Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

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SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

329

€/i|ie<M)i)A]5

i)<v

AX)\)Y

At}

ceol 3<^o^'^l'<^c^

; A5

^-o

tDAjt a be||i

^•At)

CA^bi&il

ceA&T)A (same chapter)

;

At)T)

AÓbAjb ceo|l

ArbA]r)

5eibitT)

find)

hjCCioU

(the diligence)

At;

C]t;]6

(of this people)

foti^olcA

tT)A|i ho

b-|:u]li&

CAjt At)

u]le

C]t)eAÓ

&'a

b-pACAiT)A|i

cli]*ce

bonje^yti^."

FIFTY-THIRD

LESSON.

OBSERVATIONS

THE IRREGULAR

VERBS.

(3)

The verb

clujt;,

hear.

The

third

in order is

clu]t;,

hear,"

which in

the

for-

mation of its

tenses

is regularly formed

after the

model

the first conjugation; except that

(1),

its

regular perfect,

cluiueAf,"

commonly,

by metathesis, or rather

substi-

tuting I in place of

written and

pronounced

cuaIaj*"

(irregular);

and

(2),

that the

infin.

and part, form is

"clof."

Clu]t;eAf,

the

reg. perf. is not uncommon.

This

verb,

cluit),

may therefore

safely ranked among

the

regular

verbs,

yet

it is here retained to conform to received

notions,

which regard

it as

irregular.

With

the

infin.,

clof,

the

following

terms

the

Keltic

and

foreign

dialects seem to

have

strong

affinity

Noun, cluA|*, ear, that

which has (clo|*)

hearing

;

...

clu, report, fame, reputation

—

what

the

public

hear

of one.

Welsh,

cli/io, hearing.

Greek,

kAucu,

to hear on report.

Latin,

clueo,

to be

talked of,

be reputed.

Irish,

cliicAC,

adj. renowned,

famed.

Greek,

kXvtos

and

k)\.vtíkos,

renowned,

famed.

Latin, inclyins.

EXERCISE XCVIII.

THE TREES

AND THE HATCHET.

C]tA]t)

A5U|'

AT) CUAC.

wood-man

(feA|i-ATT)uib)

came into

a forest

(co]U)

ask the trees to

give him

handle (co|-) for his

axe

(cuas).

330 SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

It was not much he asked, and therefore

the large

trees con-

sented (C115 aoi)cu5a6)

to give

him the humble ash

(fruir)-

feAU,

and

puiu|'eo5).

No sooner had

he fitted the

handle

in the axe than he

began to

fell

(^eAiajtAO)

the

noblest trees

in the wood.

The oak,

witnessing the destruction

(flAfc»)

that was made, said

in a

whisper

(ai3 of

']y]o\) to the cedar

(í*eubA|t),

We lost

ourselves when

gave him

the ash."

(bo

CAilArt^Aji

]*|T)i) p&|r)

'uiiAiJi

cii5An)<\|i 60

atj

fu]r)yeo-^.)

When

the rich surrender the

rights

of the poor, they give

handle

(to

used) against

themselves.

(4)

<t)&Ar). The

verb

b&At),

do/' act,

make, is

in mean-

ing like

the

Latin

facto.

borrows the perfect from the

verb

^]-)]6]rv,

I act;

root,

^v]ow,

n. an act; and also

the

imperfect,

5T;|6ii:)t>,

used

do.

Perfect.

msDCAr,

|t]5t)ATi7A|t.

]ti5i)e

|-e,

3 |ti5i}AbA|i.

The regular

perfect

50)6

enioeAf,

which, with the prefix y\o

incor-

porated,

becomes

iHoHeAr

asp).

In the

modern

spelling

(asp)

is changed

into

t),

for sound's sake. The

infinitive is seAnAo—

old form, beAtjAit).

The

subjunctive

secondary

form of

the

verb after

the particles,

r)^\c,

of,

50,

&eX.\TinAiti) ; as,

bem

r).\c

n&eC\nnAl")

(subjunctive mood), he says that

do not

do; and perf. feeAtirjAr

;

t>c]\\

dac

n&eAnnAió

rtje

Arj

ceA|xc,

says that

(subjunctive perfect)

Í did

not

the-right-thing

(justice).

t^eAi)

is very

likely compounded of

&o and

snjójn).

That

is so,

is seen

plainly

from

the

spelling

the

secondary or subjunctive form

of the

verb,

viz.,|t)for)or)A]tt;

—

o-bfopsriAin),

that I do.

This

form is clearly derived

from

and

5nió|rn

;

béAt),

process

time, assumed the

present

form

from

the older,

sfotjaAinj.

(5)

<t)e]|t.

All

the tenses

bei|t|rt)

are

regular,

except

the

perfect,

bubitAi*

;

the

imperative,

AbAi|t

;

and the

sub-

junctive, Ab|tA]n7.

í)iibitAr=bo bei|ieA|*

(bo,

sign

of the perfect,

benteAf-),

perfect tense,

from the verb

be]]t]n7,

I bear,

brinsr

forth, out,

&c.

2lbAi|i,

say,=A,

an intensitive particle, and be]|i.

2lb|iAiii7,

I say, is

composed ofa, and

beift|rt7.

The infini-

tive is,

jiívó,

to say. The

passive of

AbftAirt?

AbATtcAji;

be]|titi7,

bei|tceA|i

;

perfect,

bubjiAf,

active;

bubjtAÓ,

passive.

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

331

EXERCISE

XCIX.

2lt)

C-^oU|t A5U|* AT)

|*l017t)AC.

THE EAGLE AND THE

FOX.

«Do b]bAit

plAji

A5Uf

powAC A

b-|:A&

Ajrnf

i|te 'i)T)a

tj-beAJ

con}uftfAr)<v

ce]le, Ar)

c-]olAft

a]|i

bivjaji

ctiAlt)

4v]]t&,

A5Ur

AT) ]*|OI)r)AC

5-clA]f

^AO]

T)-A botjl). LíV

A]]a]6e

'l)UAT|l

bo b]

|*ior)ijAc

Art)ii]5 ^ao] 't)

ci|x,

|i]i)De

At)

joIaiii

\or)r)yii]6e

A]]\

a cuile^i)

A3U}*

có|5

le^ce

é,

DeAb

f..\0]l

A be]c

4viib a]*

beAlUc ai)

c-|*iot)i)Ai5.

'MuA1]t CA]t)]C Al)

f]0T)t)AC

b<X]le bo

CH5

X'SO]

'aI)

]0líV|l

b-cAob

Ai) beAjxcA ^eAlcA]5

Ttl3f^^

T*!»

^3"r

}^W

irT)p]6e

Ai) cu]le^t)

uA]ce. 'MuA]|t

coi)t)Ai|ic

t)AC

|XAb AOt)

rpAic

Ai^T) be|C

ai5

béAtjAÓ ]n)p|6e,

fSjob

At)T)

beul

c|to|llfeivr)

b-cej^e

3A]t|t

6|,

A5Uf

bo cu|]a

|:ao]

't)

5-C|tAin,

lAfA]|t A

IjOr) At) C-^olAjt

AT)-eA5lA

fé|1)

A5uf

b'A })-is.l,

A51X]*

cu]|t b' uaIac

AlltC]

AI) CU]le^T) A

b]iilc|ii5

A|]a bivll

Ai^ impjbe,

CAbAntc

ai|i

a^i*.

AI)

c]o|iivr)

fAOji

ó]05AlcAf

i)A

n)upcifte

pAO], A]|t

6eAt)Ai)r) |*é

|*lAb.

Observations

the

Irregular

verbs

—

continued.

(6)

p^^S-

lí^

F^5»

gst,

find,

the

sixth of the irregular

verbs,

the

only tenses not

following

the normal

mode

conjugation

are

(puAjtAf),

the perfect active, and (pua|ia6

;

and

pTilc),

the perfect

passive

;

with

pui5iT)r),

luould

get,

the

conditional.

'^e]h]nj (like 5AbA]rt)),

a verb of

kindred

mean-

ing, signifying

get,

supplies, most

commonly,the

imperfect^

future,

and cojiditional

tenses.

y-^ijt,

was

fo2ind,

although

not much employed

writ-

ten

spoken Irish, is still not

unfrequently read

and

heard.

(7)

peic.

The

Gaelic

verb, signiiying

to see,

to look

at,

is expressed

in Irish

the term pe]c,

see

(vide)

and c]6]n).

In the

imperative

mood the

word Anxxjtc is

ususlly

heard,

and beA]tc;

Gr.,

bepnco,

"peicin)

and

cióin)

are

each

conjugated

regularly.

the perfect,

however,

cor)r)A|tcAf,

saw,

is the

form. This

term,

cooDAjtcAf,

equal to

cot),"

together

(Latin, con),

and

beA|tcA|*.

Cot)t)ACAr,

I saw,

is another

form

nearly

common,

derived

from

cot),

co,

and

e]ceA|-, regularly formed

from

^e^c,

see. The inf.

isirreg.

pe]cni?>

and

by the inter-

332

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

change

c and

—

ife^yciv,

which

sometimes

annexed

for

the sake

of strength,

thus,

^eTf*cir)c.

The perfect

passive

is, strangely

enough,

^acaí*," as well

cprjoAjtcAO.'^

(8)

The

irregular

features

1x15,

reach

;

and of

(9)

cei6,

go, have

been

already

shown

(see

320).

K15

makes

its inf.

iiocca^i)

;

and

cefo,

inf., bo

8ul.

(10)

The

conjugation

of the verb r]'^^rr),

come, should

well

known,

for its

use in Gaelic

very common, being

employed

with the

compound pronoun

liorn,

with me,

leAc,

with

thee,

leif,

with

him,

&c., to express the

English words

can,

could;

as,

'C]5 l]on),

can

—

literally,

it comes

with me.

'C15

leAc,

thou canst.

p13

^^ir»

^'^

^^'^."

^15

le^ce,

she can.

"CAirjic

l^orrj,

was able,Icould

—literally, it

came with

me.

T.]oc]:a]6

Ijoni, I

will

be able

;

conditional,

c]OCfA]ijo;

infin.

ceACC.

VOCABULARY.

(from

po or jroj,

respect, enter-

tainment

;

TjAnjAO,

an enemy,

i.e.,

the

entertainment

given

foe

;

mockery.)

lA]abAl, a tail

;

(from

[An,

aft,

behind,

and

bAll, a member.)

It is pro-

nounced

niAbAl,

transposing

and

respectively.

SoctioióeAcc

(from

roj

happy, and

criojoe,

heart),

light-hearted-

ness, ease of

mind.

2lri)leAr,

misfortune,

ill-luck; from

Alt),

negative

particle, and

leAf,

luck.

21TIAC, help,

power.

liAtiAiijAjl, opinion.

CleAcc,

practise, to experience,

to exercise.

t>ul, a trap,

a snare.

6Ar5AióeAcc,

lightness, fleetness,

smartness,

the fact

of being re-

lieved

of an incumbrance.

i^otjAnjAS,

jeering, gibing, mocking;

EXERCISE

2lt) SlOljtJAC

5At) ]A]tbAl.

i)o

5AbA6

SioT)T)AC

Ai)T)

bul,

A]]i 5]ie]rt)

iA|tbAil

t)oc

^eiv]i|i

leif

'«pivsAjl" 'tm

biAi5

't)a bejc 5AbcA

Ajjt

fAb.

'HiiA]|i

b'é(]tj5

ArpAC y^O] 'xy

c-]*ao5v\1, bo

|:ACAf"

T)-b&Ai)pA|óe

f'otjArbAb

^ao], B'pe^\|t]t

ie]f

h'^y 't)A

e<x|*bA jv\|tbA]l

;

acc ó cajvIa t)ac |iAb

í\|iac a]|v,

biib

n)]AV

\e]y

AT) bAjl

A b'

^ei^itft

cu|t

A]it

ArrjleAf.

U.|rne

y]Vi

CU5"

|-e cui]ieAb

bo i)a

|*ioi)I)a]5

ccacc

b-u]le

a]5

bC\il.

'HuAjiv

b|bAit

U]l6

c]tu|ni5i:e

lAbA]|i leo

t)A

bjtiA-

to^]XA

yo.

M|'l

y]oy

A15

tjeAC

ASA^b

a||v

b\t beo, CAb é

ai}

liVI)

^0-CjlO|ÓeACc'

A5Uf

éA|*5UlbeACCA CA OJITT)

AlJOlf AI|l

5AC

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

333

CAO|.

'Ni

be]6eAÓ

at?

p|Of

yo a5<mi7,

Cjuce,

j)^cc

rnur)A Ar)

cleACcu5A6

]:uAT|t"

rT)é^.

2l5ui*

le^r

^t)

ceA|ic

^iaó,

ca&

é at;

CAi|xbe

aíjo]^

f:é]i)

CvV ATjrj

^AjibAl.

B-p"]^

idajc

ai|i

b]C

fiorjDAC

AUT)?

t^i'l

CjDce:

Tr)ó|i

c-|or)5t;A6 cCv

o\in) 5U|i

5IAC

|*ib leif

^a&a

f*o?

bu]t

leAf

cujt

]tOTT)Alb

b] pOt)T)

Ar)TnO]l

0|tn7 AT)

COT^riAO

ÓéAr)A6

ÓAOjb.

"peicjo,"

CU5"

n)]Ye

fotDpU

bAOjb

—

ó||t

^e<v|t|i

romplA r)A

ceA5A|*5

;

foiUfiJeAT^Tj

at)

stj^ott)

&ei\5-]r)qT)

beifteAf

at)

corbA]|tle.

<t)eAT)Ai6

rr)A|i

f^r),

n)A]i bo

|i15r)e

TTjife.

Ba]T)|ó Ójob t)a ^AjtbAlA

5|tivr)A

|*it)

't; liv j-o

An)AC.

2l|n

AT)

con)Ai|ile ]*o

a"cIo]',"

^'•tA-\r)]c'

|*eAr)cnow<^c

A livcAiji

A5U|* CU5

rt)A|i ro

•pTteA5itAÓ

;

"Sé

TT)0

bA|lAn)A]l,

A 6u|r)e

TT)U1T)CJtI5,

T)AC ArblA^O

béAjl^A

con)Ai|tle

UAjc, bA

Ttj-bA

^e]bi|t

leAC b' ^AjtbAl

fre^t)

ÍV5A1I

A^t

Air."

the

shortest

compass the fullest elucidation

the

irregular as

well

the

regular

verbs

has

been, in

the foregoing Lessons,

presented

to the

reader.

The irregular

verbs

have

been grouped so

to give

to the

ten only

the

same inflection as far as possible.

Few

as the

number of

irregular verbs

is,

they could well be

made

fewer.

Some

verbs in Irish form, it is true, their

infinitive

mood

and

participles

differently from

the regular

mode,

but they

are

not,

on this

account,

irregular.

increase the

amount of irregularities

is the last art that

the

philosophic

grammarian

is ambitious of acquiring. True

etymology reduces

irregularity

making the rules of grammar not exclusive but general."

—

Latham

the

English

Language,

336.

The verb

yt, eeh,

eat

(Latin, ed-o),

changes

into

in the

future

and

conditional tenses.

JtT^'^^j

shall

eat;

pfpA]T)T),

would eat.

The

change

from

phonetic

;

the use of

before it,

found

MSS.,

arises

from

collating the

vowels broad with broad.

VOCABULARY.

leir,

leice,

Ijijij,

lib,

leo);

í^tt-

ouio,

hoist; root,

ivn»,

high;

lionj,

with

me ;

leAc,

with

thee,

&c.

Crane, conn-

Fat,

adj. t^-^njAft, n)eit, noun;

(fat-

ness,)

iDeic,

rul".

Goose,

/. 56

;

Gr.,

(ch and

are

commutable

letters)

; German,

gans ;

Anglo-Saxon,

jros; Latin,

anser,

in.

and/

;

Ger, gamer.

Get

off

(to),

get

away,

hoist one':

Jeopardy,

5'Aó

; AitpriT^

5AÓA,

time

of jeopardy, danger,

commotion,

distress

from

without,

persecu-

tion.

sails,

get out of a place which

Sportsman,

treAn

reil^e,

literally,

dangerous, is

expressed

by the

manofhunting,i-eil5e being

gen.

words

ArisuoAo

Ijonj,

(leAc,

caseofreils-

334

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

EXERCISE

CI.

H<v

5&<n6<v

(pr. gé-oó-a

—

a short),

a5u]*

t)A

co|i]tA.

Liv

iv]|i]6e bo

bibA|i jeAÓ^. A5U|'

co|1]ia

a|5 ^ce

Aijt

Aor)

njACAitie

A5U|-

CA|qc

^nt reil5e

o|t]tA.

b'2liibu]3bA|i

T)<v

co]t|tA leo, ó]|i b|b<N|t

eAbc]^on);

acc t)a

5eA6A

cfiort}

A5Uf

|tArT)A|l 5AbA6 ]Ab.

2lr)t)

A]n)|*]|i

5a6a

fojiuf

bo 'tj

Tr)uii)C]|i

z'<\

5AIJ

rtjejc

5At)

n)AOi?,

íx|t6u5A6 leo.

VOCABULARY.

Allow,

Iei5,

ceA&ui5,

bem

ceAb,

hence,

provender

;

everything

would

not allow,

d) lejSFAó;

dac

that

supports beasts.

beATXpAc

ceAO.

3riAb,

v. to stop, to hinder,

to keep

Cur, cuiUeATj.

Fodder,

iro&ATt,

(Ger.,

fuer;

Dan.,

foeder;

Anglo-Saxon,

fodher

;

Eng.,

fodder;

Latin,

fodrum.)

From

rós,

the sod, earth

;

and

Ay\, ploughing,

springing from

;

all to

one's

self,

to cram.

5nAbAitie,

hinderer

; a

mean fellow

who

keeps all he

can, and

annoys

others.

Manger,

njAt^ttAc,

n)A]T)réATX.

Miserable,

fUAitAc.

EXERCISE

CIL

THE

DOG IN

THE

MANGER.

A dog

made his bed

a manger, and,

lying

the

pro-

vender,

he wouid

not allow the horses

touch any.

See,"

said

one of them,

what

miserable

cur

! that neither

can

eat

himself, nor

will

allow those

eat

it who can."

Never act the

cur through selfishness.

Ma \y\

5|iAbA]jte

beo.

IMPERSONAL VERBS.

According

the

strict meaning of the

term impersonal

there

is, in

GaeUc,

only

one—bAjt

lion?,

methinks; bAji

Xeyx

y^^i

thinks

himself,

in his own

opinion;

bii|t

is,

perhaps,

form of

beijt,

says.

Verbs,

the English,

appears," videtur (Latin), are in as great

variety

Irish as in English.

But

philosophic

writer can admit that

this

class

impersonal,

since

the

pronoun or sentence is,

manifestly, the

subject of

such verbs,

which are,

withal, invariably

found

in the third

person.

Hence,

point of

fact, such verbs

are not impersonal.

DEFECTIVE

VERBS.

These

are

numerous.

For

the

English

"quoth he,"

the

Irish

equivalents

are,

Ajjt

r^,"

and

o|i

^e;

fe;

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

335

^Ab

(he relates). There are others—

-pAió,

resigns,

yields

;

f:]&]|x,

he knows

;

^uIahi

(which is,

very

likely,

from xj^ó,

a thing, and

^rulA^jt, necessary), it

necessary

;

ca|iIa, ?i

happened;

coTtcAjx,

fell

2li|i,"

says,

takes

final,

when

followed

by a

vowel

;

as,

Ainr

<^n

LAOc-ceojl 3|t]n,

says

the warrior bard."

—

Song,

The

Minstrel

Boy

—

Irish

Melodies.

VOCABULARY.

bneAcnui5 (from

bneit),

perceive, I

C^;^e:^c, plunder,

booty;

rryo

cfieac,

judge,

look into, observe.

my ruin, alas !

woe !

EXERCISE cm.

2lt)

]:^AC-!3ub

A5U]* T)A

rt^AbAiO

aUa.

THE

RAVEN

AND THE

WOLVES.

<t)'

Attn

^lAC

Ajjt r)A

TT)Ai)Ai6

aIU

^}0\r)\) b' A

3-c|ie<xc

UACA,

niA|v

5e<\ll

5u|i

TXAb

'i)iM

5-cii]aeACc

A]|t |:eA6

At)

ÍAe, Acc

cu5AbAn'^

at?

p|teA5]tA6

66.

t<l| fir)T)-ne,

Acc

AT)

cfieAc

leAi) cu;

a^ui-

rA||t]r

(moreover)

"6eAi)piv"

cjieAC bp)!)

fé|T)

bA b-cu]cpArr)U]f

(if

should

have

fallen).

A]]t AT)

jiub

^DióeAT"

bu]t)e, acc

ai)

\r)z\\)

le a

5t)lóceA]t

có[|x 6ii]T)i) b|teAci)u5AÓ.

EXERCISE CIV.

THE

TWO

MEN AND THE HATCHET.

There were two

men

(bei|tc)

travelling

lubAl) together

along the

same road,

when

one of them met

with

hatchet,

which he took

up and said,

Behold, what I

have

found."

Do not say

{\r)}X^),

says the other—say

we'

(fi

t)i)-T)e)

have

found.' " After

short

time it happened

that the party

who lost the hatchet came

up and seized

(5Ab) the man who

had

it,

the thief.

Oh," said

he,

we'

are undone."

(r^

nT)T)

CA^ic).

"Do

not

say

we,' say

'I,'"

replied

his

companion,

for

it is

not right

that one

should

have a share

the

danger

(5A6)

without having

had

in the pro-

fits"

(cA]]ibe).

336

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN lEISH.

FIFTY-FOURTH

LESSON

ADVERBS.

adverb

a word that shows

the time, manner,

circumstances

action

; as,

John walks hastily

;

John

walks with

haste

;

with

haste,"

hastily," points out

the manner of John's walking.

The

expression

with haste" is as much an adverb as

that other

ending in

ly,"

according

to Dr.

Priestly,

who

defines

adverbs

(1)

contractions

sentences

;

(2)

clauses

of sentences, serving to denote the manner

and

other

circum-

stances

of an

action."

(1)

the eleventh lesson, page

49,

part

I.,

shown

that

adverbs

Irish

are

formed

from

adjectives, by employing

immediately before

the latter

the

preposition

50,

with (equal to con or cum, Latin),

as, ti'iAó, new;

nuAó,

newly,

de novo. This class corresponds

with

those

denominated

Dr.

Priestly

contractions

sentences."

(2)

There

is another class which are nothing

else

than

clauses

sen-

tences,"

composed of prepositions, nouns, pronouns. It is of

these latter

the

present

Lesson shall treat. They are common to every language

; as,

wherefore, i.e.,

for

which

;

therefore,

i.e.,

for

that

;

quam-ob-rem

(ijatin);

qiiem-ad-modum,

xcilicet (scire-licet)

;

videlicet (videre-licet)

;

pour-qitoi

(French),

ADVERBS.

b-|:Ab, a-far

;

from

;

and

A&, length.

b-pA&

Aj'

xo,

far hence

(in relation

to time

place).

b-^Ab

|iO]ri7e, long

before (in

time or place).

5-cé|t), far

off

(from

in; and

ce^r),

dat. case

C]mj,

remote,

distant,

foreign, tedious),

as to time

;

C|ai)

l]orr)

civ cu

Arnui5,

feel

you are long

absent; as

place

; ]Y

^a&a o'

\<sw

civ

3-cé]i}, one is far

removed

from

the (friendly) hand

that is in

foreign

land

;

C|A1), n

;

plur.,

ciai)ca

;

cic

i)a

ciauca"

coi)i)A]itc

rrje cu, it is

ages

since

I saw you

—

I have

not

seen

you this

age.

5-corbi)uióe,

always,

continuously;

from

a, and corbpuj^e,

abode;

e.,

abidingly.

2ln)AC,

out.

2lrr>u]5,

without,

outside. The

difference

between Att^AC

and

ATr)ii]5

is, that the

one is

connected

with

verb oi

motion

;

as, ce]8 ArnAc,

go out

;

the

other

with a

verb

of rest;

as, c<v

An)u|5,

without,

•

to-morrow.

2lir)Ai|ieAC,

SELF-INSTEUCTION

IN IKISH.

337

A.-]]i T)A rpATjieAC,

to-morrow.

2liti Aif,

back.

21]

AT)

íx6bA|t

TIT),

therefore.

lit

bAll, on the

spot,

presently,

very soon.

2lifi

bjc,

all, in

the

world.

2l||t é]5]Tj,

with difficulty.

EXERCISE CV.

2lr)

^Aolcu

A5uf

AT) cjteu&AiS.

THE WOLF AND

THE SHEPHERD.

i)o

r^<^!5^^6 aUa

AT)t}, a b^ "a

b-^Ab'^

ai3

bjteAi

(watching)

Ai|t

cjteub

cA0]tAi5,

acc

rjíojt

]tiT)r)e

rl^b

(slaugh-

ter) AjTi

bjc

o|t|iA.

T^eAji

Ai) c]té]& A

5-con9r}uj6e"

^AOl

ATb|tA|*

r)AC

Jl<V]b

AT)r) ACC

5AbA^6.

«D'

Al), At)

TT^AbAÓ

TjATTjAbAÓ A

b-pAb

AjmHT^^

(^-

length of time)

'ut)

a 66^5-

corbuftfAii)

jAi) é5có]]t

A]Ti

b]C A ÓeArjAÓ.

Oe^fie"

(at

last) bo

T^AOil

AT)

c|teubA]ó

5uii

cAjtAb cev\T)]-A (gentle)

é,

A5U}*

AiTi

AT)

X\6bAfi

f]T)"

(therefore)

cu]|i

fé,

A15

but

bA]le

—

T)A

CA0iaAi3

fAO]

t)-a cu|tArT).

cu]|'5e

(no

sooner)

f:uv\i|t

f-*v^1ll

(opportunity)

't)a bo ciqc

a^^ t)a

CA0|tAi5

boccA A5u|*

|iTr)T)e

flAb

A5Uf

cjieAC

(spoil) 0|i|tA.

2I15

ce<\cc

bv\]le bo 't)

c|ieAbAi6 coT)T)Ai]tc |*e

at)

c-ivjx

TDÓ|i A

|t]T)T)eA6

-pAb

a'i*

b] -j-e

"atdii|5,"

a5U|'

5^111:

atda-

bivT)

rr)ó|t TT)é

cu]l

Ti)e at) TT)eub

|*o

'T)UA^]t CU5

n)e cu|tArr)

rrjo

CA0|tA]5

b|CeArbT)AC.

TT)eAi*A

CA]tAb peAllcAC 't)A

T)ATT)Ab

toUufAC.

VOCABULARY.

ConjAinc,/. 2 <7ec. protection, favour,

pAm,

». watch,

observe, attend.

patronage

; as,

the Litany,

cuinAnjui»

i-]T)n

peir)

pao]

conjAinc,

put

ourselves under

thy

protection

("we fly to thy

patronage.")

The

word

is spelled

thus,

con)v\TiAic,

in many

places.

is derived

from

cottj,

together,

with

;

and

AtiAc,

aid,

power.

This latter

is itself

from

the

root

ftn.

a plough,

'and

means

(1)

supporting,

defending,

(2)

the

power

support

and

defend

;

AtiAf, a

habitation,

comes

from

T^A]rie

(Jar-ye),

(1)

watching,

watch-

fulness

;

(2)

watch,

hour

the night,

a timepiece,

or watch

;

(3)

the

vigil-hour,

dawn,

pAine

HA TTjAi&oe,"

the

dawn

morn;

lucr

irAine

(people-

of. watching),

watchmen ; cnoc-

pAjne,

watch-hill

—a special

name

applied to

many

hills

through

the country; hence

the

word

rAine

of itself

signifies

(4)

the top

ofa

hill,

height.

"PA^ne"

is the exclamation

addressed

the

same

root.

the peasantry

one in

danger,

338 SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IKISH.

implying "watcb,"

"be on

your

guard,"

take care."

It is a mi-

litary term also, as Dr. Keating

remarks, like that

of Frenchmen,

yardez." One

astonished

Stanihurst's

ignorance and im-

pudent^

glibness, deriving

this

exclamation

of the

Irish

soldiers,

in the

hour of danger,

from

the

term

Pharao, King

of Egypt

—

one instance out

the

countless

calumnies which

ignorance

the

people and

of their

language

have

given

birth to.

EXERCISE CVI.

&ei|i

ScAT)ibii|irc

At)

CA1)

b]b

6i|t]r)r)A]3 A]^

coit|iAC

(contending

in battle), t)0

a]5

biiAUo a

ce]le

"r)-Ab|tAib"

n)A]t corrjAi^ic,

5116

ivfib

Pharo

a^ui*

]*ao]1|8

I-e-f

Ai) (and he

thinks)

5u|i

Ab'

'i)

b-pocAl,

PbA|tAO,

Aftjit)

|ti5

u<v

B5ipce

cleACCAÓ

leo,

Tt7A|t

coxx)<s.\y.c

é;

516

ry\ ^joji

ÓÓ

X}^'y

pTM')

a5U|*

(for it

the

same as)

"]:A]|te,

fAi]te

6,"

A15

|t<\6

le|f

Ar)

]toiT)r>

e^le (the

other

party) a

bejc

ai|i

5-co|ri7&Ab

Arr)A]l

a be^yt

At)

"pitArjcAc

gardez,

gardez,'^ at) cat;

0)6

]*e

cori^uftj-A

Árju

5UA)f

(danger).

ADVEEBS.

2li)t)

A|ce, near, nigh;

Aice,

i.e.,

fA]ce,

nearness;

from

•pocu|*, Welsh,

aí705, near.

1)1)

<xi|ibe,

on high.

2li)<vU

(=0,

Ai),

oil,

see

^p°

below), over,

hither,

this

side; always connected

with

verb of

motion;

as,

cAjift

at)aII,

come

over.

It is

the opposite of

aoot),

to the

other

side

; as,

bul Atjoi)

A5uf

adaU,

going to

that

side,

and to

this

side,

wavering, changing

from side to side.

2luot)

and Ai;ivll

convey necessarily

the idea

of motion.

Whenever

state

rest is

implied,

the

adverbs employed are

hny

(for

b-pojuf),

on this

side

;

caU,

that

side

;

as,

c<\

ye a

buf,

is on

this

side (not

ai)aII)

;

civ

caU,

he is

the

op-

posite side (not

adoi}).

buf A5uf

caU, here

there,

hie, illic;

on this

side

and

that (when

state of rest is implied).

2li}0i) A5ar

At)AU,

hither, thither, hue, illue

;

to this side

and to that

(when the idea of motion to

a place is

conveyed).

55^

2lnon

(1)

written

also

ArjoU

in many

instances.

this account,an(/

because it is in meaning

antithetic

aijaU, which

ends in

its

derivation

appears to be

from

the

preposition

oil,

abov.', superior, yonder,

higher

; and

AT), the; Ation, i.e.,

AnoU^^ATj,

the,

oil, higher, yonder (cAob,

side,

leic,

half, being understood)

;

(2)

;^oaU,

hither, to this

side, is a

contraction for