Duiker William J., Spielvogel Jackson J. The Essential World History
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Oe, Kenzaburo OH-ay, ken-zuh-BOO-roh
Olivares oh-lee-BAH-rayss
Olmec AHL-mek or OHL-mek
Omar Khayyam OH-mar ky-YAHM
Ometeotl oh-met-tee-AH-tul
optimates ahp-tuh-MAH-tayz
Oresteia uh-res-TY-uh
Orkhan or-KHAHN
Osaka oh-SAH-kuh
Osama bin Laden oh-SAH-muh bin LAH-dun
Osiris oh-SY-russ
Ostara oh-STAH-ruh
Ostpolitik OHST-poh-lee-teek
ostrakon AHSS-truh-kahn
Ostrogoths AHSS-truh-gahthss
Ovid OH-vid
Oxenstierna, Axel OOK-sen-shur-nah,
AHK-sul
Pacal pa-KAL
Pachakuti pah-chah-KOO-tee
Paekche bayk-JEE
Pagan puh-GAHN
Paleologus pay-lee-AWL-uh-guss
Panaetius puh-NEE-shuss
Pankhurst, Emmeline PANK-hurst
papal curia PAY-pul KYOOR-ee-uh
Papen, Franz von PAH-pun, FRAHNTS fun
Paracelsus par-uh-SELL-suss
Parlement par-luh-MAHNH
Parti Québécois par-TEE kay-bek-KWAH
Pascal, Blaise pass-KAHL, BLEZ
Pasternak, Boris PASS-tur-nak, buh-REESS
Pasteur, Louis pass-TOOR, LWEE
Pataliputra pah-tah-lee-POO-truh
paterfamilias pay-tur-fuh-MEEL-yus
Pensées pahnh-SAY
Pentateuch PEN-tuh-took
Pepin PEP-in or pay-PANH
perestroika per-uh-STROI-kuh
Pergamum PUR-guh-mum
Pericles PER-i-kleez
perioeci per-ee-EE-see
Perpetua pur-PET-choo-uh
Pétain, Henri pay-TANH, AHN-ree
Petite Roquette puh-TEET raw-KET
Petrarch PEE-trark or PET-trark
Petronius pi-TROH-nee-uss
phalansteries fuh-LAN-stuh-reez
philosophe fee-loh-ZAWF
Phintys FIN-tiss
Phoenicians fuh-NEE-shunz
Photius FO
H-shuss
Picasso, Pablo pi-KAH-soh
Pietism PY-uh-tiz-um
Pilsudski, Joseph peel-SOOT-skee
Piscator, Erwin PIS-kuh-tor, AYR-vin
Pisistratus puh-SIS-truh-tuss
Pissarro, Camille pee-SAH-roh, kah-MEEL
Pizan, Christine de pee-ZAHN, kris-TEEN duh
Pizarro, Francesco puh-ZAHR-oh, frahn-
CHESS-koh
Planck, Max PLAHNK
Plantagenet plan-TAJ-uh-net
Plassey PLASS-ee
Plato PLAY-toh
Plautus PLAW-tuss
plebiscita pleb-i-SEE-tuh
Poincaré, Raymond pwanh-kah-RAY, ray-
MOHNH
polis POH-liss
politiques puh-lee-TEEKS
Pollaiuolo, Antonio pohl-ly-WOH-loh
Poltava pul-TAH-vuh
Polybius puh-LIB-ee-uss
Pombal, marquis de pum-BAHL, mar-KEE duh
Pompadour, madame de POM-puh-door, mah-
DAHM duh
Pompeii pahm-PAY
Pompey PAHM-pee
pontifex maximus PAHN-ti-feks MAK-si-muss
Popul Vuh puh-PUL VOO
populares PAWP-oo-lahr-ayss
populo grasso PAWP-oo-loh GRAH-soh
Postumus PAHS-choo-muss
Potosí poh-toh-SEE
Potsdam PAHTS-dam
Poussin, Nicholas poo-SANH, NEE-koh-lah
Praecepter Germaniae PREE-sep-tur gayr-
MAHN-ee-ee
praetor PREE-tur
Prakrit PRAH-krit
Pravda PRAHV-duh
Primo de Rivera PREE-moh day ri-VAY-ruh
primogeniture pree-moh-JEN-i-chur
princeps PRIN-seps
Principia prin-SIP-ee-uh
Procopius pruh-KOH-pee-uss
procurator PROK-yuh-ray-tur
Ptolemaic tahl-uh-MAY-ik
Ptolemy TAHL-uh-mee
Pugachev, Emelyan poo-guh-CHAWF, yim-yil-
YAHN
Punic PYOO-nik
Putin, Vladimir
POO-tin
Py
ongyang pyawng-YANG
Pyrrhic PEER-ik
Pyrrhus PEER-uss
Pythagoras puh-THAG-uh-russ
Qajar kuh-JAHR
Qianlong CHAN-loong
Qin CHIN
Qin Shi Huangdi chin shee hwang-DEE
Qing CHING
Qiu Jin chee-oo-JIN
Qu CHOO
quadrivium kwah-DRIV-ee-um
quaestors KWES-turs
querelle des femmes keh-REL day FAHM
Quesnay, François keh-NAY, frahnn-SWAH
Quetzelcoatl KWET-sul-koh-AHT-ul
Quraishi koo-RY-shee
Qur’an kuh-RAN or kuh-RAHN
Rabe’a of Qozdar rah-BAY-uh uv kuz-DAHR
Racine, Jean-Baptiste ra-SEEN, ZHAHNH-buh-
TEEST
Rahner, Karl RAH-nur
Rajput RAHJ-poot
Rama RAH-mah
Ramayana rah-mah-YAH-nah
Ramcaritmanas RAM-kah-rit-MAH-nuz
Rameses RAM-uh-seez
Raphael RAFF-ee-ul
Rasputin rass-PYOO-tin
Rathenau, Walter RAH-tuh-now, VAHL-tuh
Realpolitik ray-AHL-poh-lee-teek
Realschule ray-AHL-shoo-luh
Reichsrat RYKHSS-raht
Reichstag RYKHSS-tahk
Rembrandt van Rijn REM-brant vahn RYN
Rémy, Nicholas ray-MEE, nee-koh-LAH
Renan, Ernst re-NAHNH
Rhee, Syngman REE, SING-mun
Ricci, Matteo REE-chee, ma-TAY-oh
Richelieu REESH-uh-lyuh
Ricimer RISS-uh-mur
Rig Veda RIK-vee-duh
Rikstag RIKS-tahk
Rilke, Rainer Maria RILL-kuh, RY-nuh mah-
REE-uh
Rimbaud, Arthur ram-BOH, ar-TOOR
risorgimento ree-SOR-jee-men-toh
Riza-i-Abassi ree-ZAH-yah-BAH-see
Robespierre, Maximilien ROHBZ-pyayr,
mak-see-meel-YENH
Rococo ruh-KOH-koh
Rocroi r
oh-KRWAH
Röhm, Ernst RURM
Rommel, Erwin RAHM-ul
Romulus Augustulus RAHM-yuh-luss
ow-GOOS-chuh-luss
Rossbach RAWSS-bahkh
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques roo-SOH, ZHAHNH-
ZHAHK
Rurik ROO-rik
Ryswick RYZ-wik
Sacrosancta sak-roh-SANK-tuh
Saikaku sy-KAH-koo
Saint-Just sanh-ZHOOST
Saint-Simon, Henri de sanh-see-MOHNH,
ahnh-REE duh
Sakharov, Andrei SAH-kuh-rawf, ahn-DRAY
Saladin SAL-uh-din
Salazar, Antonio SAL-uh-zahr
Sallust SAL-ust
804 PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
Samnite SAM-nyt
Samudragupta suh-mood-ruh-GOOP-tuh
samurai SAM-uh-ry
San Martín, José de san mar-TEEN, hoh-SAY
day
Sandinista san-duh-NEES-tuh
sans-culottes sahnh-koo-LUT or sanz-koo-
LAHTSS
Sarraut, Albert sah-ROH, ahl-BAYR
Sartre, Jean-Paul SAR-truh, ZHAHNH-POHL
Sassanid suh-SAN-id
sati suh-TEE
satrap SAY-trap
satrapy SAY-truh-pee
Satyricon sa-TEER-uh-kahn
Schaumburg-Lippe SHOWM-boorkh-LEE-puh
Schleswig-Holstein SHLESS-vik-HOHL-shtyn
Schlie en, Alfred von SHLEE-fun, AHL-fret fun
Schliemann, Heinrich SHLEE-mahn, HYN-rikh
Schmidt, Helmut SHMIT, HEL-moot
Schönberg, Arnold SHURN-bayrk, AR-nawlt
Schönborn SHURN-bawn
Schönerer, Georg von SHURN-uh-ruh,
GAY-ork fun
Schröder, Gerhard SHRUR-duh, GAYR-hahrt
Schuschnigg, Karl von SHOOSH-nik, KAHRL
fun
Schutzmannscha SHOOTS-mahn-shah
Scipio Aemilianus SEE-pee-oh ee-mil-YAY-nuss
Scipio Africanus SEE-pee-oh af-ree-KAY-nuss
scriptoria skrip-TOR-ee-uh
Ségur say-GOO-uh
Sejm SAYM
Seleucid suh-LOO-sid
Seleucus suh-LOO-kuss
Seljuk SEL-jook
Seneca SEN-uh-kuh
Sephardic suh-FAHR-dik
Septimius Severus sep-TIM-ee-uss se-VEER-uss
serjents sayr-ZHAHNH
Sforza, Ludovico SFORT-sah, loo-doh-
VEE-koh
Shakuntala shah-koon-TAH-lah
Shalmaneser shal-muh-NEE-zur
Shandong SHAHN-doong
Shang SHAHNG
Shari’a shah-REE-uh
Shen Nong shun-NOONG
Shi’ite SHEE-YT
Shidehara shee-de-HAH-rah
Shiga Naoya SHEE-gah NOW-yah
Shikoku
shee-KOH-koo
Shimo
noseki shee-moh-noh-SEK-ee
Shiva SHIV-uh
Shotoku Taishi shoh-TOH-koo ty-EE-shee
Sichuan SEECH-wahn
Siddhartha Gautama si-DAR-tuh GAW-
tuh-muh
Sieveking, Amalie SEE-vuh-king, uh-MAHL-
yuh
Sieyès, Abbé syay-YESS, ab-BAY
Sigiriya see-gee-REE-uh
signoria seen-YOR-ee-uh
Silla SIL-uh
Silva, Luis Inácio Lula de LWEES ee-NAH-syoh
LOO-luh duh-SEEL-vuh
Sima Qian SEE-mah chee-AHN
sine manu sy-nee-MAY-noo
sipahis suh-PAH-heez
Sita SEE-tuh
Slovenia sloh-VEE-nee-uh
Société Générale soh-see-ay-TAY zhay-nay-
RAHL
Socrates SAHK-ruh-teez
Solon SOH-lun
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander sohl-zhuh-NEET-sin
Somme SUM
Song Taizu SOONG ty-DZOO
Soong, Mei-ling SOONG, may-LING
Sophocles SAHF-uh-kleez
Sorel, Georges soh-RELL, ZHORZH
Spartacus SPAR-tuh-kuss
Spartiates spar-tee-AH-teez
Speer, Albert SHPAYR
Speransky, Michael spyuh-RAHN-skee
Spinoza, Benedict de spi-NOH-zuh
squadristi skwah-DREES-tee
Srebrenica sreb-bruh-NEET-suh
stadholder STAD-hohl-dur
Staël, Germaine de STAHL, zhayr-MEN duh
Stakhanov, Alexei stuh-KHAH-nuf, uh-LEK-say
Stasi SHTAH-see
Stau enberg, Claus von SHTOW-fen-berk,
KLOWSS fun
Stein, Heinrich von SHTYN, HYN-rikh fun
Stilicho STIL-i-koh
Stoicism STOH-i-siz-um
Stolypin, Peter stuh-LIP-yin
strategoi strah-tay-GOH-ee
Stravinsky, Igor struh-VIN-skee, EE-gor
Stresemann, Gustav SHTRAY-zuh-mahn,
GOOS-tahf
Strozzi, Alessandra STRAWT-see
Struensee, John Frederick SHTROO-un-zay
Sturmabteilung
S
HTOORM-ap-ty-loonk
Sudetenland soo-DAY-tun-land
sudra SOO-druh or SHOO-druh
Suger soo-ZHAYR
Suharto soo-HAHR-toh
Sui Wendi SWEE wen-DEE
Sui Yangdi SWEE yahng-DEE
Sukarno soo-KAHR-noh
Sukarnoputri, Megawati soo-kahr-noh-POO-
tree, meg-uh-WAH-tee
Suleiman SOO-lay-mahn
Suleymaniye soo-lay-MAHN-ee-eh
Sulla SUL-uh
Sumerians soo-MER-ee-unz or soo-MEER-
ee-unz
Summa eologica SOO-muh tay-oh-LAH-
jee-kuh
Sun Yat-sen SOON yaht-SEN
Suppiluliumas suh-PIL-oo-LEE-uh-muss
Suttner, Bertha von ZOOT-nuh, BAYR-tuh fun
Swaziland SWAH-zee-land
Symphonie Fantastique SANH-foh-nee fahn-
tas-TEEK
Taa e, Edward von TAH-fuh, ED-vahrt fun
Taban lo Liyong tuh-BAN loh-lee-YAWNG
Tacitus TASS-i-tuss
Tahuantinsuyu tuh-HWAHN-tin-SOO-yoo
Taika TY-kuh
taille TY
Taiping ty-PING
Talleyrand, Prince tah-lay-RAHNH
Tang an yi k a tang-an-YEE-kuh
Tanizaki, Junichiro tan-i-ZAH-kee, jun-i-
CHEE-roh
Tanzania tan-zuh-NEE-uh
Temuchin TEM-yuh-jin
Tenochtitlán tay-nawch-teet-LAHN
Te o ti h u a c á n tay-noh-tee-hwa-KAHN
Tertullian tur-TUL-yun
Te xco co tess-KOH-koh
ales THAY-leez
eocritus thee-AHK-ruh-tuss
eodora thee-uh-DOR-uh
eodoric thee-AHD-uh-rik
eodosius thee-uh-DOH-shuss
eognis thee-AHG-nuss
eravada thay-ruh-VAH-duh
ermopylae
thur-MAHP-uh-lee
i
ers, Adolphe TYAYR, a-DAWLF
ucydides thoo-SID-uh-deez
utmosis thoot-MOH-suss
Tiananmen TYAHN-ahn-men
Tianjin TYAHN-jin
Tiberius ty-BEER-ee-uss
Tiglath-pileser TIG-lath-py-LEE-zur
Tikal tee-KAHL
Tirpitz, Admiral von TEER-pits
Tisza, István TISS-ah, ISHT-vun
Tito TEE-toh
Titus TY-tuss
Tlaloc tuh-lah-LOHK
Tlaltelolco tuh-lahl-teh-LOH-koh
Tlaxcala tuh-lah-SKAH-lah
Toer, Pramoedya TOOR, pra-MOO-dyah
Tojo, Hideki TOH-joh, hee-DEK-ee
Tokugawa Ieyasu toh-koo-GAH-wah ee-yeh-
YAH-soo
Tolstoy, Le o TOHL-stoy
Tongmenghui toong-meng-HWEE
Topa Inca TOH-puh INK-uh
Pronunciation Guide 805
To pk ap i tawp-KAH-pee
To r ah TOR-uh
Tordesillas tor-day-SEE-yass
Touré, Sékou too-RAY, say-KOO
Trajan TRAY-jun
Trevithick, Richard TREV-uh-thik
Tristan, Flora TRISS-tun
trivium TRIV-ee-um
Trotsky, Leon TRAHT-skee
Troyes TRWAH
Trudeau, Pierre troo-DOH, PYAYR
Trufaut, François troo-FOH, frahnh-SWAH
Tsara, Tristan TSAHR-rah, TRISS-tun
Tübi nge n TUR-bing-un
Tu gh l uq tug-LUK
Tulsidas tool-see-DAHSS
Tutankhamun too-tang-KAH-mun
Tyche TY-kee
Uccello, Paolo oo-CHEL-oh, POW-loh
uhuru oo-HOO-roo
uji OO-jee
Ulbricht, Walter OOL-brikht, VAHL-tuh
Ulianov, Vladimir ool-YA-nuf
Umayyads oo-MY-adz
Unam Sanctam OO-nahm SAHNK-tahm
universitas yoo-nee-VAYR-see-tahss
Utamaro OO-tah-mah-roh
Uzbekistan ooz-BEK-i-stan
vaisya VISH-yuh
Vajpayee, Atal Behari VAHJ-py-ee, AH-tahl
bi-HAH-ree
Va len s VAY-linz
Valentinian val-en-TIN-ee-un
Valéry, Paul vah-lay-REE, POHL
Va loi s val-WAH
Van de Velde, eodore vahn duh VEL-duh,
TAY-oh-dor
van Eyck, Jan vahn YK or van AYK, YAHN
van Gogh, Vincent van GOH
Vasa, Gustavus VAH-suh, GUSS-tuh-vuss
Vega, Lope de VAY-guh, LOH-pay day
Velde, eodor van de VEL-duh, tay-oh-DOR
vahn duh
Vendé e vahnh-DAY
Venet ia vuh-NEE-shuh
Verd un vur-DUN
Vergerio, Pietro Paolo vur-JEER-ee-oh, PYAY-
troh POW-loh
Versailles vayr-SY
Vesalius, Andreas vuh-SAY-lee-uss, ahn-
DRAY-uss
Ve sp asi an
vess-PAY-zhun
V
espucci, Amerigo vess-POO-chee, ahm-ay-
REE-goh
Ve su viu s vuh-SOO-vee-uss
Vichy VISH-ee
Vierzehnheiligen feer-tsayn-HY-li-gen
Virchow, Rudolf FEER-khoh, ROO-dulf
Virgil VUR-jul
Visconti, Giangaleazzo vees-KOHN-tee,
jahn-gah-lay-AH-tsoh
Vishnu VISH-noo
Visigoths VIZ-uh-gathz
Voilquin, Suzanne vwahl-KANH,
soo-ZAHN
Volk FULK
Vo lks c hule n FULK-shoo-lun
Voltaire vohl-TAYR
Wa fd WAHFT
Wagner, Richard VAG-nur, RIKH-art
Walesa, Lech vah-WENT-sah, LEK
Wallachia wah-LAY-kee-uh
Wallenstein, Albrecht von VAHL-en-shtyn,
AWL-b re kht
Wang Anshi WAHNG ahn-SHEE
Wang Shuo wahng-SHWOH
Wang Tao wahng-TOW
Wannsee VAHN-zay
Watteau, Antoine wah-TOH, AHN-twahn
Weill, Kurt VYL
Weizsäcker, Richard von VYTS-zek-ur,
RIKH-art
wergeld WUR-geld
Windischgrätz, Alfred VIN-dish-grets
Winkelmann, Maria VINK-ul-mahn
Witte, Sergei VIT-uh, syir-GYAY
Wittenberg VIT-ten-bayrk
Wojtyla, Karol voy-TEE-wah, KAH-rul
Wolls to necr a , Mary WULL-stun-kra
Wu Zhao woo-ZHOW
Würzburg VURTS-boork
Wyclif, John WIK-lif
Xavier, Francis ZAY-vee-ur
Xerxes ZURK-seez
Xhosa KHOH-suh
Xia SHEE-ah
Xian SHEE-ahn
Xiangyang SHYAHNG-yahng
Ximenes khee-MAY-ness
Xinjiang SHIN-jyahng
Xiongnu SHYAHNG-noo
Xui Tong shwee-TOONG
Yahweh YAH-way
Ya n’a n
yuh-NAHN
Ya
n g Guifei yahng gwee-FAY
Ya n g s h a o yahng-SHOW
Yangtze YANG-tsee
Ya y o i yah-YO-ee
Yeats, William Butler YAYTS
Yeltsin, Boris YELT-sun
Yi Jing yee-JING
Yi Song-gye YEE song-YEE
yishuv YISH-uv
Yuan Shikai yoo-AHN shee-KY
Yudhoyono, Susilo yood-hoh-YOH-noh,
soo-SEE-loh
Yu e yoo-EH
zaibatsu zy-BAHT-soo or Japanese
DZY-bahtss
Zanj ZANJ
Zanzibar ZAN-zi-bar
Zasulich, Vera tsah-SOO-likh
Zemsky Sobor ZEM-skee suh-BOR
zemstvos ZEMPST-vohz
Zeno ZEE-noh
Zenobia zuh-NOH-bee-uh
zeppelin ZEP-puh-lin
Zeus ZOOSS
Zhang Zhidong JANG jee-DOONG
Zhao Ziyang JOW dzee-YAHNG
Zhenotdel zhen-ut-DEL
Zhivkov, Todor ZHIV-ku , toh-DOR
Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad ZEE-uh ool-HAHK
ziggurat ZIG-uh-rat
Zimmermann, Dominikus TSIM-ur-mahn,
doh-MEE-nee-kooss
Zinzendorf, Nikolaus von TSIN-sin-dorf, NEE-
koh-LOWSS fun
Zola, Émile ZOH-lah, ay-MEEL
zollverein TSOHL-fuh-ryn
Zoroaster ZOR-oh-ass-tur
Zuanzong zwahn-ZOONG
Zuni ZOO-nee
Zwingli, Ulrich TSFING-lee, OOL-rikh
806 PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
DOCUMENTS
Continued from page xvii
CHAPTER 9
A PORTRAIT OF MEDIEVAL INDIA 210
“Fu-kwo-ki,” in Hiuen Tsang, Si-Yu Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western
Worl d, translated by Samuel Beal (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul).
Used with permission.
THE EDUCATION OF A BRAHMIN 214
“Fu-kwo-ki,” in Hiuen Tsang, Si-Yu Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western
Worl d, translated by Samuel Beal (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul).
Used with permission.
THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST OF INDIA 219
Excerpt from A History of India: From the Earliest Times to the Present
Day by Michael Edwardes (London: ames & Hudson, 1961), p. 108.
Reprinted with permission.
THE KINGDOM OF ANGKOR 227
Excerpt from Chau Ju-Kua: His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade
in the Twel h and irteenth Centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chi, Friedrich
Hirth and W. W. Rockhill, eds., copyright © 1966 by Paragon Reprint.
CHAPTER 10
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: ACTION OR INACTION: AN
IDEOLOGICAL DISPUTE IN MEDIEVAL CHINA 240
From Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy, by Etienne Balasz. Copyright
© 1964 by Yale University Press. Used with permission. Han Yu selection
from W. T. de Bary and I. Bloom, Sources of Chinese Tradition, vol. I, 2nd ed.
(New York, 1999), pp. 569–573.
THE SAINTLY MISS WU 246
From e Inner Quarters: Marriage and the Lives of Chinese Women in
the Sung Period, Patricia Ebrey (Berkeley, University of California Press,
1993), pp. 197–198.
A LETTER TO THE POPE 249
From Prawdin, Michael, e Mongol Empire: Its Rise and Legacy (Free
Press, 1961), pp. 280–281.
TWO TANG POETS 257
From Hucker, Charles O., China’s Imperial Past. Copyright © 1965 by
the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. With the
permission of Stanford University Press, www.sup.org.
CHAPTER 11
THE EASTERN EXPEDITION OF EMPEROR JIMMU 266
Excerpt from Sources of Japanese History, David Lu, ed. (New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1974), I, p. 7.
THE SEVENTEEN-ARTICLE CONSTITUTION 267
Excerpt from Sources of Japanese History, David Lu, ed. (New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1974), I, p. 7.
A SAMPLE OF LINKED VERSE 274
Excerpt from e Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. III, edited by Koza
Yamamura, excerpt from “A Sample of Linked Verse” by H. Paul Verley,
from p. 480. Copyright © 1990. Reprinted with the permission of
Cambridge University Press.
THE FIRST VIETNAM WAR 280
From Keith W. Taylor, e Birth of Vietnam (Berkeley, 1983), p. 18.
CHAPTER 12
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHARLEMAGNE 290
From Einhard, e Life of Charlemagne, translated by S. E. Turner,
pp. 50–54. Copyright © 1960 by e University of Michigan. Translated
from the Monumenta Germaniae.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: TWO VIEWS OF TRADE AND
MERCHANTS 295
“Life of Saint Godric”: From Reginald of Durham, “Life of St. Godric,”
in G. G. Coulton, ed., Social Life in Britain from the Conquest to
the Reformation, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1918),
pp. 415–20. “Ibn Khaldun, Prolegomena”: From An Arab Philosophy
of History. Ed. and trans. by Charles Issawi. New York: Darwin
Press, 1987.
A MUSLIM’S DESCRIPTION OF THE RUS 302
From The Vikings, by Johannes BrØnsted, translated by Kalle Skov
(Penguin Books, 1965) copyright © Johannes BrØnsted, 1960, 1965.
Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND VIOLENCE AT OXFORD 305
From e Story of Oxford by Cecil Headlam, 1907.
CHAPTER 13
A WESTERN VIEW OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE 318
Excerpt from Works of Liudprand of Cremona by F. A. Wright, 1930,
Routledge and Kegan Paul Publishers. Reprinted by permission of the
Taylor and Francis Group.
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF BASIL II 319
E. R. A. Sewter, trans. e Chronographia of Michael Psellus (Yale
University Press, 1953), pp. 23–27.
THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE 322
From Kritovoulos, “History of Mehmed the Conqueror” trans. Charles
T. Riggs. ©1954 Princeton University Press. © renewed 1982 Princeton
University Press. Reprinted by permission.
THE CREMATION OF THE STRASBOURG JEWS 324
Excerpt from e Jew in the Medieval World, by Jacob Marcus. Copyright
© 1972 by Atheneum. Reprinted with permission of the Hebrew Union
College Press.
CHAPTER 14
A CHINESE DESCRIPTION OF MALACCA 336
From Harry J. Banda and John A. Larkin, eds. e World of Southeast
Asia: Selected Historical Readings, Harper & Row, 1967.
A SLAVE MARKET IN AFRICA 349
From e Great Travelers, vol. I, Milton Rugo , ed. Copyright © 1960 by
Simon & Schuster. Used with permission of Milton Rugo .
807
808 DOCUMENTS
TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI EXPELS THE MISSIONARIES 425
From Sources of Japanese Tradition by William de Bary. Copyright © 1958
by Columbia University Press, New York. Reprinted with permission of
the publisher.
SOME CONFUCIAN COMMANDMENTS 427
From Popular Culture in Late Imperial China by David Johnson
et al. Copyright © 1985 e Regents of the University of
California. Used with permission. From Chi Nakane and Oishi
Shinsabura, Tokugawa Japan: e Social and Economic Antecedents
of Modern Japan, (Japan, University of Tokyo, 1990), pp. 51–52.
Translated by Conrad Totman. Copyright 1992 by Columbia
University Press.
CHAPTER 18
THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN 441
From First Feminists: British Women Writers, 1578–1799 by Moira
Ferguson. Copyright © 1985 Indiana University Press.
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND
THE CITIZEN 453
From e French Revolution, edited by Paul H. Beik. Copyright
© 1971 by Paul Beik. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins
Publishers, Inc.
NAPOLEON AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE 456
Reprinted A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution by John
Hall Stewart, ed. Copyright © 1951 by Macmillan College Publishing
Company, renewed 1979 by John Hall Stewart.
CHAPTER 19
INDUSTRIAL ATTITUDES IN BRITAIN AND JAPAN 470
Samuel Smiles, Self-Help, London, 1859; Shibuzawa Eiichi, e
Autobiography of Shibusawa Eiichi: From Peasant to Entrepreneur,
1927 (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1994).
THE CLASSLESS SOCIETY 474
From e Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: RESPONSE TO REVOLUTION:
TWO PERSPECTIVES 478
omas Babington Macaulay, Speech of March 2, 1831. From Speeches,
Parliamentary and Miscellaneous by omas B. Macaulay (New York:
Hurst Co., 1853), vol. 1, pp. 20–21, 25–26. From e Reminiscences of
Carl Schurz by Carl Schurz (New York: e McClure Co., 1907), vol. 1,
pp. 112–113.
EMANCIPATION: SERFS AND SLAVES 483
From Annual Register (New York: Longman, Green, 1861), p. 207. From
U. S. Statutes at Large (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing O ce,
1875), vol. 12, pp. 1268–1269.
CHAPTER 20
SIMÓN BOLÍVAR ON GOVERNMENT IN LATIN AMERICA 493
Simón Bolívar, Selected Writings, ed. H. A. Bierck, trans. L Berrand
(New York, 1951), pp. 106, 108, 112–114.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: ADVICE TO WOMEN:
TWO VIEWS 503
Elizabeth Poole Sanford, Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character
(Boston: Otis, Broaders & Co., 1842), pp. 5–7, 15–16. From Henrik Ibsen,
A Doll’s House, Act III, 1879, as printed in Roots of Western Civilization by
Wesley D. Camp, John Wiley & Sons, 1983.
GOTHIC LITERATURE: EDGAR ALLAN POE 505
From Selected Prose and Poetry of Edgar Allan Poe, copyright © 1950 by
Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc.
AN EXCHANGE OF ROYAL CORRESPONDENCE 354
From e World of Southeast Asia: Selected Historical Readings by Harry
J. Benda and John A. Larkin, eds. Copyright © 1967 by Harper & Row,
Publishers.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: THE MARCH OF CIVILIZATION 356
From e Age of Reconnaissance by J. H. Parry (International omson
Publishing, 1969), p. 233–234. “Journal of Captain James Cook” from e
Fatal Impact: An Account of the Invasion of the South Paci c: 1767–1840,
ed. by Alan Moorhead (New York: Penguin, 1966), p. 70.
CHAPTER 15
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: A REFORMATION DEBATE: CONFLICT
AT MARBURG 366
“ e Marburg Colloquy,” edited by Donald Ziegler, from Great Debates
of the Reformation edited by Donald Ziegler, copyright © 1969 by Donald
Ziegler. Used by permission of Modern Library, a division of Random
House, Inc.
A WITCHCRAFT TRIAL IN FRANCE 372
From Witchcra in Europe, 1100–1700: A Documentary History by Alan
Kors and Edward Peters (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
1972), pp. 266–275. Used with permission of the publisher.
THE FACE OF WAR IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 375
Excerpt from e Adventure of Simplicius Simplissimus by Hans Jacob
Chisto el von Grimmelshausen, translated by George Schulz-Behren,
© 1993 Camden House/Boydell & Brewer, Rochester, New York.
THE BILL OF RIGHTS 380
From e Statutes: Revised Edition (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1871),
Vol. 2, pp. 10–12.
CHAPTER 16
A TURKISH DISCOURSE ON COFFEE 392
From e Balance of Truth by Katib Chelebi, translated by G. L. Lewis,
copyright 1927.
THE RELIGIOUS ZEAL OF SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT 396
From Eskander Beg Monshi in History of Shah Abbas the Great, Vol. II by
Roger M. Savory by Westview Press, 1978.
A RELIGION FIT FOR A KING 400
From Abu’l Fazl, A’in-i-Akbare, pp. ii–iv as cited in Sources of Indian
Tradition, ed. by Ainslee Embree (New York: Columbia UP, 1988),
pp. 425–427.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: THE CAPTURE OF PORT
HOOGLY 402
From King of the World: A Mughal manuscript from the Royal
Library, Windsor Castle, trans. by Wheeler ackston, text by Milo
Cleveland Beach and Ebba Koch (London: ames and Hudson,
1997), p. 59.
CHAPTER 17
THE ART OF PRINTING 412
From China in the Sixteenth Century, by Matthew Ricci, translated by
Louis J. Gallagher. Copyright © 1942 and renewed 1970 by Louis J.
Gallagher, S. J. Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc.
THE TRIBUTE SYSTEM IN ACTION 417
Reprinted by permission of the publisher from China’s Response to the
West: A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923, by Ssu-yu Teng and John
King Fairbank, pp. 24–27, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, copyright © 1954, 1979 by the President and Fellows of Harvard
College, copyright renewed 1982 by Ssu-yu Teng and John King
Fairbank.
Documents 809
FREUD AND THE CONCEPT OF REPRESSION 508
Reprinted from Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud.
Translated and edited by James Strachey. Copyright © 1961 by James
Strachey. Used by permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
CHAPTER 21
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: WHITE MAN’S BURDEN, BLACK
MAN’S SORROW 518
From Rudyard Kipling, “ e White Man’s Burden,” McClure’s Magazine
12 (Feb. 1899). Edmund Morel, Black Man’s Burden, Metro Books, 1972.
INDIAN IN BLOOD, ENGLISH IN TASTE AND INTELLECT 519
From Speeches by Lord Macaulay, With His Minute on Indian Education
by omas B. Macaulay. AMS Press, 1935.
THE CIVILIZING MISSION IN EGYPT 534
From Leila Ahmen, Women and Gender in Islam (New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 1992), pp. 152–160.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: TO RESIST OR NOT TO RESIST 535
From Truong Buu Lam, Patterns of Vietnamese Response to Foreign
Intervention, Monograph Series No. 11. Southeast Asian Studies, Yale
University, 1967. Dist. By Celler Book Shop, Detroit, MI.
CHAPTER 22
A LETTER OF ADVICE TO THE QUEEN 543
Reprinted by permission of the publisher from China’s Response to the
West: A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923, by Ssu-yu Teng and John K.
Fairbank, p. 19, 24–27, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Copyright © 1954, 1979 by the President and Fellows of Harvard
College, copyright © renewed 1982 by Ssu-yu Teng and John King
Fairbank.
PROGRAM FOR A NEW CHINA 548
Excerpt from Sources of Chinese Tradition by William eodore De Bary.
Copyright © 1960 by Columbia University Press, New York. Reprinted
with permission of the publisher.
PROGRAM FOR REFORM IN JAPAN 555
Excerpt from Sources of Japanese Tradition by William de Bary. Copyright
© 1958 by Columbia University Press, New York. Reprinted with
permission of the publisher.
THE RULES OF GOOD CITIZENSHIP IN JAPAN 558
From Sources of Japanese Tradition by William eodore de Bary, Vol. 2,
p. 139. Copyright © 1958 by Columbia University Press. Reprinted with
permission of the publisher.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: TWO VIEWS OF THE WORLD 559
From MacNair, Modern Chinese History, pp. 530–534, quoted in Franz
Schurmann and Orville Schell, eds., e China Reader: Imperial China
(New York: Vintage, 1967), pp. 251–259.
CHAPTER 23
THE EXCITEMENT OF WAR 569
From e World of Yesterday by Stefan Zweig, translated
by Helmut Ripperger. Translation copyright 1943 by the Viking
Press, Inc. Used by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of
Penguin Books USA Inc.
THE REALITY OF WAR: TRENCH WARFARE 571
From All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque.
“Im Westen Nichts Neues,” copyright 1928 by Ullstein A.G.;
copyright renewed © 1956 by Erich Maria Remarque. All Quiet
on the Western Front, copyright 1929, 1930 by Little, Brown and
Company; Copyright renewed © 1957 1958 by Erich Maria Remarque.
All Rights Reserved.
WOMEN IN THE FACTORIES 575
From “Munition Work” by Naomi Loughnan in Gilbert Stone, ed.,
Women War Workers (London: George Harrap and Company, 1971),
pp. 25, 35–38.
THE GREAT DEPRESSION: UNEMPLOYED AND HOMELESS
IN GERMANY 582
From Living Age, Vol. 344, no. 4398 (March 1933), pp. 27–31, 34–38.
CHAPTER 24
THE DILEMMA OF THE INTELLECTUAL 592
From e World of Southeast Asia: Selected Historical Readings, Harry
J. Benda and John A. Larkin, eds. Copyright © 1967 by Harper & Row,
Publishers.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: ISLAM IN THE MODERN WORLD:
TWO VIEWS 597
From Ataturk’s Speech to the Assembly, pp. 432–433. A speech delivered by
Ghazi Mustafa Kemal, President of the Turkish Republic, October 1927.
Excerpt from e Sources of Indian Tradition, pp. 218–222 by Stephen
Hay, ed. Copyright © 1988 by Columbia University Press, New York.
Reprinted with permission of the publisher.
A CALL FOR REVOLT 603
From Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung (London: Lawrence and Wishart,
Ltd., 1954), Vol. 1, pp. 21–23.
AN ARRANGED MARRIAGE 606
Excerpt from “Family” by Ba Jin. Copyright © 1964 Foreign Languages
Press, 24 Baiwanzhuang Rd., Beijing 10037,
P.R. China. Used with permission.
CHAPTER 25
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: THE MUNICH CONFERENCE 621
From Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons (London: His
Majesty’s Stationery O ce, 1938), vol. 339, pp. 361–369. From
Neville Chamberlain, In Search of Peace (New York: Putnam, 1939),
pp. 215, 217.
JAPAN’S JUSTIFICATION FOR EXPANSION 623
From Sources of Japanese Tradition by William eodore de Bary.
Copyright © 1958 by Columbia University Press. Reprinted with
permission of the publisher.
A GERMAN SOLDIER AT STALINGRAD 628
From Vasili Chuikov, e Battle of Stalingrad (Gra on Books).
THE HOLOCAUST: THE CAMP COMMANDANT AND THE CAMP
VICTIMS 633
From Commandant of Auschwitz: e Autobiography of Rudolph Hoess,
Cleveland World Publishing Co. From Nazism, Vol. II by J. Noakes and
G. Pridham. © 1988 by Dept. of History and Archaeology, University of
Exeter. Pantheon Books.
CHAPTER 26
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: WHO STARTED THE COLD
WAR? AMERICAN AND SOVIET PERSPECTIVES 648
From Origins of the Cold War: e Novikov, Kennan, and Roberts ‘Long’
Telegrams of 1946. (Kenneth M. Jensen, editor) Washington, DC:
Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 1993. pp. 20–21,
28–31, 8, 16.
WHO LOST CHINA? 653
From United States Relations with China (Washington, D.C., Dept. of
State, 1949), pp. iii–xvi.
810 DOCUMENTS
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE OR
PEOPLE’S WAR? 661
From G. F. Hudson et al., eds. e Sino-Soviet Dispute (New York:
Frederick Praeger, 1961), pp. 61–63, cited in Peking Review, No. 40, 1959.
From Nationalism and Communism, Norman Grabner, ed. Copyright
© 1977 by D. C. Heath and Company. Lin Biao selection from Nationalism
and Communism, Norman Grabner, ed. Copyright © 1977 by D. C. Heath
and Company.
THE BREZHNEV DOCTRINE 664
From Moscow News, Supplement to No, 30 (917), 1968, pp. 3–6.
CHAPTER 27
KHRUSHCHEV DENOUNCES STALIN 674
From Congressional Record, 84th Congress, 2nd Session, Vol. 102, Part 7,
pp. 9389–9402 (June 4, 1956).
“IT’S SO DIFFICULT TO BE A WOMAN HERE” 677
From Moscow Women: irteen Interviews by Carola Hansson and Karin
Liden, edited by Gerry Bothmer, George & Lone Blecher, Text copyright
© 1983 by Random House, Inc.
MAKE REVOLUTION! 683
From Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng (New York:
Penguin, 1986).
VIEWS ON MARRIAGE 689
From Communist China ( e China Reader) Vol. 3, by F. Schurmann and
O. Schell, eds. Copyright © 1967 by Franz Schurmann and Orville Schell.
Used by permission of Random House, Inc.
CHAPTER 28
MARGARET THATCHER: ENTERING A MAN’S WORLD 700
From e Path to Power by Margaret atcher. Copyright ©1995 by Margaret
atcher. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.
CASTRO’S REVOLUTIONARY IDEALS 708
Excerpt from Latin American Civilization by Benjamin Keen, ed. (Boston:
Houghton Mi in, 1974), pp. 369–373.
“THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’”: THE MUSIC OF
YOUTHFUL PROTEST 712
Copyright © 1963, 1964 by Warner Bros. Music, Copyright renewed
1991 by Special Rider Music. All rights reserved. International copyright
secured. Reprinted by permission.
SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL: THE LIMITS OF MODERN
TECHNOLOGY 718
Excerpts from Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered by
E. F. Schumacher. Copyright © 1973 by E. F. Schumacher. Reprinted by
permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.
CHAPTER 29
TOWARD AFRICAN UNITY 726
From Organizing African Unity by J. Worono , pp. 642–649.
Copyright © 1980 by Scarecrow Press, Inc. Used with permission
of the publisher.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: AN AFRICAN LAMENT 735
From Okot p’Bitek, I Do Not Know the Dances of White People (Nairobi:
East African Publishing House, 1974), pp. 48, 204–205.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: DARK CONTINENT OR RADIANT
LAND? 736
From Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. Penguin Books, 1991. From
e Radiance of the King by Camara Laye, translated from the French by
James Kirkup. New York: Vintage, 1989.
ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY 746
From M. J. Akbar, “Linking Islam to Dictatorship,” in World Press Review,
May 2004. Reprinted with permission.
CHAPTER 30
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: TWO VISIONS FOR INDIA 754
From Sources of Indian Tradition by William eodore de
Bary. Copyright © 1988 by Columbia University Press, New York.
Excerpt from Gandhi “Letter to Jawaharlal Nehru” pp. 328–331
from Gandhi in India: In His Own Words, Martin Green, ed. Copyright
© 1987 by Navajivan Trust. Lebanon, NH: University Press of New
England.
SAY NO TO MCDONALD’S AND KFC! 759
From World Press Review (September 1995), p. 47
GROWING UP IN JAPAN 771
Adapted with permission of e Free Press, a Division of Simon
& Schuster, Inc. from e Material Child: Coming of Age in Japan
by Merry White. Copyright © 1993 by Merry White. All rights
reserved.
TO THOSE LIVING IN GLASS HOUSES 774
From Far Eastern Economic Review (May 19, 1994), p. 32.
EPILOGUE
A WARNING TO HUMANITY 783
“World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity,” 1992. Union of Concerned
Scientists. 1992. World Scientists Warning to Humanity. Excerpt.
Cambridge, MA: UCS. Online at www.ucsusa.org. “Findings of the IPCC
Fourth Assessment Report,” 2007. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2007.
Findings of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Excerpt. Cambridge,
MA: UCS. Online at www.ucsusa.org.
12. Ibid., pp. 32, 53.
13. C. Waltham, Shu Ching: Book of History (Chicago, 1971), p. 154.
14. Quoted in H. A. Giles, A History of Chinese Literature (New York,
1923), p. 19.
15. A. Waley, ed., Chinese Poems (London, 1983), p. xx.
16. Chang Chi-yun, Chinese History of Fi y Centuries, vol. 1, p. 183.
CHAPTER 4
1. Xenophon, Symposium, trans. O. J. Todd (Harmondsworth, England,
1946), 3:5.
2. Quoted in omas R. Martin, Ancient Greece (New Haven, Conn.,
1996), p. 62.
3. e words from Plutarch are quoted in E. Fantham et al., Women in the
Classsical World (New York, 1994), p. 64.
4. Sophocles, Oedipus the King, trans. David Grene (Chicago, 1959),
pp. 68–69.
5. Sophocles, Antigone, trans. Don Taylor (London, 1986), p. 146.
6. Plato, e Republic, trans. F. M. Cornford (New York, 1945),
pp. 178–179.
7. Quotations from Aristotle are in Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient
Greece (London, 1995), pp. 106, 186.
CHAPTER 5
1. Tacitus, e Annals of Imperial Rome, trans. Michael Grant
(Harmondsworth, England, 1964), p. 31.
2. Virgil, e Aeneid, trans. C. Day Lewis (Garden City, N.Y., 1952),
p. 154.
3. Juvenal, e Sixteen Satires, trans. P. Green (New York, 1967),
sat. 10, p. 207.
4. Quoted in Chester Starr, Past and Future in Ancient History (Lanham,
Md., 1987), pp. 38–39.
5. Matthew 7:12.
6. Mark 12:30–31.
CHAPTER 6
1. Quoted in S. Morley and G. W. Brainerd, e Ancient Maya (Stanford,
Calif., 1983), p. 513.
2. B. Díaz, e Conquest of New Spain (Harmondsworth, England, 1975),
p. 210.
3. Quoted in M. D. Coe, D. Snow, and E. P. Benson, Atlas of Ancient
America (New York, 1988), p. 149.
4. G. de la Vega (El Inca), Royal Commentaries of the Incas and General
History of Peru, pt. 1, trans. H. V. Livermore (Austin, Tex., 1966),
p. 180.
5. J. Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: e Fates of Human Societies (New
York, 1997), pp. 187–188.
CHAPTER 7
1. M. M. Pickthall, trans., e Meaning of the Glorious Koran (New York,
1953), p. 89.
2. Quoted in T. W. Lippman, Understanding Islam: An Introduction to the
Moslem World (New York, 1982), p. 118.
CHAPTER NOTES
CHAPTER 1
1. Quoted in Amélie Kuhrt, e Ancient Near East, c. 3000–330 b.c.
(London, 1995), vol. 1, p. 68.
2. Quoted in Marc Van de Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East,
ca. 3000–323 b.c. (Oxford, 2004), p. 106.
3. Quoted in orkild Jacobsen, “Mesopotamia,” in Henri Frankfort et al.,
Before Philosophy (Baltimore, 1949), p. 139.
4. Quoted in Milton Covensky, e Ancient Near Eastern Tradition (New
York, 1966), p. 51.
5. Ibid., p. 413.
6. Psalms 137:1, 4–6.
7. Psalms 145:8–9.
8. Exodus 20:13–15.
9. Isaiah 2:4.
10. Quoted in H. W. F. Saggs, e Might at Was Assyria (London, 1984),
pp. 261–262.
CHAPTER 2
1. Quoted in R. Lannoy, e Speaking Tree: A Study of Indian Culture and
Society (London, 1971), p. 318.
2. e quotation is from ibid., p. 319. Note also that the Law of Manu says
that “punishment alone governs all created beings.… e whole world
is kept in order by punishment, for a guiltless man is hard to nd.”
3. Strabo’s Geography, bk. 15, quoted in M. Edwardes, A History of India:
From the Earliest Times to the Present Day (London, 1961), p. 55.
4. Ibid., p. 54.
5. Ibid., p. 57.
6. From the Law of Manu, quoted in A. L. Basham, e Wonder at Was
India (London, 1961), pp. 180–181.
7. Mundaka Upanishad 1:2, quoted in W. T. de Bary et al., eds., Sources of
Indian Tradition (New York, 1966), pp. 28–29.
8. Quoted in A. K. Coomaraswamy, Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism
(New York, 1964), p. 34.
CHAPTER 3
1. Book of Changes, quoted in Chang Chi-yun, Chinese History of Fi y
Centuries, vol. 1, Ancient Times (Taipei, 1962), pp. 15, 31, and 65.
2. Ibid., p. 381.
3. Quoted in E. N. Anderson, e Food of China (New Haven, Conn.,
1988), p. 21.
4. According to Chinese tradition, the Rites of Zhou was written by the
duke of Zhou himself near the time of the founding of the Zhou
dynasty. Modern historians, however, believe that it was written much
later, perhaps as late as the fourth century b.c.e.
5. From the Book of Songs, quoted in S. de Grazia, ed., Masters of Chinese
Political ought: From the Beginnings to the Han Dynasty (New York,
1973), pp. 40–41.
6. Confucian Analects (Lun Yu), ed. J. Legge (Taipei, 1963), 11:11 and 6:20.
7. Ibid., 15:23.
8. Ibid., 17:2.
9. Book of Mencius (Meng Zi), 4A:9, quoted in W. T. de Bary et al., eds.,
Sources of Chinese Tradition (New York, 1960), p. 107.
10. Quoted in de Bary, Sources of Chinese Tradition, p. 53.
11. B. Watson, Records of the Grand Historian of China (New York, 1961),
vol. 2, pp. 155, 160.
811
3. From “ e History of Wei,” quoted in ibid., p. 10.
4. From “ e Law of Households,” quoted in ibid., p. 32.
5. From “On the Salvation of Women,” quoted in ibid., p. 127.
6. Quoted in B. Ruch, “ e Other Side of Culture in Medieval Japan,” in
K. Yamamura, ed., e Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 3, Medieval
Japan (Cambridge, 1990), p. 506.
7. K. W. Taylor, e Birth of Vietnam (Berkeley, Calif., 1983), p. 76.
8. Quoted in ibid., pp. 336–337.
9. Confucius, Analects, 17:2.
CHAPTER 12
1. Norman F. Cantor, ed., e Medieval World, 300–1300 (New York,
1963), p. 104.
2. Alessandro Barbero, Charlemagne: Father of a Continent, trans. Allan
Cameron (Berkeley, Calif., 2004), p. 4.
3. Quoted in Marvin Perry, Joseph Peden, and eodore Von Laue,
Sources of the Western Tradition, vol. 1 (Boston, 1987), p. 218.
4. Oliver J. atcher and Edgar H. McNeal, eds., A Source Book for
Medieval History (New York, 1905), p. 208.
5. Quoted in R. H. C. Davis, A History of Medieval Europe from Constantine
to Saint Louis, 2nd ed. (New York, 1988), p. 252.
6. Quoted in Hans E. Mayer, e Crusades, trans. John Gillingham (New
York, 1972), pp. 99–100.
CHAPTER 13
1. Quoted in P. Cesaretti, eodora: Empress of Byzantium, trans.
R. M. Frongia (New York, 2004), p. 197.
2. Procopius, Buildings of Justinian (London, 1897), pp. 9, 6–7.
3. Quoted in J. Harris, Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium
(New York, 2007), p. 118.
4. Quoted in C. S. Bartsocas, “Two Fourteenth-Century Descriptions of
the ‘Black Death,’” Journal of the History of Medicine (October 1966),
p. 395.
5. Quoted in M. Dols, e Black Death in the Middle East (Princeton, N.J.,
1977), p. 270.
6. G. Boccaccio, e Decameron, trans. F. Winwar (New York, 1955),
p. xiii.
7. J. Froissart, Chronicles, ed. and trans. G. Brereton (Harmondsworth,
England, 1968), p. 111.
8. Ibid., p. 89.
9. Quoted in J. Burckhardt, e Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy,
trans. S. G. C. Middlemore (London, 1960), p. 81.
CHAPTER 14
1. From A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama (London, 1898),
cited in J. H. Parry, e European Reconnaissance: Selected Documents
(New York, 1968), p. 82.
2. H. J. Benda and J. A. Larkin, eds., e World of Southeast Asia: Selected
Historical Readings (New York, 1967), p. 13.
3. Parry, European Reconnaissance, quoting from A. Cortesão, e Summa
Oriental of Tomé Pires, vol. 2 (London, 1944), pp. 283, 287.
4. Quoted in J. H. Parry, e Age of Reconnaissance: Discovery,
Exploration, and Settlement, 1450 to 1650 (New York, 1963), p. 33.
5. Quoted in R. B. Reed, “ e Expansion of Europe,” in
R. DeMolen, ed., e Meaning of the Renaissance and Reformation
(Boston, 1974), p. 308.
6. K. N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An
Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge, 1985),
p. 65.
7. Quoted in M. Leon-Portilla, ed., e Broken Spears: e Aztec Account
of the Conquest of Mexico (Boston, 1969), p. 51.
8. Quoted in Parry, Age of Reconnaissance, pp. 176–177.
9. Quoted in B. Davidson, Africa in History: emes and Outlines
(London, 1968), p. 137.
3. F. Hirth and W. W. Rockhill, trans., Chau Ju-kua: His Work on the
Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twel h and irteenth Centuries, Entitled
Chu-fan-chi (New York, 1966), p. 115.
4. al-Mas’udi, e Meadows of Gold: e Abbasids, ed. P. Lunde and
C. Stone (London, 1989), p. 151.
5. Quoted in G. Wiet, Baghdad: Metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphate, trans.
S. Feiler (Norman, Okla., 1971), pp. 118–119.
6. L. Africanus, e History and Description of Africa and of the Notable
ings erein Contained (New York, n.d.), pp. 820–821.
7. E. Yarshater, ed., Persian Literature (Albany, N.Y., 1988), pp. 125–126.
8. Ibid., pp. 154–159.
9. E. Rehatsek, trans., e Gulistan or Rose Garden of Sa’di (New York,
1964), pp. 65, 67, 71.
CHAPTER 8
1. S. Hamdun and N. King, eds., Ibn Battuta in Africa (London, 1975), p. 19.
2. e Book of Duarte Barbosa (Nedeln, Liechtenstein, 1967), p. 28.
3. Herodotus, e Histories, trans. A. de Sélincourt (Baltimore, 1964), p. 307.
4. Quoted in M. Shinnie, Ancient African Kingdoms (London, 1965), p. 60.
5. C. R. Boxer, ed., e Tragic History of the Sea, 1589–1622 (Cambridge,
1959), pp. 121–122.
6. Quoted in D. Nurse and T. Spear, e Swahili: Reconstructing the
History and Language of an African Society 800–1500 (Philadelphia,
1985), p. 84.
7. Hamdun and King, Ibn Battuta in Africa, p. 47.
8. Ibid., p. 28.
9. Ibid., pp. 28–30.
CHAPTER 9
1. Hiuen Tsiang, Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, trans.
S. Beal (London, 1982), pp. 89–90.
2. “Fo-Kwo-Ki” (Travels of Fa Xian), ch. 20, p. 43, in ibid.
3. E. C. Sachau, Alberoni’s India, vol. 1 (London, 1914), p. 22.
4. Quoted in S. M. Ikram, Muslim Civilization in India (New York, 1964),
p. 68.
5. Hiuen Tsiang, Si-Yu-Ki, pp. 73–74.
6. D. Barbosa, e Book of Duarte Barbosa (Nedeln, Liechtenstein, 1967),
pp. 147–148.
7. Quoted in R. Lannoy, e Speaking Tree: A Study of Indian Culture and
Society (London, 1971), p. 232.
8. Quoted in S. aru and K. Lalita, Women Writing in India, vol. 1 (New
York, 1991), p. 77.
9. Quoted in A. L. Basham, e Wonder at Was India (London, 1954),
p. 426.
10. Quoted in S. Hughes and B. Hughes, Women in World History, vol. 1
(Armonk, N.Y., 1995), p. 217.
CHAPTER 10
1. e Travels of Marco Polo (New York, n.d.), pp. 128, 179.
2. Quoted in A. F. Wright, Buddhism in Chinese History (Stanford, Calif.,
1959), p. 30.
3. Chu-yu, P’ing-chow Table Talks, quoted in R. Temple, e Genius of
China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention (New York,
1986), p. 150.
4. Quoted in E. H. Schafer, e Golden Peaches of Samarkand:
A Study of T’ang Exotics (Berkeley, Calif., 1963), p. 43.
5. Quoted in J. K. Fairbank, E. O. Reischauer, and A. M. Craig, East Asia:
Tradition and Transformation (Boston, 1973), p. 164.
6. A. M. Khazanov, Nomads and the Outside World (Cambridge, 1983), p. 241.
CHAPTER 11
1. Cited in C. Holcombe, e Genesis of East Asia, 221 b.c.–a.d. 907
(Honolulu, 2001), p. 41.
2. Quoted in D. J. Lu, Sources of Japanese History, vol. 1 (New York, 1974), p. 7.
812 CHAPTER NOTES
4. Ibid., pp. 91, 94.
5. Quoted in Louis L. Snyder, ed., Documents of German History (New
Brunswick, N.J., 1958), p. 202.
6. Quoted in Shmuel Galai, e Liberation Movement in Russia, 1900–
1905 (Cambridge, 1973), p. 26.
CHAPTER 20
1. Quoted in J. C. Chasteen, Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for
Independence (Oxford, 2008), p. 122.
2. Quoted in P. Bakewell, A History of Latin America (Oxford, 1997),
p. 367.
3. Quoted in M. C. Eakin, e History of Latin America: Collision of
Cultures (New York, 2007), p. 188.
4. Quoted in E. B. Burns, Latin America: A Concise Interpretive History,
4th ed. (Englewood Cli s, N.J., 1986), p. 116.
5. Quoted in N. Bullock and J. Read, e Movement for Housing Reform in
Germany and France, 1840–1914 (Cambridge, 1985), p. 42.
6. W. Wordsworth, “ e Tables Turned,” Poems of Wordsworth, ed. M. Arnold
(London, 1963), p. 138.
7. Quoted in A. E. E. McKenzie, e Major Achievements of Science, vol. 1
(New York, 1960), p. 310.
8. Quoted in A. Higonnet, Berthe Morisot’s Images of Women (Cambridge,
Mass., 1992), p. 19.
CHAPTER 21
1. Quoted in J. G. Lockhart and C. M. Wodehouse, Rhodes (London,
1963), pp. 69–70.
2. K. Pearson, National Life from the Standpoint of Science (London, 1905),
p. 184.
3. Quoted in H. Braunschwig, French Colonialism, 1871–1914 (London,
1961), p. 80.
4. Quoted in G. Garros, Forceries Humaines (Paris, 1926), p. 21.
5. Cited in B. Schwartz’s review of D. Cannadine’s Ornamentalism: How
the British Saw eir Empire, Atlantic, November 2001, p. 135.
6. Quoted in R. Bartlett, ed., e Record of American Diplomacy:
Documents and Readings in the History of American Foreign Relations
(New York, 1952), p. 385.
7. Quoted in L. Roubaud, Vietnam: La Tragédie Indochinoise (Paris, 1926),
p. 80.
8. Quoted in T. Pakenham, e Scramble for Africa (New York, 1991),
p. 13.
9. Quoted in Pakenham, Scramble for Africa, p. 182, citing a letter to
Queen Victoria dated August 7, 1879.
10. Quoted in P. C. W. Gutkind and I. Wallerstein, eds., e Political
Economy of Contemporary Africa (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1976), p. 14.
CHAPTER 22
1. Hosea Ballou Morse, e International Relations of the Chinese Empire,
vol. 2 (London, 1910–1918), p. 622.
2. Quoted in Ssu-yu Teng and John K. Fairbank, eds., China’s Response
to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923 (New York, 1970),
p. 140.
3. Ibid., p. 167.
4. John K. Fairbank, Albert M. Craig, and Edwin O. Reischauer, East Asia:
Tradition and Transformation (Boston, 1973), p. 514.
5. Quoted in John W. Dower, ed., e Origins of the Modern Japanese
State: Selected Writings of E. H. Norman (New York, 1975), p. 13.
CHAPTER 23
1. Arnold Toynbee, Surviving the Future (New York, 1971), pp. 106–107.
2. Quoted in Joachim Remak, “1914— e ird Balkan War: Origins
Reconsidered,” Journal of Modern History 43 (1971): 364–365.
3. Quoted in J. M. Winter, e Experience of World War I (New York,
1989), p. 142.
CHAPTER 15
1. N. Machiavelli, e Prince, trans. D. Wootton (Indianapolis, Ind., 1995),
p. 48.
2. Quoted in R. Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther (New York,
1950), p. 144.
3. J. Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, trans. J. Allen
(Philadelphia, 1936), vol. 1, p. 228; vol. 2, p. 181.
4. Quoted in B. S. Anderson and J. P. Zinsser, A History of eir Own:
Women in Europe from Prehistory to the Present, vol. 1 (New York,
1988), p. 259.
5. Quoted in J. O’Malley, e First Jesuits (Cambridge, Mass., 1993), p. 76.
6. Quoted in J. Klaits, Servants of Satan: e Age of Witch Hunts
(Bloomington, Ind., 1985), p. 68.
CHAPTER 16
1. Vincent A. Smith, e Oxford History of India (Oxford, 1967), p. 341.
2. Quoted in Michael Edwardes, A History of India: From the Earliest
Times to the Present Day (London, 1961), p. 188.
3. Quoted in Edwardes, History of India, p. 220.
4. Quoted in Roy C. Craven, Indian Art: A Concise History (New York,
1976), p. 205.
CHAPTER 17
1. From Jonathan D. Spence, Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K’ang Hsi
(New York, 1974), pp. 143–144.
2. Richard Strassberg, e World of K’ang Shang-jen: A Man of Letters in
Early Ch’ing China (New York, 1983), p. 275.
3. Lynn Struve, e Southern Ming, 1644–1662 (New Haven, Conn.,
1984), p. 61.
4. J. L. Cranmer-Byng, An Embassy to China: Lord Macartney’s Journal,
1793–1794 (London, 1912), p. 340.
5. Daniel J. Boorstin, e Discoverers: A History of Man’s Search to Know
His World and Himself (New York, 1983), p. 63.
6. C. R. Boxer, ed., South China in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1953),
p. 265.
7. Chie Nakane and Sinzaburo Oishi, eds., Tokugawa Japan (Tokyo, 1990),
p. 14.
8. Quoted in Jurgis Elisonas, “Christianity and the Daimyo,” in John
Whitney Hall, ed., e Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 4 (Cambridge,
1991), p. 360.
9. Engelbert Kaempfer, e History of Japan: Together with a Description
of the Kingdom of Siam, 1690–1692, vol. 2 (Glasgow, 1906),
pp. 173–174.
10. Quoted in Ryusaku Tsunda et al., Sources of Japanese Tradition (New
York, 1964), p. 313.
CHAPTER 18
1. J. Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (New York, 1964),
pp. 89–90.
2. Quoted in P. Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe, rev. ed.
(New York, 1994), p. 186.
3. Quoted in W. Doyle, e Oxford History of the French Revolution
(Oxford, 1989), p. 184.
4. Quoted in L. Gershoy, e Era of the French Revolution (Princeton, N.J.,
1957), p. 157.
5. Quoted in Doyle, e Oxford History of the French Revolution, p. 254.
CHAPTER 19
1. Quoted in E. Royston Pike, Human Documents of the Industrial
Revolution in Britain (London, 1966), p. 343.
2. Ibid., p. 315.
3. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, e Communist Manifesto
(Harmondsworth, England, 1967), p. 80. Originally published in 1848.
Chapter Notes 813