The Difco Manual 137
Specimen Collection and Preparation
Obtain and process specimens according to the techniques and
procedures established by laboratory policy.
Test Procedure
For a complete discussion on motility and carbohydrate fermentation
studies refer to procedures described in appropriate references.
2,6,7
Results
1. Fermentation of the test carbohydrate is observed when acid is
formed and the medium turns from red to yellow.
2. Motility of an organism is evident as a haze of growth extending
into the agar from the stab line.
2
Limitations of the Procedure
1. Since the nutritional requirements of organisms vary, some strains
may be encountered that fail to grow or grow poorly on this medium.
2. CTA requires a heavy inoculum.
5
3. Prolonged incubation may lead to changes in pH indicator or
abnormal lactose/sucrose reactions with Neisseria pathogens.
8,9
4. Neisseria species usually produce acid only in the area of stabs
(upper third). If there is a strong acid (yellow color) throughout the
medium, a contaminating organism may be present. If in doubt
about a tube containing a Neisseria species, a Gram stain and
oxidase test should be performed on the growth.
5
References
1. Vera, H. D. 1948. A simple medium for identification and mainte-
nance of the gonococcus and other bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 55:531.
2. Baron, E. J., L. R. Peterson, and S. M. Finegold. 1994. Bailey &
Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 9th ed. Mosby-Year Book, Inc.,
St. Louis, MO.
3. Myers, R. M., and G. Koshy. 1961. Beta-hemolytic streptococci
in survey throat cultures in an Indian population. Am. J. Public
Health 51:1872.
4. Alford, J. A., G. E. Wiese, and J. J. Gunter. 1955. Heat
resistance in Corynebacterium and the relationship of the genus to
Microbacterium. J. Bacteriol. 69:516.
5. MacFaddin, J. D. 1985. Media for isolation-cultivation-
identification-maintenance of medical bacteria, vol. 1, p. 254-259,
802-804. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
6. Isenberg, H. D. (ed.). 1995. Clinical microbiology procedures
handbook, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
7. Murray, P. R., E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and
R. H. Yolken (ed.). 1995. Manual of clinical microbiology, 6th ed.
American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
8. Faur, Y. C., M. H. Weisburd, and M. E. Wilson. 1975.
Carbohydrate fermentation plate medium for confirmation of
Neisseria species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:294.
9. Applebaum, P. C., and R. B. Lawrence. 1979. Comparison of
three methods for identification of pathogenic Neisseria species.
J. Clin. Microbiol. 9:598.
Packaging
Cystine Tryptic Agar 500 g 0523-17
Section II Czapek-Dox Broth & Czapek Solution Agar
Bacto
®
Czapek-Dox Broth
Bacto Czapek Solution Agar
Intended Use
Bacto Czapek-Dox Broth and Czapek Solution Agar are used for
cultivating fungi and bacteria capable of using inorganic nitrogen.
Summary and Explanation
Czapek-Dox Broth and Czapek Solution Agar are a modification of the
Czapek
1
and Dox
2
formula prepared according to Thom and Raper.
3
The media are prepared with only inorganic sources of nitrogen and
chemically defined compounds sources of carbon. Czapek-Dox media
are useful in a variety of microbiological procedures, including soil
microbiology and fungi and mildew resistance tests. Thom and Raper
3
reported Czapek-Dox Broth and Czapek Solution Agar will produce
moderately vigorous growth of most saprophytic aspergilli and yield
characteristic mycelia and conidia.
Czapek Solution Agar is recommended in Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater
5
for the isolation of Aspergillus,
Penicillium and related fungi.
Principles of the Procedure
Saccharose is the sole carbon source, and Sodium Nitrate is the sole
nitrogen source in Czapek-Dox Broth and Czapek Solution Agar.
Dipotassium Phosphate is the buffering agent, and Potassium Chloride
contains essential ions. Magnesium Sulfate and Ferrous Sulfate sources
of cations. Bacto Agar is the solidifying agent in Czapek Solution Agar.
Formula
Czapek-Dox Broth
Formula Per Liter
Bacto Saccharose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 g
Sodium Nitrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 g
Dipotassium Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 g
Magnesium Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 g
Potassium Chloride. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 g
Ferrous Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 g
Final pH 7.3 ± 0.2 at 25°C
Czapek Solution Agar
Formula Per Liter
Bacto Saccharose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 g
Sodium Nitrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 g
Dipotassium Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 g
Magnesium Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 g
Potassium Chloride. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 g
Ferrous Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01 g
Bacto Agar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 g
Final pH 7.3 ± 0.2 at 25°C