Bird J. Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology
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980 Index
L–R–C
series circuit, 432, 491,
910
L-section attenuator, 779
Luminous intensity, 3
Lumped loading, 884
Magnetically coupled circuits, 841
Magnetic effect of electric current,
20
field, 74, 89, 688
strength, 77, 689
due to electric current, 89
flux, 75, 688
density, 75, 688
force, 74
moment, 690
properties of materials, 690
screens, 80
space constant, 77, 689
Magnetising component, 319
force, 77, 689
Magnetization curves, 77, 689
Magnetomotive force, 76, 688
Magnification factor, 497
Majority carriers, 139, 141
Matched network, 772
Matching transformer, 334, 623
Maximum power transfer
theorems, d.c., 187
a.c., 617
Maximum value, 195
Maxwell bridge, 130, 479
–Wien bridge, 481
Maxwell’s theorem, 546
Mean value, 196
of complex wave, 648
Measurement errors, 131
of power in three phase
systems, 306
‘m derived’ filter, 825
Mega-, 4, 14
Megger, 118
Mercury cell, 37
Mesh-connection, 298, 603
-current analysis, 545
Mica capacitor, 69
Micro-, 4, 14
Microelectronic systems, 671
Milli-, 4, 14
Minor, 534
Minority carriers, 140, 141
Mismatched load, 885
Modulus, 421
Mole, 3
Moore’s circle technique, 722
Motor, 20, 96, 350, 364
compound, 372
cooling, 381
d.c., principle of operation, 94
speed control, 377
starter, 376
Moving coil instrument, principle
of, 97, 114
rectifier instrument, 114
Moving iron instrument, 113, 114
Multimeter, 13, 118
Multiples, 4, 14, 972
Multiplier, 116
Mutual inductance, 104, 108, 842
Nano-, 4
Natural frequency, 519
Negative feedback, 280
Nepers, 761
Network analysis, 531
Neutral point, 298
Neutron, 11
Newton, 4
Nickel–iron alloys, 705
Nodal analysis, 550
Node, 550, 892
Nominal impedance, 799, 809
Non-linear device, 14
scale, 113
Nonpermanent magnetic materials,
704
Norton and Th
´
evenin equivalent
networks, 184, 593
Norton’s theorem, 181, 587
n–p–n tra
nsistor, 147
n–type material, 138
Nucleus, 11
Null method of measurement, 129
Odd functions, 683
Ohm, 6, 13
Ohmic values, 973
Ohmmeter, 13, 117
Ohm’s law, 14
Operational amplifiers, 278
Index 981
inverting amplifier, 282
non-inverting amplifier, 285
parameters, 280
summing amplifier, 286, 291
transfer characteristics, 279
voltage comparator, 288, 293
voltage follower, 286
Overdamped circuit, 911, 947
Over-compounded machine, 361
Owen bridge, 130, 481
Paper capacitor, 69
Parallel networks, 45, 238, 448
plate capacitor, 61, 711
resonance, 247, 515
Paramagnetism, 690
Partial fractions, 923
Passbands, 790
Peak factor, 196
-to-peak value, 195
value, 121, 195
Period, 194, 631
Periodic function, 631
time, 121, 194, 201
Permanent magnet, 74
magnetic materials, 706
Permeability, absolute, 77, 689
of free space, 77, 689
relative, 77, 689
Permeance, 689
Permittivity, absolute, 59
of free space, 59, 78
relative, 59, 711
Phase delay, 871, 872
shift coefficient, 816, 874, 883
Phasor, 200
Pico-, 4
-attenuator, 759, 767
-connection, 603
Plastic capacitors, 70
p–n junction, 139
p–n–p tra
nsistor, 147
Polar form of complex number,
421
Polarization, 32, 33, 711
Poles, 352
Potential difference, 6, 13
divider, 44
gradient, 57
Potentiometer, 130
Power, 5
associated with complex waves,
650
factor, 232, 238, 464, 652, 716
improvement, 252, 470
gain, 157
in a.c. circuits, 230, 459
in three phase systems, 303
loss, 717
triangle, 232, 464
Prefixes, 914
Primary cell, 20, 36
constants, 871
Principal node, 550
Product-arm bridge, 478
Propagation coefficient, 815, 877
constant, 816, 874
Protons, 11
Prototype filter, 803, 811
p-type material, 138
Q-factor, 227, 249, 495, 519
in parallel, 520
in series, 502
Quantity of electric charge, 12
Rating of a machine, 464
transformer, 317
Ratio-arm bridge, 478
R–C parallel network 240
series circuit 220, 431, 901
Reactive power, 232, 238, 464,
466
Real number, 415
Rectangular complex number, 415
Rectification, 143, 208
Rectifier, 143, 666
Reference level, 126
Reflected impedance, 852
wave, 885
Reflection coefficient, 887
Regulation of a transformer, 329
Rejector circuit, 249
Relative permeability, 77, 689
permittivity, 59, 711
Relay, 20, 92
Reluctance, 80, 689
Remanence, 84, 692
Repulsion type of m.i. instrument,
113
982 Index
Residual flux density, 84
Resistance, 6, 13, 23, 870
internal, 34
matching, 334
variation, 3
Resistivity, 23
Resistor colour coding, 973
Resonance, by tuning capacitors,
854
due to harmonics, 664
parallel, 247, 515
series, 222, 225, 491
Reverse bias, 140, 145
characteristics, 140, 142
R–L–C circuit using Laplace
transforms
R–L–C
series circuit, 221, 432
R–L parallel network, 238
series circuit, 215, 430, 906
R.m.s. value, 121, 196
complex wave, 645
Roots of auxiliary equation, 912
s-domain, 931
Kirchhoff’s laws, 932
Saturation flux density, 84, 692
Schering bridge, 131, 483, 487
Screw rule, 90
Secondary cell, 20, 37
line constants, 874
Selective resonance, 664
Selectivity, 229, 230, 506
Self-excited generator, 356
Semiconductor diodes, 137, 140
Semiconductors, 137
Separately-excited generator, 356
Separation of hysteresis and eddy
current losses, 701
Series circuit, 42
a.c., 213, 429
Series magnetic circuit, 81
resonance, 222, 225, 491
winding, 353
wound motor, 371, 378
generator, 360
Shells, 11
Short-shunt compound motor, 373
Shunt, 115
field regulator, 377
winding, 353
wound generator, 358
motor, 368, 377
Siemens, 7, 444
Silicon, 138
Silicon-iron alloys, 705
Simple cell, 32
Simultaneous equations using
determinants, 532
Single-phase parallel a.c. network,
238
series a.c. circuit, 213
supply, 297
Sine wave, 194, 201
general equation, 200
S.I. units, 3
Skin effect, 741
Slew rate, 282
Slip, 391
Soldering iron, 20
Solenoid, 90
Speed control of d.c. motors, 377
Squirrel-cage rotor, 390
Standing wave, 890
ratio, 894
Star connection, 298, 603
-delta transformation, 611
Star point, 298
Stator, 352
Steady state, 260, 901
Steinmetz index, 694
Step input,
L–R–C circuit, 910
R–C circuit, 901
R–L circuit, 906
Stopbands, 790
Streamline, 721
Sub-multiples, 14, 914
Summing amplifier, 286, 291
point, 287
Superposition theorem, 171, 562
Susceptance, 444
Symmetrical -attenuator, 759,
767
T-attenuator, 759, 764
Synchronous speed, 387, 388
Tangent method, 261
T-attenuator, 759, 764
-connection, 603
Telephone receiver, 20, 90
Index 983
Temperature coefficient of
resistance, 26
Tesla, 75, 688
Thermal effects of dielectrics, 714
runaway, 158
Thermodynamic temperature, 3
Th
´
evenin’s theorem, 176, 575
Th
´
evinin and Norton equivalent
networks, 184, 593
Three-phase induction motors, 386
construction, 390
copper loss, 395
double cage, 405
impedance and current, 394
losses and efficiency, 395
principle of operation, 390
production of rotating magnetic
field, 387
rotor e.m.f. and frequency, 393
starting, 403
torque equation, 397
-speed characteristics, 401
uses, 405
Three-phase systems, 297
advantages of, 312
power, 303
Three-phase transformers, 340
Thyristor, 669
Time constant, C–R circuit, 260,
905
L–R circuit, 269
Time delay, 822
Titanium oxide capacitor, 70
Torque of a d.c. machine, 365
Torque-speed characteristic of
induction motor, 401
Transfer characteristics, 279
Transformation ratio, 316
Transformer, 20, 108, 315
a.f., 325
auto, 337
cooling, 326
construction, 325
current, 342
e.m.f. equation, 320
equivalent circuit, 326
isolating, 340
losses and efficiency, 330
maximum efficiency, 333
no-load phasor diagram, 319
on-load phasor diagram, 324
power, 325
principle of operation, 316
regulation, 329
r.f., 326
three-phase, 340
voltage, 343
windings, 326
Transient curves, C–R, 260, 261,
901
L-R, 268, 269, 906
Transients, 259, 901
Transistor, 145, 667
action, 147, 148
amplifier, 152
characteristics, 150
connections, 149
symbols, 149
Transit time, 823
Transmission lines, 869
current and voltage
relationships, 873
distortion, 882
primary constants, 869
secondary constants, 874
standing waves, 890
wave reflection, 887
Trapezoidal rule, 679
Travelling wave, 870
True power, 232, 238, 464
Two port networks, 758
in cascade, 782
Under compounded machine,
361
Underdamped circuit, 911, 947
Unit of electricity, 18
Units, 3, 8
S.I., 3
Universal bridge, 131
Instrument, 118
Vacuum, 59
Valves, 667
Variable air capacitor, 69
Velocity of propagation, 872, 883
Virtual earth, 282
Volt, 6, 13
Voltage, 12, 13
comparator, 288, 293
984 Index
Voltage (cont.)
-follower op amp, 286
gain, 156
magnification at resonance,
227, 498
transformer, 343
triangle, 216, 220
Voltmeter, 13, 115
Water heater, 20
Watt, 5, 16
Wattmeter, 118
Waveform analyser, 633
considerations, 683
harmonics 124, 631
Waveforms, 194
combination of, 204
Wavelength, 872
Wave reflection, 885
winding, 352, 353
Weber, 75
Weight, 4
Wheatstone bridge, 129, 179
Wien bridge, 131, 484,
487
Work, 5
Wound rotor, 390
Yoke, 352
Zener diode, 143
effect 143