Башарина О.В., Артюхов В.Г. (сост) Биофизика

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ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ

1. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ? Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ

ɢɦɟɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ?

2. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ?

3. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

4. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ

ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.

5. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ

ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ: ɚ)ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ; ɛ) ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ;

ɜ) ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ. ɇɚɪɢɫɭɣɬɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ

ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ. ɇɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ.

6. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɜ

ɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ.

Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɋɟɦɢɡɨɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɚ : ɭɱɟɛ. ɞɥɹ

ɜɭɡɨɜ / Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɋɟɦɢɡɨɜ, Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɧɚ, Ⱥ.ə. ɉɨɬɚɩɟɧɤɨ. – Ɇ., 2003. – ɋ. 150–154.

2. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ : ɭɱɟɛ. ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ / ȼ.Ɏ. Ⱥɧɬɨɧɨɜ [ɢɞɪ.]. – Ɇ., 1999. –

ɋ. 163–167; 175–180.

3. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ : ɭɱɟɛ

. ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ / ɘ.Ⱥ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜ [ɢɞɪ.]. – Ɇ.,

1983. – ɋ. 88–94.

4. Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɘ.Ɇ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɟ.

ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɭ / ɘ.Ɇ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ,

ɇ.ȼ. ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜɚ, Ⱦ.ɋ. ɑɟɪɧɚɜɫɤɢɣ. – Ɇ. : ɂɄɇ, 2004. – 472 ɫ.

5. Ʉɨɧɫɩɟɤɬ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ.

ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ..................................................................................... ........3

Ɍɟɦɚ 1. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɤɚ.................................................................6

1.1. ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ

ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ

ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɢ......................................................................................6

Ɍɟɦɚ 2. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ.......................................................11

2.1. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɢ ɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ.....................................11

2.2. ɋɢɥɵ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ.

Ʉɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ................................................ ......14

Ɍɟɦɚ 3. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ............................................................... .16

3.1. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ.

Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɛɢɨɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɵɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ.................. .......16

3.2. Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ.

Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ..............................................................21

3.3. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ. ɂɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ

ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɋɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ...........................................24

3.4. Ȼɢɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ

ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɤɨɹ..................................................................26

3.5. ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ

ɧɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ..........................................................................................29

3.6. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɢ. Ɍɢɩɵ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ.

Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ...........................................................33

Ɍɟɦɚ 4. Ʉɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ. Ɏɨɬɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ................................ ...38

4.1. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ.

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɯ...............38

4.2. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ

ɫɜɟɬɚ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ........................ ......42

4.3. Ʌɸɦɢɧɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɹ. Ɏɥɭɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɹ ɢ

ɮɨɫɮɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɦɢɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ

ɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɢ.

Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ..................... .......48

4.4. Ɏɨɬɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ.

Ɏɨɬɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ................... ......53

4.5. Ɏɨɬɨɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɹ, ɟɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ....................... ......58

4.6. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɟɥɢɣ-ɧɟɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɚɡɟɪɚ, ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ.......... ......61

Ɍɟɦɚ 5. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ............................. .....65

5.1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ

ɛɢɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɢ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ........................................ .....65

Ɍɟɦɚ 6. Ȼɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ................................................ ...70

6.1. Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. I ɢ II ɧɚɱɚɥɚ

ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ................................................................................................70

6.2. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ.

ɋɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ.

ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɢɝɨɠɢɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ............................................75

6.3. ɗɬɚɩɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɢɩɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. ɇɨɜɟɣɲɢɟ

ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɤɢ, ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɢɢ..................................78

ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ

ȻɂɈɎɂɁɂɄȺ

ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ:

Ȼɚɲɚɪɢɧɚ Ɉɥɶɝɚ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚ,

Ⱥɪɬɸɯɨɜ ȼɚɥɟɪɢɣ Ƚɪɢɝɥɪɶɟɜɢɱ

ɉɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ 08.08.07. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 60×84/16. ɍɫɥ. ɩɟɱ. ɥ. 4,9.

Ɍɢɪɚɠ 100 ɷɤɡ. Ɂɚɤɚɡ 1652.

ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ

ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ.

394000, ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, ɩɥ. ɢɦ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, 10. Ɍɟɥ. 208-298, 598-026 (ɮɚɤɫ)

http://www.ppc.vsu.ru; e-mail: pp_center@typ.vsu.ru

Ɉɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ

ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ.

394000, ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, ɭɥ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɫɤɚɹ, 3. Ɍɟɥ. 204-133.