Hatch S.N. Computerized engine controls
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643
5-volt reference, 48
42-volt systems, 130–132
A
Absolute pressure sensor, 548–549
A/C cutout relay, 499
Acceleration mode, 292
Acceleration simulation mode (ASM), 194
Accessory power outlets, 364
Active control engine mount (ACEM), 565
Active voltage, 238
Actuators, 72, 93–96
Adaptive cruise control, 461–462
Adaptive strategy, 377–379
AdvanceTrac™ System, 464–465
Air bypass (AIRB) valve, 128
Air diverter (AIRD) valve, 128
Air injection reaction (AIR) system, 127–129,
318–321, 339
Air management valve designs, 320–321
Air mass, measuring, 82–85
Air temperature sensor, 525
Air-assisted fuel injectors, 459
Air-conditioner switch, 548
Air-conditioning (A/C) control, 328
Air-conditioning (A/C) switch, 256, 286
Air-conditioning clutch cycling switch, 399
Air-conditioning demand, 399
Air/fuel delivery testing, 516
Air/fuel mixture, 44
Air/fuel ratio and gas performance, 113–115
Airflow meter, 517–518, 523
Alternate fuel compatibility, 446
Alternating current (AC), 4
Altitude sensor, 526
Amperage, 11
Amplitude, 158–159
Ampule, 626
Analog computer, 44
Anodes, 28, 626
Arbitration, 239, 241
Armature conductors, 9
Armature core, 9
Armature shaft, 9
Asian computer control systems
diagnosis and service, 555
Honda: Programmed Fuel Injection (PGM-FI)
barometric pressure (baro) sensor, 568
diagnosis and service, 581
direct gasoline injection, 581
EGR system, 574
electronic load detection (ELD), 574–575
electronic throttle control, 575
engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor, 570
EVAP control system, 574
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve lift
sensor, 574
fuel injector air (FIA) control valve system, 572
fuel injectors, 572
fuel pump circuit, 572
heated oxygen sensors, 568
idle air control system, 561
ignition coils, 573
ignition pickups: coil-at-plug applications, 571
ignition pickups: early distributor
applications, 570–571
ignition pickups: newer distributor
applications, 571
Index
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644 Index
Asian computer control systems (continued)
inputs, 568
intake air temperature (IAT) sensor, 570
knock sensor, 570
linear air/fuel (LAF) sensor, 568–570
main relay, 572
manifold absolute pressure sensor, 568
outputs, 572–575
pressure absolute (PA) sensor, 568
throttle position (TP) sensor, 570
variable valve timing and lift electronic
control (VTEC), 575–581
inputs
absolute pressure sensor, 548–549
air-conditioner switch, 548
automatic transmission diagnostic
communications line, 550
battery voltage/electrical load, 549
camshaft position (CM) sensor, 544
ceramic zirconia oxygen sensors, 546
closed throttle position switch, 547
crankshaft position (CKP) sensor, 544–545
EGR temperature sensor, 548
engine coolant temperature sensor, 545–546
EVAP system pressure sensor, 549
front heated oxygen sensors, 546
fuel temperature sensor, 550
ignition switch, 547
intake air temperature (IAT) sensor, 548
knock sensor (KS), 548
mass airflow (MAF) sensor, 545
park/neutral (P/N) switch, 547
power steering oil pressure switch, 549
rear heated oxygen sensor, 550
throttle position (TP) sensor, 547
vehicle speed sensor (VSS), 549–550
Nissan air-cleaning radiator, 555
Nissan intake manifold swirl control system,
554–555
Nissan Supercharger, 554
Nissan: Electronic Concentrated Control
System (ECCS), 542–544
outputs
air-conditioning relay, 553
cooling fan relay, 553
EGR solenoid valve, 552
EVAP system controls, 553
fast idle cam, 552
front and rear oxygen sensors, 552–553
front engine mount control, 553
fuel injectors, 550
fuel pump pressure, 552
fuel pump relay and fuel pump control
module, 551
IACV-AAC valve and IACV-FICD solenoid
valve, 550–551
ignition coil power transistor, 552
malfunction indicator lamp, 552
oxygen sensor heaters, 552–553
overview, 541
Toyota computer-controlled system (TCCS)
active control engine mount (ACEM), 565–566
camshaft position (CMP) sensor, 558
compressed natural gas (CNG), 565
crankshaft position (CKP) sensor, 558
diagnosis and service, 566–568
EGR system, 562
EGR temperature sensor, 557–558
engine coolant temperature sensor, 557
EVAP control system, 563
fuel injectors, 558–559
fuel pump circuit, 559–560
heated oxygen sensors, 556–557
idle air control system, 561
ignition coils, 561–562
inputs, 556–558
knock sensors (KS), 557
mass airflow (MAF) sensor, 567
outputs, 558–565
overview, 555
supplemental restraint system (SRS), 565
throttle position sensor (TPS), 557
two-way exhaust control, 564
variable valve timing with intelligence
(VVT-i), 563–564
two-trip malfunction detection, 555
Assembly line communications link (ALCL), 247
Assembly line data link (ALDL), 247
Atomic structure, 4
Atoms, 3
Automatic idle speed (AIS) motor, 492–493
Automatic shutdown relay (ASD), 472
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Index 645
Automatic transmission diagnostic
communications line, 550
Auxiliary air device, 532
Auxiliary battery, 590–591
Auxiliary coolant pump, 460
AXOD (automatic transaxle overdrive), 396–398
B
Background noise, 348
Baro read solenoid, 478
Barometric pressure, 79
Barometric pressure sensor, 384, 526
Barrier potential, 26
Base engine strategy, 376
Base timing check, 414
Battery temperature sensor, 489
Battery voltage, 274, 527
Battery voltage correction, 262, 292
Battery voltage/electrical load, 549
Baud rate, 49
Bi-fuel systems, 459
Bias voltage, 253
Bidirectional data bus, 307
Binary code, 47, 232
Binary numbers, 49
Binary-to-hex conversion, 209
Bipolar transistors, 31
Bit, 47, 234
Block learn, 330
Body control module (BCM) 800 circuit, 306–307
Brake on/off switch, 398–399
Breakdown voltage, 27
Breakout box, 153–154, 436
Byte, 47, 234
C
C31 system, 326
Calculation packet (CALPAK), 283
Camshaft position (CMP) sensor, 444, 544, 558
Canister purge, 222–224, 418–419
Canister purge and evaporative system monitor,
222–224
Canister purge solenoid, 498
Canister purge system, 498
Canister purge/heat control system, 418–419
Capacitor, 381
CARB (California Air Resource Board), 201–202
Catalyst, 122
Catalyst efficiency monitor, 217–218
Catalyst monitor sensor (CMS), 217
Catalytic converter efficiency test, 352
Catalytic converters, 64, 122–125, 273
Cathode, 27, 627
Central fuel injection, 374, 400
Central multiport fuel injection (CMFI), 310–311
Central port fuel injection (CMFI) systems, 313
Central sequential fuel injection (CSFI), 312–313
Ceramic zirconia oxygen sensors, 546
Charcoal canister purge, 276–277, 325–326
Charging circuit control, 499
Charging circuit voltage, 489
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) leakage monitor, 224
Chrysler Collusion Detection (C2D) system, 236
Circuit faults, 20–22
Circuits
circuit control, 14
circuit production, 14
components, 14
conduct current, 14
functions of, 14
load, 14
parallel circuits, 17
series circuits, 16
series string in parallel, 20
series-parallel circuits, 19
types of, 14–15
voltage source, 14
Clamping diode, 31
Clear flood, 251, 291
Climate control panel (CCP), 280
Clock pulses, 53
Close-coupled catalytic converters, 354
Closed loop, 64–65, 523
Closed throttle position switch, 547
Code pulling, 150
Coil peak current cutoff, 531
Coil-near-plug (CNP), 118
Coil-on-plug (COP), 118, 450, 494
Coil-per-plug (CPP), 445
Cold-start emissions reduction, 455
Cold-start injector, 308–309, 311
Collector, 31
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646 Index
Component ID (CID), 211
Comprehensive component monitor (CCM), 221
Compressed natural gas (CNG), 565
Compression test, 610
Compressor clutch control circuit, 341
Computed timing check, 433–434
Computer command control system (CCC)
system, 247
Computer-controlled coil ignition (C31), 299
Computer-controlled dwell, 406
Computer-controlled hydraulic cooling fan, 460
Computers, 43–44
Concentration sampling, 192, 195
Conduct current, 14
Conductors, 14
Constant volume sampling (CVS), 194
Continuous injection systems (CIS), 512
Continuous memory codes, 430, 433
Continuous monitor mode (wiggle test),
434–435
Continuously variable transmission (CVT), 587
Control unit, 514
Conventional current flow versus electron
current flow, 26
Conversational speech interface technology, 463
Converter, 591
Converter efficiency, 64
Coolant temperature sensor, 77, 525
Cooling fan control, 272, 425
Cooling fan override, 327–328
Cooling fan relay, 553
Coulomb, 11
Covalent bonds, 22
Crank 3x sensor, 301
Cranking mode, 251
Cranking signal, 306
Crankshaft position (CKP) sensor, 119, 348–349
Cross counts, 223–224
Cruise control brake switch, 489
Cruise control enable (on/off switch), 500
Cruise control power valve, 374
Cruise control vacuum solenoid, 416–417
Cruise resume/accelerate switch, 462
Current, 4
Current over time, 167
Current ramping, 171–179
Current-controlled injectors, 105
Cylinder identification sensor, 388–390
D
DaimlerChrysler fuel injection systems
Chrysler Collusion Detection (C2D) system, 500
diagnosis and service
active command mode, 505
actuator test mode (ATM), 505
diagnostic test mode, 505
driveability test procedure, 507
engine running test mode, 506
OBD II diagnostics, 507
onboard diagnostics (pre OBD II), 504–505
sensor test mode, 506
switch test mode, 505
test mode 10, 506
test modes, 505–506
testing without the scan tool, 506
electronic stability program (ESP), 504
electronic throttle control, 501–502
inputs
baro read solenoid, 478
battery temperature sensor, 489
charging circuit voltage, 489
detonation (knock) sensor, 489
direct ignition system (DIS), 485
distributer reference pickup (REF pickup),
482–483
distributive sync pickup (SYNC pickup),
483–489
engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor, 479
Hall effect pickup, 482–483
inductive pickup, 483
intake air temperature (IAT) sensor, 479
manfold absolute pressure sensor, 477–478
mass airflow (MAF) sensor, 482
optical distributor, 483–487
oxygen sensor, 478
range-switching temperature sensor,
479–480
switch inputs, 489
throttle body temperature sensor, 479
throttle position sensor (TPS), 478
TMAP sensor, 481
TMAP strategy, 481–482
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Index 647
vehicle speed sensor (VSS), 487–488
waste spark ignition, 485
magnetic interference, 501
multi-displacement system (MDS), 502–504
multiplexing (MUX) systems, 500–501
multipoint system (MPI), 471
outputs
A/C cutout relay, 499
automatic idle speed (AIS) motor, 492
canister purge solenoid, 498
charging circuit control, 499
coil-on-plug (COP), 494–496
detonation control, 496
DIS coil packs, 494
distributor ignition (DI), 494
Dodge Hemi ignition system, 494–496
EGR control solenoid, 497–498
EGR valve temperature sensor, 498
electric fuel pump, 490–491
fuel pressure regulator, 491
ignition coils, 494–496
ignition timing, 493
injectors, 489–490
malfunction indicator light (MIL), 500
OBD II EGR monitoring strategy, 498
radiator fan relay, 498
returnless fuel system, 491
revised boost control, 497
semireturnless fuel system, 491
single coil, 494
SMEC/SBEC-controlled cruise control, 500
torque converter lockup clutch, 499–500
vehicle maximum speed governor, 500
wastegate control solenoid, 496–497
powertrain control module (PCM)
adaptive memory, 476
automatic shutdown relay (ASD), 475–476
closed loop, 476
limp-in mode, 477
logic module/power module, 472–474
open loop, 476
operating modes, 476–477
primer function, 476
single-board engine controller (SBEC),
474–475
single-module engine control (SMEC), 474
programmable communication interface
(PCI), 501
sequential fuel injection, 490
single-point system, 490
Data bus configuration, 235–236
Data bus network, 232, 233
Data link connector (DLC), 203–204
Data links, 55
Data stream, 138, 151, 416
DC motor idle speed control (ISC), 414
Delta pressure feedback EGR (DPFE), 451
Demultiplexor (DMUX), 232
Depletion zone, 25
Detonation, 265
Detonation (knock) sensor, 254, 489
Detonation control, 496
Detonation sensor, 90–91, 305
Diagnostic link connector (DLC), 203, 205
Diagnostic management software, 215–216
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC), 136–138
Differential pressure feedback EGR (DPFE), 451
Digital EGR valve, 323–325
Digital microprocessors, 44
Digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs), 166–181
Digital volt-ohmmeters (DVOMs), 156–166
Diode symbols, 27–28
Diodes, 26–27
Direct current (DC), 4
Direct gasoline injection, 581
Direct ignition system (DIS), 485
DIS coil packs, 494
Displacement on demand (DOD), 360
Distributer reference pickup (REF pickup), 482
Distributive sync pickup (SYNC pickup),
483–487
Distributor ignition (DI), 117, 494
Distributor reference pulse (REF), 253–254
Distributor reference signal (REF), 254
Distributorless ignition system, 313–317,
407–413
Doping, 22–24
Drive cycle, 213–214
Driveability, 44
DTC data, 227
Dual range sensor, 78
Dual spray fuel injectors, 347
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648 Index
Duty cycle, 93
Duty-cycled and pulse-width solenoids, 93–94
Dwell control, 531
E
E-cells, 66–67
E-core coil, 386–387
Early fuel evaporation (EFE), 126–127, 273–274
EEPROM, 353
EGR, 274–275
EGR chuggle, 284
EGR control, 419–421
EGR control solenoid, 497–498
EGR diagnostic switch, 305
EGR solenoid valve, 552
EGR system, 574
EGR system module (ESM), 452
EGR system monitor, 220–221
EGR temperature sensor, 548, 534–535
EGR vacuum regulator (EVR), 421–422EGR
valve control, 533
EGR valve position (EVP) sensor, 392, 451
EGR valve temperature sensor, 498
Electric cooling fans, 278–279, 327–328
Electric fuel pumps, 108–109, 310, 490–491
Electric motors, 95–96
Electrical circuits, 2
Electro fuel pump, 1058–109
Electromagnets, 7–8
Electromotive force, 11
Electron theory, 3–5
Electronic circuits, 2
Electronic cooling fan, 278–279
Electronic distributorless ignition system (EDIS),
413–414
Electronic ignition, 117
Electronic ignition timing, 62
Electronic load detection (ELD), 574–575
Electronic returnless fuel injection system,
447–449
Electronic schematics, 484
Electronic spark control (ESC), 264–265,
317–318
Electronic spark timing (EST), 262–264
Electronic spark timing (EST)/distributorless
ignition systems, 313
Electronic stability program (ESP), 504
Electronic throttle control (ETC), 355–356,
359–360, 501–502, 593
Electronic transmission control, 533–535
Elements, 3
Emission control systems
air injection reaction (AIR) system, 127–128
catalytic converters, 122–125
early fuel evaporation, 126–127
evaporative and canister purge systems,
128–129
exhaustive gas recirculation, 129–130
positive crankcase ventilation, 125–126
thermostatic air cleaner, 126
Emission controls, 273–274
Emission standards, 44
Emitter, 31, 32
End of data pulse (EOD), 239
Engine calibration, 44, 73–74
Engine calibration assembly, 376
Engine coolant temp fuel disable, 347
Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor, 252,
296, 344–345, 381, 443, 479, 545–546,
557, 570
Engine fuel injector cooling tube, 425–426
Engine governor, 528
Engine metal overtemp mode, 347, 369
Engine parameters, 81
Engine speed sensor, 523–524
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 201
Erased learned ability, 285
Erasing continuous memory codes, 430, 433
European (Bosch) engine control systems
continuous injection systems (CIS), 515–516
control unit, 518–519
diagnosis and service, 536
inputs
air temperature sensor, 525
airflow meter, 517–518
altitude sensor, 526
battery voltage, 527
coolant temperature sensor, 525
engine speed sensor, 523–524
knock sensor, 526
oxygen sensor (lambda sensor), 525–526
reference (crankshaft position) sensor, 524
Copyright 2009 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
Licensed to:
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Index 649
starter signal, 526–527
throttle valve switch, 524–525
motronic, 513, 518
motronic test section, 536
OBD II update, 535–536
onboard diagnostics, 519
operating modes
acceleration, 523
closed loop, 523
cranking, 521
deceleration (overrun), 523
post start-up, 521
warm-up, 521–523
wide-open throttle (WOT), 523
outputs
auxiliary air device, 532
coil peak current cutoff, 531
dwell control, 531
EGR valve control, 533
electronic transmission control, 533–535
engine governor, 528
evaporative emissions control, 533
fuel pressure pulsation damper, 529–530
fuel pressure regulator, 529
fuel pump relay, 529
idle speed control, 532
ignition timing, 530–531
injectors, 527–528
rotary idle control valve, 532
spark knock control, 531
start-stop control, 535
turbo boost control, 532–533
overview, 512–514
pulsed injection systems, 512, 516–518
EVAP control system, 563, 574
EVAP system pressure sensor, 549
Evaporative and canister purge systems,
128–130
Evaporative emission test, 352
Evaporative emissions control, 533, 534
Evaporative emissions system, 544
Evaporative system monitor, 222–224
Evaporative/canister purge system, 453
Event spark, 118
Excessive resistance, 21
Exhaust gas analyzer, 607–608
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), 274–275,
321–325
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve lift
sensor, 570
Exhaust gases, 63–64
Exhaust oxygen sensors, 74–76
Exhausted gas analyzers, 187, 607–608
Exhaustive gas recirculation, 129–130
External resistor, injectors with, 105–106
F
Fail-safe cooling, 460
Failure mode effects management (FMEM), 437
Fast codes, 428
Fast idle cam, 552
Faults
diagnostic trouble faults, 135
hard faults, 136
soft faults, 135–136
Federal test procedure (FTP), 194
Feedback circuit, 54
Field poles, 8
Field service mode, 281
Fire suppression system, 465
Five-gas emissions analyzer, 192
Flowcharts, 144
Flux field, 9
Flux, magnetic, 6
Ford’s Electronic Engine Control IV (EEC IV)
A/C and cooling fan electronic module, 425
A/C and fan cooling control, 425–426
adaptive strategy, 377–379
adaptive strategy and driveability, 437
air-conditioning clutch cycling switch, 399–400
air-conditioning demand, 399–400
air/fuel mixture control, 399–400
AXOD (automatic transaxle overdrive), 396–397
barometric pressure sensor, 384
base engine strategy, 376
base timing check, 414
brake on/off switch, 398
breakout box, 436
canister purge, 417–419
canister purge/heat control system, 418–419
capacitor, 381
central fuel injection, 374
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650 Index
Ford’s Electronic Engine Control IV (EEC IV)
(continued)
central fuel injection unit, 374
computed timing check, 433–434
computer-controlled dwell, 406
continuous memory codes, 430
continuous memory codes, erasing, 430
continuous monitor mode (wiggle test), 434
cylinder identification sensor, 388–390
data stream, 436
DC motor idle speed control (ISC), 415
diagnosis and service, 427–437
diagnostic routines, 427–428
distributorless ignition system, 407–409
E-core coil, 406
EGR control, 419–420
EGR vacuum regulator, 421–422
EGR valve position sensor, 323
electronic distributorless ignition system
(EDIS), 413–416
electronic fuel injection, 400–401
engine calibration assembly, 376
engine coolant temperature sensor, 381
engine fuel injector cooling tube, 425
engine system performance code pulling
procedural concepts, 430
engine system performance quick test, 435
equipment hookup, 428
erasing continuous memory codes, 430
exhaust gas oxygen sensor, 390–391
failure mode effects management
(FMEM), 437
fast codes, 428
fuel pressure regulator, 401–402
fuel pump, 400
fuel pump relay, 401
fuel supply system, 400
idle air bypass valve solenoid, 415–416
idle speed control, 415–416
idle tracking switch, 395
ignition diagnostic monitor, 390
ignition switch, 399
in-line canister purge (CANP) solenoid, 418
inertia switch, 402
inferred mileage sensor, 398
inputs, 381–400
intake air temperature sensor, 391–392
integrated vehicle speed control (IVSC),
427–428
IVSC speed control system performance code
pulling procedures, 436–437
key on, engine off (KOEO) self-test, 430
key on, engine running (KOER) self-test, 430
knock sensor (KS), 398
knock sensor (KS) response, 432
KOEO self-test and pulling continuous
memory codes, 430–432
KOER self-test, 432–433
limited operational strategy (LOS), 377
malfunction indicator light, 428
manifold absolute pressure sensor, 382–384
MAP/BP relocation, 438
mass airflow (MAF) sensor, 394
modulator strategy, 376–377
MPG lean cruise, 376
multipoint electronic fuel injection (EFI)
manifold, 374
octane adjustment, 414
octane rod adjustment, 407
operating modes, 376–381
output state check, 434
outputs, 399–427
overview, 373–374, 375
pinpoint testing, 436–437
power relay, 379–381
power steering pressure switch, 399
powertrain control module (PCM), 374–375
pressure sensors, 381–384
profile ignition pickup sensor, 386–387,
388, 389
programmed ride control, 427
SEFI cylinder balance test, 434–435
self-test connector, 429–430
self-test improvements, 436–437
self-test output, 430
sequential electronic fuel injection, 400
shift light indicator, 426
signal return (SIG RTN), 429
slow codes, 428
spark output, 404–406
speed density formula, 394
Star Tester, 428
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Index 651
Super Star II Tester, 428
thermactor air management, 416–417
thick film integrated ignition system (TFI-IV),
403–404
throttle kicker, 414–415
throttle position sensor, 384–385
top speed limiting, 427
torque converter clutch control, 422–425
torque converter lockup clutch, 397
transmission switches, 395–398
turbocharger boost control solenoid, 424–425
vane air temperature sensor, 394
vane airflow sensor, 394
vane meter, 393–394
vehicle speed sensor (VSS), 398
wide-open throttle (WOT) A/C cutout relay, 425
Ford’s Electronic Engine Control V (EEC V)
3.9-liter V8 engine, 454–455
adaptive cruise control, 461–462
AdvanceTrac System™, 464–465
air-assisted fuel injectors, 459
alternate fuel compatibility, 446
auxiliary coolant pump, 460–461
bi-fuel systems, 459
body and instrument control modules, 462–463
coil-on-plug (COP), 494
coil-per-plug (CPP), 445
computer-controlled hydraulic cooling fan, 460
conversational speech interface
technology, 463
diagnosis and service, 465–466
electronic throttle control (ETC), 454
emissions controls
delta pressure feedback EGR (DPFE), 451
differential pressure feedback EGR
(DPFE), 451
EGR system module (ESM), 452
EGR vacuum regulator (EVR), 451–452
EGR valve position (EVP) sensor, 451
evaporative/canister purge system, 453–454
exhaust gas recirculation (ERG) system,
451–452
pressure feedback EGR (PFE), 451
secondary air injection, 450–451
engine controls, 442
fail-safe cooling, 460
fire suppression system, 465
front electronic module (FEM), 462
generic electronic module (GEM), 462
inputs
camshaft position (CMP) sensor, 442–445
crankshaft position (CKP) sensor, 444
engine coolant temperature sensor, 443
heated oxygen sensors, 443–444
idle air control valve, 448
intake air temperature sensor, 442
knock sensor (KS), 444
mass airflow (MAF) sensor, 442
power steering pressure switch, 444
throttle position sensor (TPS), 442
vehicle speed sensor (VSS), 444
intake manifold runner control (IMRC), 458
intelligent architecture, 464
outputs
electronic returnless fuel injection system,
447–448
fuel injectors, 446, 447
fuel pressure regulator, 447
fuel pump relay, 445
ignition systems, 449–450
inertia switch, 445–446
return-type fuel injection system, 445–447
PCM updates, 454–455
powertrain control module (PCM), 442
rear electronic module (REM), 462
split port induction (SPI) system, 458
system overview, 441
throttle plate position controller (TPPC), 456
variable cam timing (VCT), 454
voice recognition/navigational systems, 462–463
Forward bias voltage, 26, 27
Free electrons, 4
Freeze frame, 203
Freeze frame data, 203
Front and rear oxygen sensors, 553
Front electronic module (FEM), 462
Front engine mount control, 553
Front heated oxygen sensors, 546
Fuel cell vehicle (FCV), 587, 596, 631
Fuel cutoff mode, 292
Fuel economy, 593–594
Fuel economy controls, 61–62
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