

333

iodination of , 560

ascorbate , 505 , 683 , 961

ascorbate radical , 1035

ascorbic acid , 19 , 39 , 174 , 726 ,

1032

for reductive amination , 232

Ashcroft , 634

Ashwell , 46 , 122 , 130

Asialofetuin

immobilized , 831 , 852

ASIB

general description and use ,

325

Asparagine , 6 , 46

solvent exposed area , 30

Aspartic acid , 7

oxidation of , 28

pKa , 7

solvent exposed area , 30

Aspergillus niger , 965

Aspergillus Restrictus , 827

Astatine , 549

Atassi , 108 , 159

, 945

Atha , 413

Atkinson , 244

Atomic mass units (amu) , 1008

ATP , 19 , 62

ATPase , 254 , 255 , 410 , 413 , 423

Atrial natriuretic factor , 243

Autoﬂ uorescence , 431

Avian sarcoma virus , 256

Avidin , 303 , 336 , 376 , 385 , 506 ,

512 , 517 , 520 , 523 , 524 ,

526 , 537 , 538 , 991

activation with bis-hydrazides ,

270

afﬁ nity constant with biotin ,

900

as egg-white protein , 508

binding to

ABNP cross-links , 337

biotinylated PE in

liposomes , 883

biotinylated phospholipids ,

883

sulfo-SBED cross-links , 337

biotin binding site , 506

charge interaction with

quantum dots , 489

comparison to streptavidin ,

901

conjugates of , 900

conjugation

HRP using reductive

amination , 911

liposomes , 883

using

glutaraldehyde , 913

reductive amination , 910

with

enzymes using SMCC , 906

ferritin using reductive

amination

, 910

HRP using reductive

amination , 912

phycobiliproteins , 462

phycoerythrin , 918

denaturation of , 901

dendrimer derivative , 379

double labeling systems using ,

915

effect of periodate , 393

enzyme conjugate of , 509 , 531

enzyme labeled , 905

ﬂ uorescently labeled , 904 , 914

general description and use ,

900

gold labeled , 905 , 927

gold labeling of , 934

HABA binding characteristics ,

922

hydrazide-activated , 270 , 904 ,

968

iminobiotin binding of , 515

immobilized , 338 , 516 , 518 ,

523 , 530

interaction with

biotin , 508 , 817 , 900

biotinylated antibodies , 817

biotinylated liposomes , 888

iminobiotin , 506

maleimide-activated , 908

modiﬁ cation with adipic

dihydrazide , 140