Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

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SELF-INSTRUCTION

lEISH.

349

CAob

(cAob, side),

relating

to,

in regard

to.

2ln7eAf5,

among,

amidst (from

a), and rneA]-c,

mixing-

Latin, misceo ; Eng.

mix, i.

e.,

misc.

From A5A1Ó

{eye-e)

face,

front, is formed the

preposition

Ar)T)

A5Aib,

acfainst,

which is

very

much

with

the (face) vieio to,

intended

for,

z'^

fe fo

A5A16

SeAn^uiT*,

this

is intended

for James.

a5aió,

away

from,

from

the face of;

ao] a5A|Ó,

under the eye

of, in the

view

of.

The

preposition

Ai|t,

on, is omitted oftentimes

before

bur),

foundation; cul, rear, back

;

f:Ab,

length

;

|:eA8,

space

;

frub.^

breadth

;

5AC, shade, appearance

;

for),

sake ;

—bo,

to, is

not

always

expressed

with

curn, the

form, shape,

the

waist,

circumference, position;

nor

with

|téi|t,

will,

accord.

this

way these nouns have the

appearance' of

simple

prepo-

sitions. In the ibllowing list they are given

full

—

21]

|t but),

established.

2Í!|t cul,

behind ; as,

A^jt cul

r)A

flejbe,

behind

the

moun-

tain

; AT|i

cul

AT)

bojtuif,

behind the door.

9X]]x

pC\b,

in length

;

the length of.

2li|t

|:eAb,

during;

as, a^^i. peA8

At)

Ias, during

the

day.

2ii|t

-pub Ai}

borbA^T), throughout the world.

2lj|t 1*5

AC,

for

the sake (rather, show)

of,

for

the lucre

of; A|]t

i*5Ac cAi|ibe,

for the sake of

respite;

for a

little

loan.

2li|i 1*01),

for the sake of, through.

2lf

ucc,

through,

by virtue of.

i)o

]téi|t,

according

(tieiji,

accord,

will).

<t)o

curt)

(or,

tun)

alone), to, towards, for,

for the purpose

of;

curt) T)A

|-le]be,

to the mountain

;

curr)

obatjca, in order

to do it

(literally,

order to its doing).

VOCABULARY.

ilinneK»

/•

(root,

i^.^;\.,

ploughing,

sup-

port),

gen.,

^mnéiré (the final

e in these

instances

always

Irish

a distinct

syllable,

and is,

therefore, to

pronounced),

cattle,

chattels

;

Xxmoeir ci^e,

household

stuff;

Armoric,

har-

ness

English,

/iar»e«.s.

á-iT^uejr,

in the spoken Irish,

means,

per

se,

cattle—from

it is derived

i\]ntiev\c, disease

cattle,

mur-

rain.

ivmnéir,

cattle, a

and

e are

pronounced

long

;

»A]n-

neir,

chattels,

short.

GuolAió,

birds ; a

noun of

multitude,

from euTj,

a bird. The

ending

350

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

Ui6,

"ry,"in the English

word,"poultry,"

from

theFrench,

pouletrie,

imparts to the root,

eur),

a collective

meaning. Pou-

let

(Fr.),

young hen;

poulet-

rie,

all

kinds

of fowl. See Easy

Lessons,

part

IV.,

256.

Ion)A]5, image,

idea, idiom, figure

(from

or ao],

element, an

outline

;

and

liiAi^,

11^115,

the

gen.

case of Tbo5, the

old Irish

term for

man, found

the Latin,

homo,

nemo). That

ioitjajJ

compound word appears from

the fact

that li^

is asp. The

second part

of the

compound

begins,

therefore, with the aspi-

rated letter tt).

Armor. , imac/i

;

Latin,

imago.

It is in vain one

looks in

Latin

dictionary for

the derivation

of imago

;

best

quasi

derivation (imago,

imitatio)

the

only one

given.

is plain the Latins borrowed

the term

from

the

Keltic dialect

which the Sabines spoke.

Soi^lo)

»->to

creep,

crawl, to sneak

;

from

rn-^io

is formed yr)'A]-^eK\c,

adj., creeping, crawling ; n.,

creeper, or crawler, i.

e., a ser-

pent, a

reptile

—words

which

come,

the

one

from serpo,

Latin,

crawl

;

peirw, Greek,

to creep.

5T)C\)5eAn,

same; a

serpent, snake.

So-^)o'

to creep, is pronounced

snaw-y,

one

syl.,

and

thus

distin-

guished from

rn>^1o>

rnAjD,

snyee

(ló

long),

cleave, to

cut,

to bew, to make

thin, fine,

pare.

This

latter should be,

it is

often

written,

V'joio-

SnA5,

not asp.)

means to

creep,

to crawl—hence

the word

snake,

a serpent of

the

oviparous

kind.

SnA5, n

signifies one

with

creep-

ing gait—

hence

woodpecker

tnA5

brieAc

(speckled) a

magpie.

„

the

hiccup.

SrjA^Ac,

full

of woodpeckers.

„

creeping.

Sr)A5Aifie, a

sneaking fellow

;

term

contempt

common

among

the

people.

SnA5 U\bA]ft,

v.,

stammer.

The

English word

snail"

appears to

come

from

vi)Ai5-aiI,

thing

that creeps.

SnAii).

v.,

snawv,

to swim,

is of kin-

dred

meaning,

with

ro^Jo-

EXERCISE

CXIV.

{Continuation

from

page

317.)

2l5u|*

11151)6

t)|A be|ri5

c<v

c<\lrt)At>

i?o

iié|ft"

cyxye'oX

(according

to their

kinds)

A5uf*

ivntijeAj*,

A5Uf

5AC

t)i6

|-i)v\i5e<\|- <vi|t

AT) caUh)

"bo

péift"

cioejl.

2I5UI*

cor)T)<\|itc

i)|A

5uit

bu8

rbA|c

x]V.

2l5Uf

bub^inc

|*e:

b&Ai)Amii|f

Ai)

bu]T)e

Ai)r) A]t

t)-béilb

l^éio,

"bo

iié|it"

Aft

5-cof

attjIacca

i^ep)

;

A5U|' b]6eA6

c]5eAfxi}A|*

(lordship,

do-

minion)

Ai5e

0)01)1)"

iAf5

T)A

liAinitse,

<V5U|*

cior)T)"

eiii)UiÓ

AI)

Aei|t,

A3Uf

cioiji)"

t)<v

b-A]lti)é|re

A5iif

r)A

cAlrT)Ai)

ujle,

ajuj* jac ujle

djO fuajjeAC

1*1)^15-

eAf

A||i At)

cAUri).

21)a]i

x\x)

citHcu]5

Í)ia

ai)

biijne

Ai)r)

ioti)A]3

fe]!):

ai)i)

ioti)Ai5

í)e ho

c|tucii|3

fé

é,

i:iltloi)i)

A5uf

bAii)|Oi)i)

c|tucui5

jAb.

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

351

Obs.

—

The pronouns governed

these propositions

(1)

are -placed between the

simple

preposition and the

noun

;

and

(2)

are put into the

genitive case

;

as,

In the

midst

: Apr)

A|t'' n7eA^5 (in

our midst),

Before

?/oM ; o\

bu]i"

5-corT}<\]n (in your front).

After i/<e//2

m)X) "a"

i)-&ia]3

(in their

^Ix)',

con-

tractedly,

'x)

ij-bjAij.

Before

thee

(in

your

presence—

where

you stand)

<sx)X)

Before me (in my view,

that

can observe) :

Arjr)

1170"

f-]A6i)uife.

That these prepositions

should in this way

govern

the

pronouns is

quite

natural,

as is plain

from

their meaning.

For, in English, the

words

in our midst,"

the

same as

in the midst

our

presence

the pre-

sence

ws;"

&c.

The possessive pronoun

owr holds

the

place of the gen.

case

of the pronoun

personal

us.

Its

corresponding term in Irish is,

Ait,''

us,

our.

From e\y,

a spot, a place, a track, a foot-print, come

the

prepositions

^\m

e]!*,

after (in the track of).

Í)'

e|f,

after (of the

track

of)

;

e]f

is commonly

written

without the apostrophe,

&eif,

after-

'Ca]i

e]f,

after (over

the track

of).

From

&1A]5, end, conclusion, is formed

the preposition,

At)i)

b]Ai3,

iifter;

contractedly,

t)-biA]5

(pr.

ney-ee);

&IA]5

relates to place,

position

;

as,

John is after

James

(in place),

civSeA5A0

bjAjj

SeArt)u|f.

4Dé|ó,

with longing

desire

;

as,

t;i'1

rrjé At}r)

6é]6

pt) ojic,

I do not grudge

you that.

JA|i,

after,

behind

(]A|i, the

west)

;

rA|t

é]f

and

iA|t,

re-

late

time;

as,

iA|t

ceACc, after coming.

jot)T)f

<\]8

(from

the noun

-|our)]'ui&,

an attack,

turning

towards an

approach

to;

it),

in, and

xn\6,

sit,

rest)

;

b']Oi}T)-

fuióe,

towards,

against;

with

a verb

motion it gives the

idea of

hostility,

opposition,

also of seeking

refuge

; cua^ó

iot}r)|*u]8e atj

T)ATT)Aib, he

went

to encounter the

enemy.

"CiTDcpU

means

circuit,

ambit

;

a cjrrxiioU,

therefore,

means

about, around

; and

is usually employed without the

preposition

(in).

352

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

'C\x^]-\i]m, conjecture; root, cuA|t,

sign, a

prognostic;

t^A

cuv\||i]Tt),

towards, about; as, -pA tii-\^\i]rn bo

f'li^irjce,

towards

your

health

;

-pA

cu<\]|t|rt7

t)a

lejbe,

towards,

somewhere

about

the

mountain

;

e., in

the direction of,

without de-

fining

that it

is really

—

this meaning

accords

with

its

radix, cuA|t,

guess, conjecture,

sign.

b-c],

to,

unto,

up to.

Tjuije,

until, vip

to.

3ur>

towards ;

same

50,

to,

towards.

It receives

final

for the

sake of

euphony.

Whenever the

article av),

the, comes immediately

after; as,

5uf

ai)

n)-bAile

Tt)ói|t,

the large town;

i.e.,

city or town, as

contra-distinguished

from

(b^ile)

village.

The word

a]]*,

meaning side, border,

brink (perhaps

for

é]x,

track, mark), is

not found in any

Irish Dictionary

which

the writer has seen,

yet it is common in the

spoken language;

as,

A^f,

along,

by the side of

A^f

T)A coi)t)c<v 5lo|tAc'

3é]rni)Ac'

SA^t^."

"Along

by the waves, roaring, loud-resounding,

raging."

EXERCISE

CXV.

DIALOGUE BETWEEN A

YOUNG MAN AND A

YOUNG

WOMAN

—

HIS COUSIN.

[The use

and

application of the compound proposition are

here attended

to.]

(Rose.) Oh,

William,

have found

you,

all

alone

(At)T) b' Aor)A]t)

;

what a pensive being

Here

you"

are in

the garden,

like Adam in Eden,

with

the

trees and

flowers

{i\]]x bo Iait)

beii* ^3«^

A^fi

bo) On your

right, and

your

left, the verdant

plains spread out

before

you"

(of

con7Ai|x),

lambkins and sheep,

calves

and

cows, and

beasts

of all

kinds

roaming "in

your view"

(AT)t) bo

-pjAOouife),

the

cloudless sky

above

you (oy

c]oi)i)),

the

running'

streams

hard by (at)1) b'

aicg),

all forming

picture

on which

poets

might love

to look :

for

all that,

you

are, I find

(pcicjrr))

alone.

(William.) Not

so (t)'

ATnUjo

civ),

dear

girl {njo

CAjlir)

bil]i;),

not

alone. 3. (Rose.)

is true

you are not at present

(Ar)0]|*),

since I have come

ca]t;(c

w^ye).

You want to appear

clever

{]]-

n^jAt)

leAc a

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

353

be^c

slic);

did you

take long to think so deeply and

speak

sosapiently

(UbAjitc

6*51)^6)

? 5. You do^'not wish,

sure, to do

me wrong

(eA5cói|i

a 6eAr)A6

oitn)),

nor

yourself wrong!

6. Neither, my

dear

sir

;

you

(cA

Cforjr)

AJATT)

-oitc)

as a

kind friend and

brother,

and

confess

myself more

;

so there is

fear then

that I shall

you an

injustice

(eA5cói|i)

;

much less

there fear that

shall do

injustice

myself.

7. I

am glad to hear

you say

so;

pray tell me, if

you

please

(]VT]'5

i^Atrj, tt)a

]]" ]•]

to]l

e),

whenever you view a mirror

(f5AcAi)),

do you not per-

ceive some

pleasing reflections

(dac

b-peiceAi)i)

]0tt)a]5i8

beAfA

A15

eTiii5)

arise "before"

you

(of

cornA^^t) ?

must be

candid

(fri]t]i)eAc),

and

admit

I do

(A5ur

ijiixS

b-peiCTiT)).

And am

Í to be

less reflective

than mere

glass

(i)iof

\]ii beAljXAC

't^A

5lAii)e)

"in your presence"

(adt)

Í30

Iacaih)

? can I prevent bright images from

floating across

ray

mind when

(ai;) c|t^r)

your

radiant

countenance sheds

{x;^e^te]VV

5r)U]f

|*oill|'eAC

r^^lol^

^3"]*

r"Aijiceir)

smiles

and

sweetness across

its

exterior

{<\]}i

A5A16)

? The

very

clifls,

cold and

flinty

((c|tuA.-i6e),

would

return

sweet echoes

your voice, and am

be mute

(bAlb),

speechless (5AT)

^ocAjl),

in your presence

(auo

Iacaijx)

? 10.

You

over-

power

me,

these

spoken

in reference

me.

You

astonish

you are preaching philosophy

(|*A|t]iu]5eAr)ij

rne,

rr)A

Ojirrj-fA

lAb|tAi)i)

idajv

fo,

cui|teAT)r)

1ot)5t)A6

0]tii7

n)A

]:eAl|'AijAcc

ciMjt A]3

ceA5A]-5). 11.

shall speak

neither flattery (blAr)bA]t)

nor

philosophy, al-

though

my words seem

to have

of both.

In your

presence"

must have high

thoughts. 1

Very

well

;

whence do you

derive

your wisdom?

13. From solitude

(uAi5T5eAf).

14. That is,

you love to

alone?

15.

I am

never alone

;

am never

less alone

than when

you perceive

alone.

16. How is

that?

Are you surrounded

fairies

nymphs of the

woods ?

Is this fairyland

(cifi

t)a

i)-ó5) ? 17. It

is not

fairyland,

though,

perhaps, it is the

land

of fairies;

yet 1

must

say that

I have never seen

any

fairy or

sylvan

nymph

less

real than yourself,

18.

Give

over (co|*5 o|tc)

;

just come

along

(ca]i|i

ua]c).

Have

got any wonderful

fish

this river?

19. No

; we

have got

only trout. 20.

Oh,

just see some

yonder, how they bask

354

SELF-INSTRUCTION

lEISH.

the sun;

at our approach they dart oíF. 21.

How

fleet they

move

in the waters! 22.

Astonishingly.

23.

If you wish

see a

good

many, move

slowly

along

the" bank

;

look

on the

side

of the

river

which

the

sun

sheds his warm

rays. 24. Why look there?

25.

Because

fish love the

sunshine.

26.

Do fish in

water receive

heat

from

the

sun's rays?

27.

Certainly. 28. The

sands

and

pebbles on

the

bed of

the stream appear lighted

—

how

clearly

everything

in the

waters

and beneath them

appears.

29. That, to me, is

proof

(cAifbe<\r)A6)

of how

God's

eye

sees

all

creatures,

as yours or

mine

behold the fish

and

the

pebbles beneath the

waters—nay, he sees the

very

thoughts

of the soul

{yn)n^\nze

At)

ai^atda)

for "all things,"

are

taught,

are naked

and open to

his

eyes"

(i)occu]5ce

A^uf

of5Ailce

coi-b<\]]t

ful).

The darkest

abyss

(Aibe||*

])-

&0|]tce),

the

most hidden

recess,

becomes like the

bed

the stream in the sun's light, open

His view. 30.

I see

you

are not only philosophic (eAjDAc), but

religious

(bu]r)e

blAÓA).

31. True

philosophy and true religion

go together.

They

are like

the

earth and sun—the earth receives

(pA5At)T))

light and heat and

steadiness in its movements from

the

sun —so

philosophy receives all its

lustre from

religion,

and

without

her influence would go

adrift (bul

a]|i ^ai)) and

perish. 32. Good bye ;

shall profit

by your thoughts

and

take a lesson from

those words

of wisdom.

FIFTY-SEVENTH LESSON.

CONJUNCTIONS,

INTERJECTIONS—

GAELIC

SYNTAX.

sentence, like a

chain,

cannot be

formed without

the collecting links

speech—

conjunctions.

The very

first Exercise

required their use, and

the

first

word

in the

Vocabulary to

that Exercise is

a conjunctive

particle.

All

the

conjunctions

the language have,

different stages of the

fore-

going

Lessons,

been

brought before the learner's notice. They are

here

presented

one

group

—

CONJUNCTIONS.

9{cz

(1),

but;

(2)

except,

at;

ast, Latin.

216

is an

incorrect

spelling;

acc

found in the

most ancient MSS.

2l5U|*

(1),

and;

(2)

as,

the

Latin

ac, atque, which

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

355

have

both

meanings, that

and,"

and

as."

See

the

word

CO,

"Easy

Lessons,"

Part

I.,

—Vocabulary

Fourtli

Lesson.

Silour,

in ancient

writings,

Accur

and

ocur,

akin to

rco>->r,

near,

connect-

ing

; and to A15,

prep, at;

British,

ac,

and;

^Yelsh, ag

;

Latin,

;

Scand.

; by

changing the

palatal c

(k) into

t, ef, Lat.,

and by

altering

the posi-

tion

of the consonant

obtained

the

Greek Kai.

The

learner

will

remember

that its

modern

spelling is

"»\5ur,"

and

not,

some

authorities

write it,

ocur."

This

latter was

its spelling

some

ten

bundled

years ago.

^3iir

contracted

into

'sur,

a'x,

and

'r,

poetry;

A'r

is sometimes

but

incorrectly,

printed

ir,

thus confounded

in its spelling

with the word

ir,

—the

assertive form of

the verb

be,

beic,

9X\),

whether;

used in

asking questions in the present

tense ;

as,

2lr)"

cu civ

At)i)

Is it you who are here

Latin

same,

—

ai"

qui es?

T\'hen preceding

verb in the past tense

becomes

A^t, whether

; T''

part of the

obsolete

particle

v-'^,

sign

the

past

tense.

CeAUA,

before,

already, even

;

acc

ceAt^x,

but, however,

moreover.

(and cori) in

composition),

(1)

so,

(2)

that,

(3)

until;

luAc

"A3uf,"

soon as. See

21,

Easy

Lessons."

3o, conj.

that,

the

end that; French, que

;

Erse,

Scotch Gaelic, gu.

(^o

also a prep, to

;

and sign of the

adv., as,

ttjoji,

exceedingly.)

3iiTi»

that {i.e.,

and ]to),

employed

before the

sub-

junctive tenses.

With buó,

may be,

3un forms

the

compound

5UATib, that it may

—

which, in old writings, is found

written thus

—

c\x\\h

and

cutxAb,

B16

and bjo6

(pr.

bee),

bióeAÓ,

let

it be

(imperative

mood, third

singular),

be it

so, grant

it, like the

Latin,

esto,

although.

3i&

and

5i6eA6,

although,

yet, nevertheless,

composed

50,

that,

and

b]óeA6.

and

36,

although,

appear

to be

derived (like

quod, in

Latin)

from

the

pronoun

c^a, ca,

who,

what.

C16

(pr. kee),

seeing

that,

even,

although,

yet, perhaps;

same as

3)6,

from

cjó,

sees.

Í)a,

ij\

had

been

that,

the

hypothesis that

—

pre-

cedes

the

conditional

mood,

which,

reference

past

time, it imparts

the

meaning

the

pluperfect

subjunctive.

356

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

t^A differs

from

n)A in

this—

that

njA precedes

the

indicative

form of

conjugation

;

goes before the conditional, bA

nj-buAilvAipi),

should

strike

;

and,

in reference

to past time, had I stricken,

had

stricken.

2t)<\,

if;

and

\r)<^X

ío^ "^a'j*,

n}^

]]*,

it is.

SHas

and

njAc, in ancient writings, are for tija and

buó,

were.

T^óf

yet, moreover

;

from

^óf,

rest

;

hence,

^ófu5A6,

abide;

cluAD-fóif,

the abode

rest

—

the name of

St.

pJarlath's church,

near Tuam.

'}o\yA, and

eontractecTly,

'o^,

which, is

now the common

form=:than

;

c<x

cufA

\i\ox

^e<\]t|t ija

n^ife,

thou art

better

than

OloAt in

old writings,

means literally, is above

;

from

(same

or),

above,

and

jri

is; also,

oIoa, and

olOAce

(from ol,

over, and z'.\,

is.

"It

should

also be noted," says Dr.

O'Donovan,

that

olSAr,

oI&ac, is

very fre-

quently used

for ]oni^, in

ancient

writings

;

as,

All

yxo bA

b]le

\e-\x

cIadd.

NeAccAjrj ol&Ac

cIai^t)

HeiU,

' for the sons

Neachtan were

dearer to him

than the

children of Nial.'

—

Ann. Four Mast., a.d. 1460.

2t)Ati,

as; Tr)A|i

-|-o,

thus;

rx)i^]x

fju,

that way; so and

so.

^A|t

At) 3-céA&i)A

(bt),

pr.

?z?z),

also,

in like manner.

Ma,

not, like

(ne Latin) prohibitive,

t)A b^At;),

do not;

rjAit,

not (=r)A and

]to)

before

subjunctive tenses;

t;A|i

le|3i6

i))A,

God forbid.

2T}A, if, with t)A,

makes

n)ur)A,

not, unless, except that.

20iii)A|t,

in the

subj. tenses, and contractedly,

njun.

Before

buó, is, may

be,

njunA becomes

TDunAb

and njupbAó, were it not,

icas not ; and

also

nniOAn

before

buó,

viith

50,

that,

following.

2I)unAti

buo

50,

contractedly,

nnin

b^^

5'»

com-

monly

pronounced by the

people,

mutv

beA5, ivere

it not that, &c.

(1),

not

{absolute

negative),

co|fi,

not

right;

T)] n)e,

not I

(2)

neither, nor

;

t)]

iDH'e,

vo cufA,

neither

nor

thou

; r)]

iDAjc,

t;o olc, neither good

nor

evil.

becomes in the

past tense

nfott,

absolute

negative.

Observe the

difforetice

between

nfoti

andrjAn:

rjfon

is in

the

direct

form,

as,

nfori" ni'ine

n)é

é,

I did

not do it

;

tja^i, in

the indirect or

subjunctive

;

as, bem 10

r)S\\"

T^inne

é,

he said

that

I did not do it.

Wat\" riTJne,

here follows

the verb iiejti, says, and

therefore d'a^, and

not

nfon,

employed.

Mo,

or,

nor.

This

particle

should be

spelled with o

and not

with A, to distinguish it

ircm

'o'A,

than,

ija,

not,

tja,

the (article).

Mac

negative

relative employed in clauses that are

dependent),

is not=t)i,

not, and

ac,

for

acc,

but=not but;

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

357

7JAC

n)'\]t

but

is lie

not

good

3-'*^^?=5<''

V^j

tliat

nob

in secondary

dependent clauses.

O, since

;

before

verbs.

Ó ca]iIa, whereas. See

243.

Oi|t,

ibr, perhaps from

Ai|t,

on.

SeAÓ

{shah),

yes=ii*

é,

it is;

feAO

(nee

/íctZí),

no,

is not.

2t)<vi]*eiv6 (accent on

feívó),

is it,

so.

2l)<\]feA6

(accent

Tt^Aif),

pr.

maiS(?=well, well.

Sill,

before that.

VOCABULARY.

CotiMODAnn,

co-equal

;

from

con),

together ;

and

lonAnn»

the same.

r>ejiT)]n,

indeed,

true

;

seitrjiD

truly.

t5e<\5.óAO]i)e,

good people;

the

vir-

tuous, the elect ; bAojoe

n)A]te

(good

people), the

fairies.

'^V'^V^,

gen.

^Ttol^5e,

2nd dec,

class,

a tribe, a

race.

It is of

kindred

meaning

with the

word

t>r^eATi), a

tribe, a family, a

race,

rsnoT}^ is used in a

disparaging

sense,

like the word gan^,

English.

e]bfri-óev\lbcA,

distinct

;

from

eibm.

between, and

seAlbcA,

formed;

DCAlb, frame,

form,

Abuitt,/.,

nature

;

Welsh,

natur.

The word

only"

in English

translated into

Gaelic

the words

not

but

as,

there

is only one

God,

I)]"

b-vuil

AC-" AOt)

ttJA

ArijAio, there is

not but.

EXERCISE CXVI.

This

Exercise is

taken

from the Catechism,

because in it is exemplified

the

use of

the conjunctions

;

it is withal

very easy :

Caí?

é AT)

ceub

T)i6,

cói|i

^<kc

uile

cftio|*Cv\]5e

(Christian) a

cjieibeAO (to believe) ? 2.

3^ b-puil

Aot)

i)]A

ATÍ^Aii)

aw;

é yo

At)

ceiib

Ai|tceA5Al

cfié

(of

the

creed).

Cia

«Dja?

4. C]tucu]5ceo]|i

r)&]rne

A^ay

cAln^Ao; A5iif

A|tb-'C|5eA|itjA_ 5ac u]le

v\^-

2li)

|tAb

i)]A

AT)r>, 3AC

ujle

An)? 6.

A^uf

fto|Tt)

3AC

ujle

Art)

;

be b|t]3

50 b~f

ujl

& 5AT)

cúf,

5Ar)

bef|teA6 (end).

b-fU]l

<DlA?

"Ca

|*&

A]]l

T)eATT)

A5UI*

A|Jt

C^vÍATt),

A5uf

Ar)r) 5AC

u]le bAll

(spot, part),

be *t) bort)Ar).

2lr)

b-peiceAi)i)

5AC

uile

t)]Ó?

10.

C]^

5AC u]le i)]ó,

flu

t)A

frr)UAir)ce'if

uAi5T)|3e a

5-c|toiÓe

at)

bu]t)e. 11.

C'A TTjélb

<DlA

Ai)T)? 12.

I^i

b-fU]l

ACC"

AOt)

i)|A

ATÍ)ÍV]1);

be]|tfeAf

Aoibr)eAf fíojijtujóe

bo t)a

bea5-6A0]i)ib

Ajuf

p]AT)CA

f|0]t]iui6e

bo't)

b|tor)5

Ioccac.

13.

TÍ)é]b

peAjtf^

358 SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

AW<DlA?

14.

"Cjti

peA|irAi?A,

e^bi^-óeAlbcA A5u|*

C0TÍ)]0'

t)Ai)i) Ar)i)

5AC u]le

v]^;

TT}A|t

cC\ ai)

c-2lcAni,

a;^u|*

ai)

2t)AC,

AJUf

AT)

SpiO|tAb MaOtÍ). 15.

2ll) 't>]A

Al)

r-2lcATti?

16.

"jr

reA6"5o

bein^iT).

17.

2li)

<Dia

Ai;2t)AC? 18.

"jr

reAÓ"

beimii).

19.

2lr)

<t)|A

ai;

Sp]0|tAí3 Naoit)? 20.

rsAO"

beirbiD.

21.

2lu

cui

«Dejce

lAb?

22.

feAÓ,"

Acc"

AOi)

<t)]A

Arbivio

b-c]t|

b-peAit|-Ai)nA]b

; be

bfi]5,

t;ac

b-|:uil

aca

acc"

aoi)

i)^búi|i

a5U|' aoi)

c-|*ub-

fCAiuc

Aii)iV]T)

6]a6a.

23.

CAb

ATr)m

bo t)a

c|ti

peA|t|*Ar)-

tjA^b

"aw AOiupeAcc?"

24.

2lt)

Tuit^oib

]to

MAorbcA,

t)ó"

Aor)

i)(A Ari7i\ii)

b-q-i]

b-peA]ti*Ai)i)Aib.

25.

Cia

ACA

ni^e,

t)ó"

oije,

"no"

ciirbACCAi5e ? 26.

]OtJAT)r)

AOTi*,

UAiJ-le

a3ii|*

cuttjacc

bóib

A|tAOi).

INTERJECTIONSc

21,

O !

sign of the

vocative case

;

O !

'jj

alas

;

ocói)

! alas!

6||*c,

hush; from the

verb

e]Yc,

listen.

'peuc, behold; ecce, from

the veib.

"pAitAoiii,

alas!

(|:ív-a|i

^m,

the

cause

our

rum).

2t)o\)ui\]]t,

woe

the day ! alas

(from

n)Oi

my , ai),

ver}',

sad

;

iia]]i,

hour)

;

my hour of woe.

2lbú

(a war cry),

for

ever; as, 0'í)orTjt)All

Abú, O'Don-

nell

for ever

;

'LAtT)-beA|t5

Abu, the

red

hand for ever.

2lbu

derived

from

a, in

;

and

bu,

living, ever-living ; kindred

to b^c,

life, and derived

from the

verb bub, may

be,

is,

exists-

With this derivation Abu means" for

ever;"

is,

perhaps,

contracted form

buAib,

victory ;

so,

Abu

means, in

victory,

victorious

;

í)orbt;All

Abu, O'Donnell

victorious

2lbu,

Abu, and

Abu, bu,

oh, my ! oh, fie ! oh, life,

life

There

remain

yet to

be explained

in form,

few of

(1)

the general prin-

ciples

syntactical

arrangement, according to

which

words and phrases

Gaelic,

other

languages,

unite in forming sentences

; and

(2)

the

special

principles

from

which

idioms, or peculiarities

of construction

and collocation,

spring.

(1)

The learner

supposed

to know

that

the verb

agrees with its

nomi-

native case

in two

points of relation

(1)

number, and

(2)

person.

(2)

The

agreement of

adjectives with nouns

in Gaelic

has

been pointed

out

in the

forty-fifth lesson.

(3)

Participles,

like those adjectives which

end

vowel,

are indeclinable.

The

relative

pronouns, also, do not

admit declension.