Цыбина Е.А., Нудько В.А. Английский язык

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sneeze, cough and perspire while you’re sleeping. You have to stay in bed for two

days.” “But I can’t stay in bed for two days.” “Look,” my sister said. “If you

don’t want medical advice, don’t ask me.”

I think I might have been all right except that my secretary told Healy I was

home with the flu.

NOTE

Wealth is nothing without health. – Однажды укушенный вдвойне боязлив.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away. – Посмотри, прежде чем прыгнуть.

Never say die. – Богатство – ничто без здоровья.

Look before you leap. – Хорошее здоровье выше богатства.

Good health is above wealth. – Яблоко в день заменит доктора.

Once bitten, twice shy. – Никогда не говори – умираю.

A man is as old as he feels, and a woman is old as she looks. – Чтобы стать здоровым,

богатым и мудрым, надо рано ложиться и рано вставать.

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. – Старость

мужчины – в его самочувствии, а женщины – в ее внешности.

What’s the matter? How do you know? (the symptoms) Cause of illness

I’ve got a cold a sore throat, sneezing, a cough a virus

I’ve got flu (U) (more symptoms for a cold + aching a virus

serious than a cold) muscles and a temperature, e.g. 39.5

I’ve got hay fever (U) sneezing, runny nose, sore eyes allergic

reaction to pollen

I’ve got diarrhoea (U) I keep going to the toilet often food,

or a virus

I feel sick I want to vomit (= be sick) many e.g.

food, alcohol

I’ve got a hangover headache, feeling sick too much alcohol

Note: For these illnesses, you can either buy something from the chemist, or go to

your doctor, who may give you a prescription (= a piece of paper with an order

for some medicine) that you get from the chemist.

Aches and pains

Nouns: We only use ache with the following: I’ve got toothache (U), a stomach-

ache, backache (U), earache (U) and a headache. For other parts of the body we

use pain, e.g. I woke up in the night with a terrible pain in my chest.

Verbs: You can use ache for some things, e.g. my back aches; but hurt is more

common to describe real pain, and it can be used with or without a direct object:

She hurt her foot when she jumped off the bus and fell over, (also injured here) or

She hurt herself when she jumped off the bus and fell over.

I hit my leg against the table and it really hurts. (= gives me a terrible pain)

Adjectives: The only common adjective is painful (≠painless):

I had an injection yesterday and it was very painful.

A.: Did it hurt when you had your filling? (= when the dentist fills a hole/cavity in

the tooth).

B: No, it was painless.

Serious illnesses

Doctors believe smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. He had a heart

attack and died almost immediately. Hepatitis is a liver disease.

Asthma (chest illness causing breathing problems) has become more

common.

Note: Illness and disease are often used in the same way, but disease is used

for a serious condition caused by an infection e.g. a liver disease. Illness is a more

general word.

***

10.

Write down the main symptom or symptoms for these conditions.

1) a cold: ..................................................................................

2) flu:...................................................................................

3) hay fever:.............................................................................

4) a hangover: ........................................................................

5) diarrhoea: .........................................................................

6) asthma: ................................................................................

11. Look at the underlined letters in these pairs of words. Is the pronunciation the

same or different? Look at the examples first.

Examples: ache pain same

constipated stomach

different

1 disease diarrhoea 4 virus illness

2 chemist ache

5 flu muscle

3 hurt allergic

6 cough enough

12.Fill the gaps with a suitable word.

1. I hit my hand on the desk and it really………………… .

2. They say she died of a heart……………………….. .

3. She had some apples that weren’t ready to eat and now she’s got

stomachache-………………………….

4. I’ve got this terrible

………………………… i

n my neck from sleeping in the

wrong position.

5. He died of

…………………….

cancer even though he never smoked a

cigarette in his life.

6. I went to the doctor, and she gave me a

……………………..

for some tablets.

7. Pollution makes her

……………………..

worse and it’s difficult for her to

breathe.

8. There are different forms of hepatitis; one is a more serious

……………………

than the other.

9. I hurt

………………..

when I fell off that chair.

10. My back ……………….. from sitting at that computer all day.

NOTE

Common injuries

An injury is damage to part of your body, usually caused by an accident in the

home, on the roads, or during a game, e.g. of football. Here are some common

injuries:

What’s the problem? How did it happen? Result Solution

1. I cut (v, n) my finger using a knife it’s bleeding a bit a plaster

2. I cut my leg quite I fell over it’s bleeding a bandage (n, v)

badly quite a lot

3. I twisted my ankle running for a bus I can’t walk rest

on it easily

4. I broke my arm I fell off my bike I can’t use it plaster (U) and

a sling

5. I’ve got concussion playing football I’m confused; rest

don’t know

where I am

6. I burnt my hand taking something out it’s very painful special cream

of a hot oven

7. I’ve got a bruise I hit it on the side it’s swollen and ice pack

(n, v) on my arm of my desk blue/black

in colour

Hospital treatment

Look carefully at the key words in these texts.

John fell off a chair, hit his head on the floor, and knocked himself

unconscious. His wife called an ambulance but John was still unconscious when

it arrived. He was rushed to hospital (= taken very quickly) where they kept him

for two days for blood tests.

I jumped for the ball and collided with another player (= we ran into / hit each

other). We both had cuts on our head, but I had to go to hospital for eight stitches.

Wounds and injuries

Wound (n, v) and injury are both used to describe damage to the body, but a

wound is generally caused by a weapon (e.g. gun or knife) and it is usually

intentional.

He shot the man in the chest. (= a bullet wound in the chest) [from a gun]

He stabbed the boy in the back. (= a knife wound in the back)

He got into a fight and got beaten up. He had a black eye and two broken ribs.

13. Complete the table with the correct verb forms.

Noun

Verb

cut

wound

injury

shot

Noun

Verb

blood

bandage

bruise

treatment

14. Complete these conversations in a suitable way.

A: ... bleeding quite a Bit, so I had to put a plaster on it before I could finish.

B: How did you do it, anyway?

A: Oh, I was

...................................................

A: ...

the next day the eye was really swollen and he had bruises down both his arms.

B: My goodness. What did he tell his parents?

A: More or less the truth. He said

.....................................................................

A: ... tried to get up again but I couldn’t move. It was incredibly painful, but

fortunately there were a few pedestrians around to help me.

B: That’s lucky. But what were you doing?

A………………………………………………………….…

A: ... my face was cut and he had a terrible bruise on his head.

B: Sounds very unpleasant. How did it happen exactly?

A: .........................................................................................................................

15. Answer these questions about yourself. If possible, ask another person the same

questions.

Have you ever broken your arm or leg?

Have you ever needed stitches ?

Have you ever had concussion?

Have you ever been unconscious?

Have you ever had a blood test?

Have you ever been in an ambulance?

NOTE

What are your symptoms?

I’ve got a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a temperature [a higher

temperature than normal] / a stomach ache / chest pains / earache / a pain in my

side / a rash on my chest / spots / a bruise on my leg [e.g. after playing football] /

a black eye [e.g. after being hit in the eye] / a lump on my arm / indigestion [after

eating too fast] / sickness and diarrhoea [an upset stomach which makes you

vomit and need to go to the toilet frequently] / sunburn / painful joints [e.g.

ankles, knees, wrists, shoulders] / blisters [after wearing new, tight shoes].

I feel sick / dizzy [my head is spinning] / breathless / shivery [cold and hot] /

faint [light-headed].

I am depressed / constipated [not able to go to the toilet] / tired all the time.

I’ve lost my appetite / voice; I can’t sleep, my nose itches [I want to scratch it],

my leg hurt!

What do doctors do?

They take your temperature, listen to your chest, look in your ears, examine

you, take your blood pressure, ask you some questions and weigh and measure you

before sending you to the hospital for further tests.

What’s the diagnosis?

You’ve got flu / chickenpox / mumps [singular noun] / pneumonia /

rheumatism an ulcer / a virus / a bug / something that’s going round.

You’ve broken your wrist and sprained/dislocated your ankle.

You’re pregnant / a hypochondriac.

He died of lung cancer / a heart attack / a brain haemorrhage / AIDS.

What does the doctor prescribe?

a) Take one tablet three times a day after meals.

b) Take a teaspoonful of medicine last thing at night.

c) Rub this ointment on you and don’t spend too long in the sun without

suncream.

d) We’ll get the nurse to put a bandage on your wrist.

e) You’ll need to have some injections before you go to the Amazon.

f) I’ll ask the surgeon when he can fit you in for an operation.

g) You’ll have to have your leg put in plaster until the break mends.

h) I think you should have total bed rest for a week.

What might the doctor ask you?

What would you say if the doctor asked you the following questions?

Do you have health insurance?

Have you ever had any operations?

Are you taking any medication?

Are you allergic to anything?

***

16. Match the diseases with their symptoms.

1) flu swollen glands in front of ear, earache or pain on eating

2) pneumonia

burning pain in abdomen, pain or nausea after eating

3) rheumatism

rash starting on body, slightly raised temperature

4) chickenpox

dry cough, high fever, chest pain, rapid breathing

5) mumps

headache, aching muscles, fever, cough, sneezing

6) an ulcer

swollen, painful joints, stiffness, limited movement

17.

What does the doctor or nurse use the following things for?

EXAMPLE stethoscope For listening to a patient’s chest.

1 thermometer 2 scales 3 syringe 4 scalpel

18.

Look at the statements (a) to (h) in D opposite. Which do you think the doctor

said to each of the following patients?

1) Anne with bad sunburn.

2) Jo who’s broken her leg.

3) John who’s off to the Tropics.

4) Paul with flu.

5) Liz with a bad cough.

6) Sam who needs his appendix out.

7) Rose suffering from exhaustion.

Alf who’s sprained his wrist.

19.

What medical problems might you have if ...

1) you wear shoes that rub?

2) you eat too fast?

3) you smoke a lot?

4) you play football?

5) you go skiing?

6) you stay out in the sun too long?

7) you eat food you’re allergic to?

8) you run unusually fast for a bus?

9) you eat food that is bad?

10) a mosquito bites you?

11) you get wet on a cold day?

12) you think you’re ill all the time?

20. Study the ‘case history’ below. Then write ten headlines for the President’s ten-

day illness, from President taken ill to The nation holds its breath.

‘You’re in perfect health ... as fit as a fiddle ... there’s nothing wrong with you.’

‘I feel a bit off-colour ... rather under the weather ... I do feel funny ... I really

don’t feel well... I think I’m sickening for something ... I feel feverish ... like death

warmed up.’

‘He’s been taken ill... he’s in a coma ... fighting for his life ... still critically

ill... in a very critical condition ... no change ... still seriously ill... still hasn’t

regained consciousness ... is responding to treatment ... off the danger list...

showing signs of coming round ... making progress ... his condition is satisfactory

... he’s come out of the coma ... he’s as well as can be expected ... comfortable ...

no change ... he’s turned the corner ... he’s on the mend.’

‘We all wish you a speedy recovery ... get well soon ... we’re glad you’re over it.’

‘The worst is over ... he’s almost completely recovered ... he’s practically

cured ... he’s convalescing ... coming along nicely ... he’ll be on his feet again

soon ... he’ll be out and about again in a few days.’

‘He’s had a relapse ... he’s no better ... he’s getting worse ... his condition is

deteriorating ... he’s getting weaker ... he’s slipping away ... fading fast... his life

is hanging by a thread ... it’s just a matter of time ... he could go at any second!’

‘He’s made a miraculous recovery ... he’s as good as new ... as right as rain

... he’ll live till he’s a hundred.’

21. Without looking back at the previous two texts, try to supply the missing word that

completes these expressions:

1) under the ...

2) it’s just a ... of time

3) …the mend

4) suffer ... hayfever

5) to go ... with ‘flu

6) turn the...

7) as ... as a fiddle

8) a bit...- colour

9) fighting ... his life

10) allergic ... dust

11) as right as ...

12) just a ... attack of nerves

22. Here, on this rather unpleasant page, are some of the best-known and least-

wanted diseases and conditions, arranged according to where they strike or what

causes them. However, in each group there is one that should not be there. Can you

identify it?

The heart and blood vessels

poor circulation

high blood pressure

a stroke

heart attack

jaundice

cardiac arrest

heart failure

The liver

gallstones

cirrhosis of the liver

hepatitis

cancer of the liver

coronary thrombosis

The stomach and intestines

appendicitis

stomach ulcer

polio

a hernia

constipation

The blood

anaemia

pneumonia

leukaemia

a haemorrhage

a blood clot

Infectious fevers

measles

chickenpox

german measles (rubella)

smallpox

pleurisy

glandular fever

yellow fever

scarlet fever

whooping cough

influenza

leprosy

malaria

Food poisoning

typhoid

dysentery

diarrhoea and vomiting

salmonella

mumps

The joints

rheumatism

enteritis

arthritis

fibrositis

The lungs and respiratory system

diphtheria

catarrh

sinusitis

tonsilitis

laryngitis

asthma

angina

cholera

bronchitis

tuberculosis (TB)

lung cancer

The nervous system

migraine

epilepsy (epileptic fits)

Parkinson’s disease

multiple sclerosis

muscular dystrophy

Mental disorders

Schizophrenia

manic depression

neurosis

paranoia

23. This is a section on symptoms, possible diagnosis and remedies. These six

exchanges between doctor and patient have been mixed up. Decide which response

should follow which question.

1. I’ve been suffering from insomnia lately. Do you think I might be heading for a

nervous breakdown?

2. I seem to have some sort of stye or infection in my right eye. Do you think I might

have conjunctivitis?

3. I can’t stop scratching this place on my foot. Do you think it’s athlete’s foot?

4. I’ve got a rather sore throat, and I keep feeling a bit flushed. Do you think it

could be ‘flu?

5. I’ve got a big bump on the back of my head. Do you think it might be more than a

bruise?

6. I keep getting shooting pains down my shin and ankle. Is it possible that I’ve

broken or sprained something?

a) Possible. Try this lotion for a few days to stop the itching, then start putting on

this powder at night.

b) Unlikely, but I’ll let you have some cough mixture to relieve the symptoms.

You can get yourself some lozenges, if you like.

c) I would doubt it. Here, rub this cream in for the next few nights to help reduce

the swelling.

d) No, of course not. But I’ll prescribe some barbiturates – sleeping pills – to help

you get a good night’s rest. OK?

e) l wouldn’t have thought so. But I’ll give you a prescription for some drops to try

and clear it up.

f) Well, the X-ray didn’t show anything. If it’s so painful, you’d better have some

crutches to walk with and some painkillers to ease the pain.

24. Rearrange these six paragraphs in the same way.

1) I’ve got a dull ache in my arm and occasionally I get a spasm. Could it be a minor

fracture, a chipped bone or something?

2) I’ve got these tiny little bumps all over the back of my neck. Do you think it

might be gland trouble?

3) I’ve come out in a rash on my chest. Do you think it could be a skin disease like

impetigo or dermatitis?

4) I keep getting short of breath. Is there any way I could be suffering from

asthma?

5) I think I’ve got an ulcer in my mouth. Do you think it could be a sign that I’m run

down?

6) I feel so feverish, and I’m sure I’ve got a temperature. I’m so afraid that there’s

something wrong with my heart.

a) Mm, sounds a bit like it. I’ll make you out a prescription for some penicillin, and

some menthol inhalations might speed up the recovery.

b) It’s just possible. I’ll strap it up anyway and put it in a sling. That should reduce

your discomfort quite a lot.

c) Oh, I shouldn’t think so, but I think perhaps you ought to start taking these

tranquillisers, to at least get your blood pressure down.

d) Oh no, no, no. You’d know if it was. I’ll give you some ointment to rub in to get

rid of the inflammation.

e) Probably not. I’ll put you on a course of tablets to prevent them from

spreading. They should go soon.

f) It might well be. I’ll put you on antibiotics for a while anyway, to lessen the risk

of serious infection.

25. Complete the text below by filling each gap with one of the following verbs:

dressing setting giving taking saving fitting sterilizing taking out

transplanting taking off performing

Well, don’t you think it’s unfair? There they are upstairs,... bones, ... skin grafts, ...

pacemakers, ... organs,... lives and exciting things like that. And here I am