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ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ Ⱥ) ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɞɨ-

ɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ;

2) ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɦ ɜɢɞ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ

ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟ-

ɦɚɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ

801595

ɚɫɬ

 ' HH

ɦ.

0ɩ

2ɩ

3ɩ

7ɩ

6ɩ

4ɩ

5ɩ

)

100

ɫɬ

)

¨H

Ɋɢɫ. 5.11. ɋɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɞɜɭɯɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɷɬɭ ɩɨɬɟɪɸ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɨɜɧɭ ɦɟɠ-

ɞɭ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɢ

ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ

= 40 ɦ, ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɨɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬ-

ɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ

ɩɨ

105 ɦ, 10 ɦ.HH

ɉɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɟɬɢ 3 ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸ-

ɳɟɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ

402540105

ɩ3

 H

ɦ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɧɚ-

ɩɨɪɟ ɧɟɜɫɤɢɩɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ

= 150

ɋ;

3) ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ

ɜɜɨɞɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɨɪ

ǻɇ

= 15 ɦ, ɬɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ

ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ 0-1-2-4-6.

Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ

60

= 1900 ɦ;

4) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ 8

ɫɭɦɦɭ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ

[

ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ 0-1:

5,42,05,22,15,25,02

 [

ɉɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ 0-1

50200

1900

250955040





, ɉɚ.

Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ 0-1

G =27,8+ 13,9+ 55,6

+ 13,9 =111,2 ɤɝ/ɫ.

ɉɨ (5.10, ɛ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɞɨɥɸ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ

22,0

250/50200

2,112

250

5,4

82,315,1  D

5) ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ

0-1:

164

22,1250

50200

)1(



D



, ɉɚ/ɦ;

ɩɨ (5.8) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ

266,0164/2,11110117

19,038,03





d , ɦ.

ɉɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ

1. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ

10

= 309

ɦɦ (325·8 ɦɦ).

2. ɉɨ (5.6) ɢɥɢ ɧɨɦɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɪɢɫ. 5.4 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ

ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ

79309,0/2,1111064,13

25,526





, ɉɚ/ɦ.

3. ɉɨ (5.9) ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ

0-1

48309,05,47,60

25,1

 l , ɦ.

4. ɉɨ (5.11) ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ

0-1

23600)48250(79





, ɉɚ.

5. ɉɨɬɟɪɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ

0-1

45,29550/23600/

101



, ɦ

6. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ

0-1ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ

ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɫɟɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ, ɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ 1 ɬɟɩ-

ɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ

1,9045,22952

10ɫ1



G



HHH

, ɦ.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ

0–1 ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱ-

ɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ. Ɋɟ-

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ:

ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɨɦɟɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ

0–1 1–2 2–4 4–6

ɤɝ/ɫ 111,2 83,4 69,5 13,9

ɥ,

ɉɚ/ɦ 164 187 235 260

ɦɦ 266 238 208 110

ɦɦ 309 359 207 125

ɉɚ/ɦ 79 115 249 149

,ɷ

ɦ 48 75,5 66 74

ɉɚ 23600 83500 108000 95000

ɦ 2,45 8,75 11,2 9,95

ɦ 90,1 72,6 50,2 30,3

ȼ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɨ-

ɬɟɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

5ɇ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫ-

ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɦ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɩɨ-

ɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.

5.7. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɟ-

ɬɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ,

ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ, ɧɨ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ

ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɫ

ɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ.

ɇɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɝɨ-

ɪɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɫ ɩɟɱɧɵɦ ɨɬɨ-

ɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɥɵɦɢ ɞɨɦɚɦɢ ɫ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ

ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ

ɫɟɬɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɞɚ-

ɧɢɣ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɟɬɹɦ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ.

ɉɪɢ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ

ɫɟɬɹɯ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ

ɜɫɟɯ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ

ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɤɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ

ɛɥɚɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜɫɟ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɝɨ-

ɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ.

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ

ɧɚ ɨɬɨ-

ɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɟ ɜɨɞɨ-

ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ

(ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɢɟ ɜɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ), ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɟ ɜɨ

ɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɜ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɬ-

ɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫɟɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɤ

ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ

ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ

. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚ-

ɥɟɣ 0,7–0,75; ɞɥɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɣ 0,8–0,9; ɞɥɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢ

ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ ɜɜɨɞɨɜ 1,0.

ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ

ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭ-

ɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ (ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɢɟ ɜɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɚ-

ɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨ-

ɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɫɟɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ

, ɯɨɬɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ

ɬɪɭɛɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɭɦ-

ɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɦ

)(

ɝɜɨ

GGG 

ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ

)(

ɜɨ

GG 

ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɢ

ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɞɵ G ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ.

ɗɬɨɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɨɩɪɟ-

ɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

ɝɝɨ.ɜ

ɨ.ɜ

5,0 GGGGG 

(5.24ɚ)

ɝɞɟ

ɨ.ɜ

– ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ

ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɸ:

ɨɜɨ.ɜ

GGG  ;

– ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ

ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɟ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨ ɋɇɢɉ «Ɍɟɩ-

ɥɨɜɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ»

ɝɨɜ

6,0 GGG 

(5.24ɛ)

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɭɦɹɝɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɚɷɪɢɪɨ-

ɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɭɬɟɱɟɤ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛ-

ɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 0,75 % ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɬɟɩ-

ɥɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚ

ɜ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɹɯ 0,5 % ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɧɢɯ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɪɭ-

ɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ (ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

, ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɮɚɤ-

ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟ-

ɬɹɯ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ 13–16 ɦ

ɧɚ 1 ɆȾɠ/ɫ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.

Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ 1 ɆȾɠ/ɫ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ-

ɧɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ 26 ɦ

ɞɥɹ ɠɢɥɵɯ

ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ 13 ɦ

ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ.

ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɫɟɬɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɬɢɩɟ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɫ-

ɱɟɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛ-

ɠɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ 55 ɦ

ɧɚ 1 ɆȾɠ/ɫ (65 ɦ

ɧɚ

1 Ƚɤɚɥ/ɱ) ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹ-

ɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɱɚ-

ɫɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ

ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 1,5 % ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ 5 ɦ

ɧɚ 1 ɆȾɠ/ɫ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɝɨ-

ɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɪɟ-

ɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɧɚ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɭɬɟɱɟɤ ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨ-

ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ.

5.8. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ

Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɟɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ-

ɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ. Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ

ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

ɤɨɩɬ

HHHHH 'GGG

(5.25)

ɝɞɟ

– ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ (ɛɨɣɥɟɪɧɨɣ)

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɩɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ

20 – 25 ɦ);

– ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ

ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɟɬɢ);

–

ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬ-

ɫɤɨɦ ɜɜɨɞɟ (ɆɌɉ) ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ (ȽɌɉ) ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ

ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚɯ.

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɟɟ

ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ

ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ ɜɜɨɞɚɯ (ɆɌɉ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɥɟ-

ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

;

x ɩɪɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɦ ɩɪɢ-

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ 6–10 ɦ,

x ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨ-

ɪɚ 15–20 ɦ;

ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ

ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɥɟɜɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ 20–25 ɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɨ-

ɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȽɌɉ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɜ (5.25) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ

ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɢ

ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɫ-

ɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ (Ɍɗɐ, ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ) ɢ ȽɌɉ.

ɉɪɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɡɚ

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ȽɌɉ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɤ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ

ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɬɶ

ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ȽɌɉ ɢ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬ-

ɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɭɫ-

ɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ Ɍɗɐ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ

ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ 12–13.

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ.

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ

ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ

ɞɜɭɯ, ɢɡ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ. ɉɪɢ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ

ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɹɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ

ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ

ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜ-

ɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ.

ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ,

ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ

ɜɨɞɨɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɭɬɟɱɟɤ ɜɨ-

ɞɵ ɢɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

ZHHH G

ɥɫɬ

(5.26)

ɝɞɟ

ɫɬ

– ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ 60 ɦ);

–

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ

ɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɢ

ɥɟɬɧɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ;

Z – ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨ-

ɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

ɇɚɩɨɪ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɭ ɩɚɪɨɜɵɯ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ – ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ-

ɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɚɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɚɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪ-

ɦɭɥɟ

ZHH G

(5.27)

ɝɞɟ

– ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɨɬ ɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ

ɛɚɤɚ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧ-

ɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ; Z – ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɛɚɤɚ

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɛɚɤɚ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɚ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɛɚɤ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ, ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ

ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ

Z ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɧɟɪɚɜ-

ɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɤɚɱɤɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ, ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɢ-

ɦɚɸɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɬɨɪɚɤɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ-ɱɚɫɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɤɨɧ-

ɞɟɧɫɚɬɚ.

5.9. Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ

ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ

ɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ Ɍɗɐ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶ-

ɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɹɦ. ɗɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭ-

ɸɬɫɹ, ɬ. ɟ. ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɟɤ ɧɚ

ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 1–3 ɤɦ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɥ-

ɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ (ɩɟ-

ɪɟɦɵɱɤɚɦɢ), ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ

, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.1.

ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɷɬɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɜɵ-

ɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ. ɉɨɬɨɤ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨ-

ɪɵɣ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ, ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫ-

ɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɟɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ

ɫɟɤɰɢɸ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɛɥɨɤɢ-

ɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɟ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ.

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.12,

ɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ-

ɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ

Ⱥ ɢ ȼ.

ɉɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬ-

ɪɚɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ.

IIA

IIIA

IVA

ȻI

ȻII

ȻIII

ȻIV

IIB

IIIB

IVB

ɛ)

Ɋɢɫ. 5.12. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚ-

ɝɢɟɬɪɚɥɟɣ (a) ɢ ɢɯ ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ (ɛ)

ȿɫɥɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ

IIȺ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ Ⱥ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ

ɚɜɚɪɢɹ, ɬɨ ɷɬɭ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ. ȼ

ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ

IA, ɩɟɪɟ-

ɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɟ

Ȼ1 ɜ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ IIȼ, ɜ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɷɬɨɬ

ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ

IIIȺ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ

ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɭ

ȻII.

ɉɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ, ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ

ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ

IIȼ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ-

ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ

ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɭ ɚɛɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ

ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɩ-

ɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɚ-

ɤɢɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ

ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ

ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

R ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜ-

ɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ

ɞɥɹ ɫɟɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɚ:

RkR

(5.18)

ɝɞɟ

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɚɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɹ.

ɂɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫ-

ɯɨɞɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɩɚ-

ɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɜɫɟɯ

ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

)2/(

 nnk

(5.19)

ɝɞɟ

n – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɫɫɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ.

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɟ (5.18) ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ

ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ

ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɉɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɚɯ (ɜ ɧɚɱɚ-

ɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ), ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɚɜ-

ɧɵɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ

ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ

ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.

Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨ-

ɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɭɱɬɟɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ

ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ

ɢɥɢ ɤ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ, ɜ ɜɢɞɟ

GkG

(5.20 ɚ)

ɢɥɢ

dkd

(5.20 ɛ)

ɝɞɟ

– ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ,

ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;

G, d – ɬɟ ɠɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɛɟɡ

ɭɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨ-

ɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɜɨɞɵ;

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɦɭ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ:

nnk

/)2(



;

(5.21 ɚ)

19,0

/)2( nnk



(5.21 ɛ)

ɉɨɞɚɱɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɵ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ-

ɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ.

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.13 ɞɚɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.

Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ

, ɧɟɩɨ-

ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɫɟɬɢ,

ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɨɞ-

ɧɨɣ ɞɨ ɩɹɬɢ-ɲɟɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɟ-

ɧɢɟ

ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɜɵɡɵ-

ɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸ-

ɳɢɯ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɢ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɹɬɢ-

ɲɟɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ.

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.12,

ɛ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ

ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɟɣ

Ⱥ ɢ ȼ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 5.12, ɚ). Ʌɢɧɢɹ 1 – ɩɶɟɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ

ɫɟɬɢ, ɡɚɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɟɟ

ɪɚɛɨɬɟ; ɥɢɧɢɹ

2 – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (

< 1); ɥɢɧɢɹ 3 –

ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɫɟɬɢ, ɡɚɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚ-

ɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ

IIȺ.