Bourke Ulick J. Aryan Origin of the Gaelic Race and Language

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11.0

HARMONY

FACTS.

lenic,

and was

styled,

still later

period, Greek,

lloman historians and

modern

writers.

This

knowledge

of the

Hellenic

colony

derived from the

light

compa-

rative

philology,

is,

certain

sense,

priori.

The

pri-

mitive

mother land

and

her

peoples

are first

discovered,

and

then with

the

light

the

knowledge

thus

obtained,

shedding

its

rays

steadily

from a

settled

centre,

the dif-

ferent

routes

eastward and

westwOrd

become

well-trackei

and

elearly

defined.

There

onward on

the

highway

another

lamp

receiving

its oil from

the

facts of

history

as far as the

events before and

immediately

after the

times of Homer

are certain.

addition,

third

light

gleams,

beaconing

podtriori.

comes from

aesthetical

science

and

exegetical analysis.

All

combine in

pointing

to the same

objective

reality,

and their

harmony

this

respect

leads

to that

certainty

wjiich

truth

alone

presents.

The

harmonious

adaptation

of the

re-adjusted frag-

ments of a

rich

vase,

producing

their

union

the

fulness

and

grace

of the

original

unbroken

figure,

is a

sign

and a

proof

that the

portions

thus

coalescing,

are

not

foreign

the elements of the

original

vessel

as it

came

from the

artist's hands

;

so it is when isolated

fragments

history

coalesce, and are in

harmony

with

what

science

teaches.

First

amongst

the foremost

of the

best

writers in

modern

times is John Stuart

Blackie,

Professor of

Greek

the

University

Edinburgh.

From

his

Homeric

disserta-

tions" Vol.

(p.p.

80-113)

shows

clearly

that

(1)

such

poet

as Homer

existed

(2)

that

was

native

the coast

of Asia

Minor,

between

the

Propontis

and

the

Hermus,

occupied

JEolian and Ionian

settlers

from

Greece

;

(3)

that

followed,

the

profession

of a

wander-

ing

minstrel

;

(4)

that

the

different

cities on

the

coast of

Asia

Smyrna,

Chios,

Cumse,

Colophon,

&c.,

mentioned

the

biographies,

if not

the

actual scene of

the

actions

HOMER

111

which

they

are

attached

the

legends,

were

certainly

the

principal

stage

which

acted,

and the

atmosphere

which

breathed;

(5)

that he

lived about 850

B.C.

And

first,

as to the colonies from

Greece

Asia

Minor,

and

the date

the

poet's

bi;th.

Herodotus

states

that the

poet

lived

about four

hun-

dred

years

before his

own time

that

is,

round

num-

bers,

850B.C.

(1)

The Roman writers

place

the

poet

about a

century

and a-half before

the

foundation

of Rome

;

and

(continues

the learned Professor

Blackie)

take

our

previous high

road of

the

of the

Spartan

Kings,

the

help

of which

got

the

year

1100

B.C.

for the

Trojan

war,

and

allow after

this,

according

to the

general

tradition

the

Greeks,

some

fifty

sixty

years

for the jiEolic

and Ionic

migrations,

with

which the

legends

the

old

Greek

families

came into Asia

Minor

;

and,

further,

add

this another

half

century,

give

the colonies

time to

settle,

and to

obtain

that

measure

outward

pros}

erity

which

necessary

for

the

growth

the

highest

poetry,

we shall have

reached

the

year

900,

when

the

wicked Achab and the

Phenician

Jezebel

were

misruling

Israel,

which

tallies with the

date

Herodotus,

take

for the

period

of the

poet's

full

and

perfect

manhood,

and the

zenith of his

poetic

powers.

(2)

Homer is

real

character

....

people,

individual,

may forget

its

great

benefactor.

But

the

fact is

otherwise. The

Greeks

did

not

forget

Homer.

was as

living

their

memory,

through

their

whole

history,

as the

person

Robert Burns is in

the

heart

every

true

?cot

;

he has

been

living

fact

the

intellectual

consciousness

the

cultivated world

everywhere,

except

in a

certain

academical

atmosphere

Germany,

and

some

Eiig}isl-th?ads

which

have

received

the

taint of

mifstry

112

REAL

CHARACTER.

negation

from

that

quarter.

Beyond

this

region,

there

doubt

of the

existence

of a

great poet

who

wrote

great

poem

called

the

Iliad,

than there

of Alexander

the

Great,

who

Hellenized the

East,

or the

great

Julius

who

Eomanized the

West. The

belief

the

personality

Homer,

which Mr.

Grote

denies,

rests

directly

and na-

turally

on the

double

fact that

there

exists a

great poem

which demands the

existence

great

author,

and

that

this

authorship

has been

constantly

recognised

the

Greek

people,

the

person

Homer.

There are

less than

nine

Homeric

biographies.

They

resolve

into

two

principal

varieties,

the one of

which

makes Homer

^Eolian

Greek

the

other,

Io;iian.

(3)

Saven cities contsnl for

the

birth

of Ho-nor-

Smyrna,

Salamis, los, andRhodus,

Colophon,

Argos,

and

Athens.

Now,

we can

happily

not

have the

slightest

difficulty,

says

Blackie,

deciding

in favor of the first

claimant

the list

that

Smyrna.

According

all the

rules of

evidence,

as understood

and acted on

the courts

law,

the claim of

Smyrna,

when

contravened

that of Cumae and

los,

must

held

valid.

Proof

From internal

evidence.

(1)

In Homer

the

strong tempestuous

winds

always

blow

between

west

and north from

Thrace,

perfectly

just

This

clearly

indicates

minstrel

whose

habitual

residence

was

the

coast

of Asia

Minor,

about

Smyrna,

precisely

wheio

tradition

places

the author

the

Iliad.

(2)

The

dialect

of the Hellenic

tongue,

used

the

author

the

Iliad and

Odyssey,

precisely

such an

ad-

mixture

Ionic

and

yEolian

Greek,

poet living

in a

country

mixed ^!Eolic

and

Ionian

population

wjuld

THOUSAND YEARS BEFORE

HIS TIME.

113

naturally

use.

Dissertation

III.

Professor

Blackie.

Summarised

from

113.

Homer

and the

Iliad.

Edinburgh,

Edmonston,

and

Douglas,

1866.

thousand

years

the

days

Homer,

and

before

the

Greek was matured

southern

Europe

and

the coast

Ionia,

the

second

sprout

of the

Greco-Italo-Keltic

branch was

planted

the

Italian

peninsula,

and

there,

like the

grain

of mustard-

seed,

grew

into

large

tree,

the

branches

which

ulti-

mately

filled the whole earth. The

Keltic branch took

root for

time

Northern

Italy.

It bore

fruit,

and,

the

oak,

scattered its seed to the west

Iberia or

Spain,

the north-west

in Keltic

Gaul,

along

the banks

of the

Garonne,

the

Loire,

and

the

Seine.

The

best

part

was wafted to our

noble

island,"

Inis

Alga,

where it

sprung up

and formed the

luxuriant

tree of Irish

Gaelic,

which

this

very

day

presents

all the features

that

mark

the

primaeval speech

the

Aryan

race and

country.

The views

just

put

before the reader

are confirmed

the

opinions

and

arguments

of savants

famed

throughout

Europe

for

their

knowledge

philology

and

ethnology<

The

extent of the

Latin coast from the mouth

the

Tiber

Circeii

about

fifty

miles;

the breadth

of Latium from

the

coast

the

Sabine hills is

estimated

at about

thirty

miles

most. Within this area

before the dawn of

history,

many

Latin

cities flourished in

than one

confederation;

and

we are

accustomed to

think

them

as of a

pure

race,

yet

there

reason

to believe

that

many

mixtures

population

had

already

occurred.

Two

nations

are mentioned as

dwelling

in the

earliest times

the

north

and

south of

Latium the

Umbrians

and the

Oscans.

The

Umbrians

were

regarded by

the Romans as

truly

primaeval

Italian

race,

who at one time held

possessiou

of all

Lombardy

and

Tuscany, reaching

perhaps

into

Latiura.

114

UMBBIAN AND

OSCAN.

The Oscans under

various

names,

Volseians,

Ausones,

(Greek

Aurunes),

Ausonians,

Auruncans

appear

principal

people

of South

Italy.

The

language

of all

these seems to

have

been

called Oscan.

The

Oscan and

the

Umbrian were

sister-tongues.

The Oscan

has

often

final in

substantives

where the

Latin

has

;

begins

its

interrogatives

with

"p"

instead of

qu,"

c." Oscan

sides

with

Greek and

Welsh in

this

respect

;

Umbrian

with Latin

and

Gaelic.

The Sabine

race were a

branch

of the

Umbrians.

Regal

Rome

(substance

pp.

2-3-4)

Francis W.

Newman.

London :

Taylor,

Walton,

Maberly.

1852

In addition

the

Umbrian, Oscan,

Sabine,

and sea-borne

population,

nation

called

Siculians came

in. This

people

had

spread

along

the

eastern

coast of

Italy

from north to

south. One

branch

only

them

crossed the

Apennines

and

settled

Latium,

who

seem

have been the

true

progenitors

of those

known to

as the

Latin

Nation.

Another

portion

this

people

the Siculian

had

been,

Thucydides

testifies,

driven

the Oscans

into

Sicily

;

and

they

gave

that

island

the

name

keeps

this

day.

The

whole

language

of this

people

was

fundamentally

Latin. The

tongue

of Latium

itself

received

further

changes

from

new

immigrants.

The Siculians

were

conquered by

another

people

who seem to

have descended

from

the

Apennines.

Who

they

were is

uncertain. After

that

immigration

distinction

was

drawn

between

the

ancient

Latins

(Prisci

Latini),

and

the

other

Latins,

the

Latins

who

adhered

to Alba

Longa

their

leader.

Though

there exists

very

great

mixture

the ultimate

Latin

language,

it is

plain

that the Siculian

element

was

the

largest

in its com-

position." (Pp.

10, 11,

12, 13,

condensed.)

Again,

one

quotation

more from

pp.

16,

17,

That

the

old

Latins

were

at least

a double

people

implied

every

ancient

account;

and

might

reasonable to think

that

large

masses

of words were taken

into the

same

tongue

whatever

it was

primatively

from

Siculians,

Umbrians,

Os-

cans,

Sabines,

Greeks,

Etruscans.

So much

priori.

But

actually

comparing

the

Latin

vocabulary

with that

Greeks,

Germans,

and

Kelts,

a far

closer

similarity

the

Keltic shows

itself.

This

comparison

suffices to

establish that at least one

the

stocks

population

out

of which the

mixed Roman

people

was

made

spoke

tongue

so much

akin to Welsh

and

Gaelic

that

are

justified

extending

the

term Keltic

ALL THAT IS CERTAIN.

115

embrace this Italian

tribe.

The

only point

left

uncertain

is whether

the

oldest

Latin

itself or

only

some

its

affluents,

say

the

Siculian

was

the

Keltic influence.

proves

that

the

Sabines used a

vocabulary

which was akin to the

Gaelic.

And the

argument appears

to be

unassailable

except

ad-

mitting

relation so close

between

the

oldest Latin and

the

Keltic,

as to

imply

a recent

divergency

from a

common

stock.'*

It is certain

that there

was a

primaeval

speech,

called

present by

scholars

the

Aryan tongue

;

that it

was

once

spoken by

the

people

who

lived

the

high

table

lands

of Armenia

and Iran

;

that

was carried to

Europe

the

inhabitants who

emigrated

from the

land

now

ruled

the

Shah,

that

Greek,

Latin,

Keltic

Irish,

Slavonic or

Bulgarian,

Lithuanian,

Gothic,

German,

are

dialects

of that common

pre-historic

speech.

Listen

the

words

Adolphe

Pictet,

Geneva,

ex-

pressed

in his famous

woi-k

Les

Origines

Indo-Euro-

peennes,

ou les

Aryas

Primitifs.

(p. 2).

Paris,

1859

une

epoque

auterieure

a tout

temoignage

historique,

qui

derobe dans la

nuit des

temps,

une

race

destinee

par

Providence a

dominer

jour

sur

globe

entier

grandissait

peu

pcu

dans

berceau

primitif,

elle

preludait

son bril-

lant

avenir.

.......

Tout en croissant

ainsi

joyeusement

norabre

et in

pros-

pe>it6,

cette

race feoonde

travailla & se

creer,

comme

puissant

moyen

developement,

une

langue

admirable

par

richesse,

vigueur,

son

hai'monie

perfection

ses

formes

;

une

langue

ou venaient

refleter

spontanement

touts

ses

impres-

sions,

ses

affections deuces

ses admirations

naives,

mais

aussi

ses elans vers

un monde

superieur,

une

langue

pleine

d'images

et d'idees

intuitives, portant

germe

toutes

les

richesses

futures

d'une

raagnifique

expansion

poe'sie

plus

elevee,

comme

pensee

plus profonde.

D'abord

une

homo-

gene

cette

langue,

servit

d'organe

cornmun

a ce

peuple primi-

tif

tout

qu'il

depassa pas

les

limites de

son

pays

natal."

period

every

historic

developement,

and

one which is

lost

to view

in the

night

the

remote

past,

race

destined

Providence

be,

at a

coming

day,

rulers

116

KELTIC IS

ARYAN.

over the entire

globe,

were

gradually

growing

great

their

ancient

cradle,

where

during

their

infancy

they gave

indica-

tions

a brilliant

future"

coming

thus with a

happy

growth

matured

fulness

not in

prosperity

alone,

but in

numbers,

this

vigorous

race

sought

secure for

themselves,

as a

potent

agent

for

the

process

development,

language

admirable for its

richness,

its

vigour,

its

harmony,

and

the

perfection

of its forms

lan-

guage

which was

likely

foreshadow in

its own

features na-

turally

and without

effort,

not alone all

the

impressions

af-

fecting

;

its nice

shades

of form and

thought

;

its natural

expressions

admiration,

but

also

its

tendency upwards

towards

sphere

higher

still

;

language

full of

images

and

of ideas

precise,

and

perceived

at a

glance

;

language

bear-

ing

in its infant state

all

the future

wealth

which was to

developed by

maguificent practical expansion,

the

region,

poetry

the most

elevated,

as well as

thought

the

most

profound.

This

language,

at first one and of

the

same

stock,

served

the common

medium

inter-communication

among

the

people

this

primitive

race,

long

they

did not

ex-

tend

beyond

the limits

of their native

country.

Monsieur Pictet

for

good

reasons

styles

this

primitive

race

Aryan,

and calls

the

language they spoke

the

Aryan

tongue.

says

that in

course of time

they

spread

from

Armenia

eastward

India,

and

westward

to the

extreme limits of

Europe,

and that

they

formed

one

long

chain of

parent peoples,

one

blood and in

kin,

yet

longer recognising

each other

brothers

faut done bien se contenter

partir

du fait

incontestable

de cette

dispersion

deja

accomplie plus

de deux

mille

ana

avant

notre ere

car

cette

epoque,

race

que

nous

appe-

lerons

Arienne

etendait

ses

rameaux

depuis

Inde

jasqu'

aux

limites

extremes

1'Europe

1'occideut,

formait d'

bout

1'autre,

comme

une

lougue

chaine

peuples

sortis

d'un

meme

sang,

inais

ne se reconnaisant

plus

comme

freres."

The

name

Aryan

has

now

been

accepted

modern

philosophers

Europe,

as well

as in

America and in

the

East.

Keltic

Aryan.

"The

Keltic,"

says

Geddes,(p.

7,)

PROOFS.

117

now

duly

installed

in what

may

called

the

Hierarcy

Aryan

tongues.

Pritchard established

the

affinity

;

Pictet

has

done much in the

same direction

;

but the

work

has

been

fully

performed

four Germans

Bopp,

Zeuss,

Ebel,

and

Schleicher."

The

root of this remarkable

term

aria,"

which has

been

preserved

in the two

sister-languages,

the

Sanscrit

and

the Zend

ar"

and

re."

que

veux

re-

marquer

encore,"

says

this clever

scholar,

c'est

qn'

sort un

synonyme

Arya,

Sanscrit

arta,

Zend,

areta,

vn>5re,

illustre,

anquel

Burnouf

rattache

1'ancien

nom

de Perses

Artaioi."

Les

Ossetes du

Caucase,

est

vrai,

s'appellent

eux-momes Iron du nom

de leur

pays

Ir.

Further the root

ar,"

and

er,"

and

her,"

has

been

found in

many

Keltic and

German

names

throughout

Europe.

But

in the

ancient

name of

Ireland

Pictet

finds

the

cleverest clue to the

connexion

between

Sanskrit

and

Irish between the

extreme

territories

India and

lernj

Une

analogie

mieux

fondee

tous

egards

dans

celui

dea

Celto-Gaels

1'Irlande

lequel

Er ou

Eri

(pp.

29, 30,

31).

Cecij

toute

fois,

re^terait a

1'etat de

simple

hypothese

ce nom

avait

pas,

en Irlandais

meme,

sens

tout

seniblable a

celui

Arya.

so trouve en

effefc,

que

comme

adjectif,

signifte

noble,

bon,

grand;

comme

substantif,

guerrier,

herds.

plus,

racine Sanscrite

ar est

restee

vivante en

Irlandais avec

sens de

colere

(Latin)

honorare

;

car, air-im,

orr-im, air-igim,

signifie

soiguer, garder, servir,

honorer

;

lea

derives

aire

soin,

attention noblesse

;

aireach

soigneux,

attentif,

noble, riche,

celebre

;

hommc

noble,

chef,

gardien,

&c.,

rattachent de

pres

aux

acceptions

diverses

arya,

ariaka.

adjectif

arta,

zend

areta,

ereta,

illustre,

venere,

retrouve

meme

dans

1'Irlaudais

aireadha,

excellent

fameux,

art,

noble

magnanime,

&c. Ces coincidences

multiplies

laissent

peu

doute sur

I'affinit^ reelle

primitive

Er,

aveo

Arya.

118

THE

PENTATEUCH.

This

argument

Monsieur

Pictet

very

clear,

con-

nected, and,

seems,

valid.

He shows

plainly

the

con-

nection

between Sanscrit

in the

far

East,

and

Irish

the far

West

of the Old

World.

They

are

only

sister

languages,

which

the

youthful

period

of the rise

the

human

family

had turned their face

opposite

re-

gions

of the

globe

one,

Lot,

taking

for its abode

the

country

the East

;

and

the

other,

Abraham,

settling

down

the West.

Comparative philology

plainly

points

to the truth told

the

inspired

author of

the

Pentateuch

that

there

was

one

parent

race

of all

mankind,

and

that

they

made

use

only

one

original tongue.

In the work

lately published

on the manners and

customs

of the

ancient

Irish,"

K. Sullivan writes

Vol.

I.,

IV.,

as follows

It is now

recognised

fact

science,

that from the

Indus

the

Atlantic

Ocean,

and

thence across the Ame-

rican

continent

to the shores

of the

Pacific,

the

descend-

ants

of one

primitive,

blue-eyed,

fair-haired

race,

divided

into

several

branches,

and

speaking

dialects

of what

was

once a common

language,

held

sway.

To determine

the

common

elements

in the

languages, mythologies,

legends,

laws,

and customs

of the several

branches

of this

great

Aryan

race,

and

thence

inductively

rehabilitate the

pri-

mitive

parent

race,

whence

they

issued,

is one

of the

most

interesting

and

important

problems

of historical

science.

The

Irish

race,

confessed,

had

been the

earliest

emigrants

from

the land

Iran,

and had

led

the

van in

the

great

army

which

came westward

people

Europe.

Ce fait

que

nom des

Aryas,

plus

ancien

sans

contredit

des

branches

orientales

de la

faraille,

se retrouve

aussi

chez

peuple

(the

Irish)

qui

en forme

limite extreme

Occident

fait

qui

semble

etabli avec

toute

evidence

qui comper-

tent de semblables

rescherch.es,

est

une

forte

raison de

croire,

GAELIC VERY LIKE

LATIN. 119

que

nom a

ete

celui de la race

dans son unite

primitive.

Des

indices

plus

d' un

genre,

tires,

soit des

lango.es,

soit des

donnees

geographiques,

tendent a

montrer

que

les

Celtes,

et en

particulier

le raraeau

Oaelique,

ontet6 les

premiers Emigrants

vers

les

contre'es lointaines

Europe.

Cela

peut

expliquer

comment

seals

ils auraient

emporte

avec

eux

1'antique

denomination

race,

que

d'autres

peut-etre

avaint

dejd

perdue

avant

quitter

1'Asie."

Pictet, p.

33.

Nor

fact,

of all the

Indo-European

tongues

has

any

near a likeness to the Latin as the

Gaelic

has."

Keltic

words

were

not

introduced into

Welsh

the Roman

conquest

Britain,

for in

large

number

of instances

the

words

are members

of families in

Welsh

(and

Irish),

and are

nearly

isolated

Latin."

Again "Many

Latin words retain

only

secondary

meanings

where

the

primary

ones are manifest

in the

Keltic. Thus

monile,'

necklace,

is from

Gaelic

muineal,'

necklace;

incolumis,'

from

'in,'

not,

and

caill,'

loss

(Irish)."

Regal

Rome, Newman, pp.

19-25.

On this account the

language

of Eire

should,

as a

phi-

lological

medium in

arriving

at this

truth

history,

language,

race,

so much

accord with the truth of

revelation,

studied.

The

ancient

language,"

say

Professor

Sullivan,

the

laws and

traditions of

Ireland,

are,

truth,

among

the

most

valuable,

nay, indispensable

materials for

the solu-

tion

the

problem

above

stated."

The

Romans,

Kelts,

and

Germans have so

com-

mingled

on the

continent of

Europe

and in

Britain that

is almost

impossible

say

what is

peculiar

each,

and

what borrowed

The

only

branch of the

Keltic race

not

directly

contact with

this

highly

de-

veloped political

organization

was the Irish.

For-

tunately,

possess

in the

remains of

the

Irish

language,

poetry,

laws,

&c,

such a

mine,

and

fulness

too,

greater

than

is to

found

the other branches of the

Aryan

race,

except

the

Sanskrit,

Greek,

and

Latin."

Manners

and

Customs

the

Ancient

Irish,

Vol.

quite

plain,

therefore,

from

all that

has been

shewn,

that

for

all

lovers

philological

research,