Baar Monika. Historians and Nationalism: East-Central Europe in the Nineteenth Century

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HISTORIANS AND NATIONALISM

OXFORD HISTORICAL MONOGRAPHS

Editors

p. clavin r. j. w. evans

l. goldman j. robertson r. service

p. a. slack b. ward-perkins

j. l. watts

Historians

and Nationalism

East-Central Europe in the Nineteenth

Century

MONIKA BAÁR

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp

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First published 2010

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ISBN 978–0–19–958118–4

13579108642

This book is dedicated to the memory

of my grandmother, Lola.

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Acknowledgements

First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor

Robert Evans, for providing inspiration for my doctoral thesis and

subsequently advising its metamorphosis into the present book. Some

of the debts I have incurred extend back to my undergraduate years in

Budapest. I am especially grateful to Endre Bojt

ar, who provided me

with valuable insights on the cultures of East-Central Europe. M

aria

M. Kov

acs aroused my interest in some questions which subsequently

became important themes of this book. Much of the thesis revision

was undertaken in the two years that I spent as a Postdoctoral Fellow

in the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin,

where my work beneﬁted both from the thriving intellectual milieu of

Lorraine Daston’s Department and from the librarians’ assistance with

the location of material held in obscure places. I wish to thank my

colleagues and friends who commented on the manuscript at various

stages and/or helped in other ways: Claudia Baldoli, Stefan Berger,

Tibor Frank, G

abor Klaniczay, Richard Overy, Steve A. Smith and

Bal

azs Trencs

enyi. Last but not least, Lisa McKee’s assistance with

proofreading has been greatly appreciated.

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Contents

Introduction 1

1 Five Biographical Proﬁles 19

Lelewel 19

Daukantas 25

Palack

y29

Horv

ath 35

Kog

alniceanu 40

2 Romantic Historiography in the Service of Nation-Building 46

The democratization of historical writing 46

Commitment and impartiality 53

Romantic progressivism 57

Self-congratulation versus emancipation 61

The blueprint of national historiography 64

Consolation and encouragement 69

Conclusion: desiderata and fulﬁlments 72

3 Institutionalization and Professionalization 75

The transformation of historiographical standards 75

Learned societies 78

Universities 84

Publication of primary sources 89

Journals 91

Auxiliary sciences 95

Censorship 96

Conclusion 100

4 Intellectual Background 103

Enlightenment in national contexts 103

Herder’s legacy 109

The impact of the Scottish Enlightenment 113

The Sp

ataufkl

arung in G

ottingen 118