Федоров М.П. и др. Информационно-компьютерные технологии в строительстве. Применение программы SCAD для расчета сооружений на динамические воздействия
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50
.)()(
2
max
2
maxmax
MMM
cc
c
(1.113)
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɚɥɤɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ (ɪɢɫ. 1.24).
Ɋɢɫ. 1.24
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɜɟɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɤɭ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ tPtP T sin)(
o
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ (ɪɢɫ. 1.24, ɛ), ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ
ɩɪɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (ɪɢɫ. 1.25).
ɇɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1.24, ɚ) ɟɟ ɜɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɚ ɜɟɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ – ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.24, ɛ). Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɧɚ
ɨɩɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ, ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ 4 ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1.1).
Ɋɢɫ. 1.25
Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ e
g
G
emP T T
ɪ
2
ɪ
2
o
, ɝɞɟ e –
ɷɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɫɢɬɟɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ
gGm /
ɪɪ
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɶɸ (ɫɦ.
ɪɢɫ. 1.25). ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 5 ɦɦ.
o
P
e
Ɉ
tT
51
ɍɬɨɱɧɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ:
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɢɛ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɣ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɟɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ:
ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ;
ɨɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ tPtP
T
sin)(
o
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɛɚɥɤɢ.
ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ
ɋɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
SCAD.
ɋɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD
ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ [1, 2, 21-24], ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ.
1. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ 1 ɛɚɥɤɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɫɨɦ:
1.1. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ 4 ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1.1)
ɬɫ/ɦ6.0ɤɇ/ɦ886.581.95.2)6.04.0()(
ɛɛ
U ghbq .
1.2. ɂɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ
ɦɬɫ8.48/86.08/)(
22
ɛɛɛɫɬ
lqqM = 47.088 ɤɇ·ɦ.
1.3. ɉɪɨɝɢɛ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɦɦ1.4ɦ0.00145
384
51
)(
4
ɛɛ
8
0
ɛɫɬ
³
EI
lq
dxMM
EI
qu
p
.
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ 2 ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɫɨɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ:
2.1. ɋɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɜɟɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɬɫ5.1ɤɇ715.1481.95.1
ɞɞ
gmG .
2.2. ɂɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ
ɦɬɫ34/85.14/)(
ɛɞɞɫɬ
lGGM = 29.43 ɤɇ·ɦ.
2.3. ɉɪɨɝɢɛ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ (1.45) ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚ ɨɬ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɣ
ɫɢɥɵ
G
)
ɦɦ0.7ɦ0.0007
0072.01000186.348
)8(715.14
48
)(
7
3
3
ɞ
ɞɞɫɬ
G
EI
lG
GGu .
3. ɂɫɤɨɦɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ 1 ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ1 ɢ 2:
ɦɬɫ8.70.38.4)()()(
ɞɫɬɛɫɬɞɛɫɬ
GMqMGqM = 76.718 ɤɇ·ɦ.
52
ɦɦ1.2ɦɦ7.0ɦɦ4.1)()()(
ɞɫɬɛɫɬɞɛɫɬ
GuquGqu .
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ
1. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɛɚɥɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɜɭɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ 2 «ɋɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ» (ɩɨ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD [1, 2]) ɫ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɜ
ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ (ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ) ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ
(ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ) ɦɚɫɫɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ
g
ɛ
ɛɛɛ
q
g
AA
ɛ
ɛ
J
U P ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɦɢ
ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.1. 24, ɛ).
ȼɟɫ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.24, ɛ) ɪɚɜɟɧ
4
ɛ
ɛɛ3ɛ1
l
qGG
ɬɫ2.1
4
8
6.0 = 11.772 ɤɇ. ȼɟɫ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ:
ɬɫ4.2
2
8
6.0
2
ɛ
ɛɛ2
l
qG = 33.354 ɤɇ.
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ
2ɛ2ɞ2ɫ
mmm =
= (1.5+2.4)=3.9 ɬ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.24,ɛ). ȿɟ ɜɟɫ ɪɚɜɟɧ
2ɛɞ22ɫ
GGG
ɬɫ9.34.25.1
= 38.259 ɤɇ.
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ
(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.25).
2.1. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ
500 n
, 1/ ɦɢɧ,
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ
60/nf , 1 /ɫ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ – ɭɝɥɨɜɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
fS T 2, 1/ɫ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ
S2
ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ [20]:
ɪɚɞ/ɫ1/ɫ,33.5233.828.61/ɫ;33.860/500
T f
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ T,, fn ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ «ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ» ɪɨɬɨɪɚ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ, ɡɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ, ɡɚ 2
S ɫɟɤɭɧɞ.
2.2. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ:
ɬɫ42.0005.0
81.9
3.0
)33.52(
2
o
| P =4.162 ɤɇ.
3. ɉɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.14) ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ (1.51) ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɦ ɭɝɥɨɜɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɟɡɚɬɭɯɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ 4 ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 1.1):
08.72
1210108
641006.3
9.3
9.81
928.6
g
928.6
1
33
36
3
ɛ
2ɫ2ɫ2ɫ
G
G
Z
l
EI
GG
g
m
1/ɫ, ɪɚɞ/ɫ.
4. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.101) ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ E ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɵɲɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɟɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ:
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɧ
J ɧɟɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɧɭɥɸ:
53
11.2
)08.72/33.52(1
1
)/(1
1
22
ZT
E
.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɧ
J
ɧɟɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ (1.74) ɢ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
56.0 \
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɥɨɤ (ɫɦ. ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥ 1.2). Ɍɨɝɞɚ:
09.04/56.04/
ɧ
\
J
ɢ
08.2
)09.0())08.72/33.52(1(
1
)1(
1
222
2
ɧ
2
2
2
J
Z
T
E .
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ 1, ɬ. ɟ.
ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ.
5. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɦ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ 1 (
0
ɧ
J
).
5.1. Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ
S
c
ɢ S
cc
(1.111) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ
)(tS
(1.110) ɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ
o
S :
E
c
ooo
PJPS )( 89.011.242.0 ɬɫ = 8.731 ɤɇ;
0
cc
S .
SSSS
o
c
cc
c
22
)()( = 0.89 ɬɫ = 8.731 ɤɇ.
5.2. Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ )()(
ɫɬ
G
E
o
SuA :
ɦɦ4.0ɦ0004.0)0005.089.0(
A .
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
G
ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɭ )(
ɞɫɬ
Gu , ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɬ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɟɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɬɫ5.1
ɞ
G : G = (0.0007/1.5) | 0.0005 ɦ.
5.3. Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ
ɦɬɫ78.1)4/889.0(4/)4/(
ɛoɛoɫɬɞ
E E lSlPMM = 17.462 ɤɇ·ɦ.
ɋɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ (ɰɢɮɪɚ 1 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɡɧɚɤɭ +) ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ (ɰɢɮɪɚ 2 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɤɭ –) ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɛɚɥɤɢ:
¯
®
r r
ɦɦ1.7
ɦɦ5.2
4.01.2)()(
ɞɛɫɬ2,1
AGquu
.
¯
®
¯
®
r Er
ɦɤɇ056.59
ɦɤɇ980.93
ɦɬɫ02.6
ɦɬɫ58.9
78.18.7)()(
ɫɬɞɛɫɬ2,1
MGqMM .
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ɇɚɥɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ
7.0/ |ZT
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.20) 11.2
E .
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɥɚ ɫ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
(
1/ ZT ), ɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ
54
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɛɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ (ɫɦ. (1.103)):
1.1109.0/1/1
ɧ
J
E .
ɦɦ3.2ɦ0023.0)1.110005.042.0( A
.
ɦɬɫ33.91.11)4/842.0()4/(
ɛɫɬɞ
E E lPMM
o
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚ ɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɛɵ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ:
¯
®
r r
ɦɦ0.2
ɦɦ5.4
)3.2(1.2)()(
ɞɛɫɬ2,1
AGquu
.
¯
®
¯
®
r Er
ɦɤɇ009.15
ɦɤɇ045.168
ɦɬɫ53.1
ɦɬɫ13.17
33.98.7)()(
ɫɬɞɛɫɬ2,1
MGqMM .
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ
1/ Z
T
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɝɢɛ ɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ
TS /2
o
T
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɤ. Ɋɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɵɦɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɬɨ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ (ɡɧɚɤ +), ɬɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ (ɡɧɚɤ í ),
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ.
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɜɧɟ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ
ɢɫɤɨɦɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ
ɛɚɥɤɢ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.24, ɚ,ɛ). Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ SCAD ɭɠɟ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ [1, 2, 3], ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ.
1. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɵ 1 ɢ 2 ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ [1]
ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɜɭɯ Ʉɗ ɬɢɩɚ 2 «ɉɥɨɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɦɚ» (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.8,ɚ ɜ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 4 ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ 1.1).
2. ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ 3 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 1 ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 2
ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
3.
ɋɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 3 ɫ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɭ Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ «ȼɜɨɞ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ» ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ «ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ». ɇɚ ɩɨɥɟ «ȼɢɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ» ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ» ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ɝɚɪɦ-1») ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ «ɂɦɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ».
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ».
Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɨɤɧɚ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɜ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ,
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɟɝɨ.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ
Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
«ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ». ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ
«Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ», ɝɞɟ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
55
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɫɫ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ «ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ» ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ.
ȼ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ 1 ɩɨɞ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ
ɩɪ2,ɞ2
mmm , ɝɞɟ
)2()1(
ɩɪ2,
5.05.0 mmm = ɬ4.2)4.24.2(5.0 . Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɬ5.1
ɞ
m , ɬɨ 9.34.25.1
2
m ɬ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ
ɩɪ,2ɞ2
GGG =1.5 ɬɫ +2.4 ɬɫ =3.9 ɬɫ:
(Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɥɵ «Ɍ» ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɥɵ «ɬɫ»).
ȼ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ 2 ɩɨɞ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɫɫɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ 5.1
ɞ
m ɬ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɤɨɧ.
ȼ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ», ɜ
ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ «ȼɟɫ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ» ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɫ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ «ɩɨɝɨɧɧɵɣ» ɜɟɫ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ
56
ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 2 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.24, ɛ).
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ» ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ
ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɤ ɭɡɥɭ 2 ɢ, ɧɚɠɚɜ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɭɡɟɥ (ɷɬɨ
ɪɚɜɧɨɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ
ɭɡɥɟ 2 ɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɥɵ). ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ
Ɂɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ.
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɤɢ «ɩɨɝɨɧɧɵɦ» ɜɟɫɨɦ 6.0
ɛ
q ɬɫ =
= 5.886 ɤɇ ɛɚɥɤɢ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ
ɨɤɧɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ 1 ɢ 2 ɛɚɥɤɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɵ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ , , ɬɨ ɧɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɭɡɥɚ 2 ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɫɚ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜ
ɭɡɥɟ 2, ɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɫɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɚɥɤɢ. ɗɬɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɜɢɞ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɫɫ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ «ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ» (
ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.10
ɢ ɪɢɫ. 1.11).
ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɨɛɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 3 ɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ 4.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ 1 ɢ 2 ɢ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ɝɚɪɦ-1», ɭɠɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜ
ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ:
ɇɨ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ «ɇɨɦɟɪ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ» ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ.
ɇɚɞɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ «ɝɚɪɦ-1» ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɰɢɮɪɭ 3 (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɧɚ
ɷɬɚɩɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ 3), ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ (ɩɪɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ «ɝɚɪɦ-1-ɪɚɫɩɪ.) – ɰɢɮɪɭ 4).
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɚɩɚ 4 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ [1].
4. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ.
ȼɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ.
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ «Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ», ɝɞɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ 3 ɢ 4 ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ
ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ».
57
ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ» ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯ 3 ɢ 4 ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɦɫɹ (ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ 3.
1. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɫɨɜ ɦɚɫɫ (ɬɫ)
------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ȼȿɋɈȼ ɆȺɋɋ |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 - ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| Z 3.9 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
2. ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ
------------------------------------------------------------------
|Ɂɚɝpɭ: N : COȻCTB. : ɑ A C T O T ɕ : ɉEPɂOȾɕ|
| : ɉ/ɉ : :-----------------------------:---------|
|ɠɟɧɢɟ: : ɁHAɑEHɂə : 1/C : Ƚɐ : C |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 1 .0138734 72.08 11.48 .087 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Ɉɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɋɎɄ
------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɎɈɊɆɕ ɄɈɅȿȻȺɇɂɃ |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| Z 1.
|-----------------------------------------------------------------
-
4. ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɂɇȿɊɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| Z .87 |
| 3 - 2 |
| Z -.17 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ 1, 2, 3 ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɜɢɞ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ «ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ»
(ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 4 ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ 1.1).
ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ
SS
ccc
ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ
)(tS
. Ɂɧɚɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD [2, 24].
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ
o
S ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ )(tS (1.110) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.112):
58
22
)()( SSS
o
cc
c
=
22
)17,0()87.0( = 0.89 ɬɫ.
ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ». Ɂɧɚɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɤɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ
ɫɢɥɵ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚɦɢ SS
ccc
ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ
o
S ɧɚɡɜɚɧɚ
«ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ» ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ
o
S ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ
ɫɬ
2
umJ Z
ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ
Z
ɢ
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ
ɫɬ
u (ɫɦ. ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ 1.31), ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ E :
E EZ Z JumAmS )(
ɫɬ
22
o
.
ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 2 ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ
«Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ» ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ
ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɬɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ Ʉɗ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ 1, 2
ɢ 3.
------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɉȿɊȿɆȿɓȿɇɂə ɍɁɅɈȼ, ɦɦ |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 - ( ɫɜ-ɛ) |
| Z -1.45 |
| 2 - ( ɫɜ-ɞ) |
| Z -.73 |
| 3 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| Z -.42 |
| 3 - 2 |
| Z .08 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ, ɨɬ ɜɟɫɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ
42.0
c
A ɦɦ ɢ 08.0
cc
A ɦɦ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɢɥ
ɬɫ17.0ɢɬɫ87.0
cc
c
SS . Ɂɧɚɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɛɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɢ
Z ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɟɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 1.24,ɚ). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ
A ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ )(
tu (1.96) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.98):
22
)()( AAA
cc
c
=
22
)08.0()42.0(– 0.43 ɦɦ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ. Ɂɧɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɤɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɫɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ
A
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ
«Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ».
59
------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɍɋɂɅɂə /ɇȺɉɊəɀȿɇɂə/ ȼ ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺɏ, ɬɫ*ɦ |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2_ 1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 - ( ɫɜ-ɛ) |
| M 4.8 4.8 |
| 2 - ( ɫɜ-ɞ) |
| M 3. 3. |
| 3 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-1) |
| M 1.75 1.75 |
| 3 - 2 |
| M -.34 -.34 |
| 3 - S1 |
| M 1.78 1.78 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɨɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ,
ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ (ɫɬɪɨɤɚ S1) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.113).
ɂɫɤɨɦɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ 1, 2 ɢ 3 ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ:
¯
®
r r r
ɦɦ1.7
ɦɦ5.2
4.01.24.0)7.04.1()()(
ɞɛɫɬ2,1
AGquu
.
¯
®
¯
®
r Er
ɦɤɇ056.59
ɦɤɇ980.93
ɦɬɫ02.6
ɦɬɫ58.9
78.18.7)()(
ɫɬɞɛɫɬ2,1
MGqMM .
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɢɯ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɝɥɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ
T , ɫ
-1
, ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 08.72 Z , ɫ
-1
,
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ).
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ «Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ» ɷɬɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɟɣ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ
T = 72.08 ɫ
-1
), ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ «ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ» ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ» ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦɢ
67.4ɢ0
cc
c
SS ɬɫ = 45.813 ɤɇ:
------------------------------------------------------------------
| ɂɇȿɊɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ, ɬɫ |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| 5 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ1-ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ) |
| 5 - 2 |
| Z -4.67 |
------------------------------------------------------------------
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɷɬɢ ɠɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (1.111):
00)/1(
2
ɧ
2
J FE
c
oo
PPS ;