ASME Section VIII div 2 2010. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Alternative Rules

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

2010 SECTION VIII-2

7-47

Parallel Planes

Bounding

Aligned Flaws

Clad Surface

Pressure Retaining Surface

Of Unclad Component Or

Clad-Base Metal Interface

Of Clad Component

1/2 In.

Unclad Surface

Section T-T

Surface

Flaws

Note (1)

T T

CC'

Surface

Flaws

Note (2)

Surface

Flaws

Note (3)

G'G

H'H

Notes:

1) This illustration indicates two surface flaws. The first,

a , is on the outer surface, and the

second,

a , is on the inner surface:

(

)

(

)

aa aa+≤+ within planes

A A and B B−−

2) This illustration indicates two subsurface flaws:

(

)

()

aa aa+≤+ within planes

CCandDD−−

3) This illustration indicates two surface flaws and one subsurface flaw.

()

aa aa+≤+ within planes

EEandFF

−

()

ses

aa aaa+≤++ within planes

F F and G G

−

()

aa aa+≤+ within planes

G G and H H

−

Figure 7.15 – Multiple Aligned Planar Flaws

2010 SECTION VIII-2

7-48

Figure 7.16 - Dimension “a” For Partial Penetration and Fillet Welds

标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载

2010 SECTION VIII-2

7-49

Figure 7.17 - Dimensions “a” and “d” For A Partial Penetration Corner Weld

2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2

7-50

ANNEX 7.A

RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES FOR INSPECTION AND

EXAMINATION ACTIVITIES

(NORMATIVE)

7.A.1 General

The responsibilities and duties for inspection and examination including nondestructive examination during

construction of pressure vessels are provided in this Annex. The responsibilities and duties for these

activities as related to the specific duties of the Manufacturer and Inspector are covered for vessels to be

marked with the Code Symbol.

7.A.2 Manufacturer’s Responsibility

7.A.2.1 The Manufacturer

a) The Manufacturer who completes any vessel has the responsibility of complying with all the

requirements of this Division and, through proper certification, of ensuring that any work done by others

also complies with all requirements of this Division.

b) The Manufacturer has the responsibility of assuring that the quality control, the detailed examinations,

and the tests required by this Division are performed at the stages of construction to permit them to be

meaningful. The Manufacturer shall provide to the Inspector, at the appropriate time, the information

necessary to enable him to perform his specified duties.

7.A.2.2 Inspection and Examination Duties

a) Overview Of Duties – The Manufacturer shall perform his specified duties. Some, but not all of duties

pertaining to inspection and examination, which are defined in this Division, that are to be performed by

the Manufacturer are summarized in Table 7.A.1.

b) Certification of Competence of Magnetic Particle, Liquid Penetrant, and Eddy Current Examiner – the

Manufacturer shall certify that each examiner meets the following requirements.

1) The examiner has vision, with correction if necessary, to read a Jaeger Type No.2 Standard Chart,

at a distance of not less than 300 mm (12 in.), and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating

contrast between colors used. Compliance with these requirements shall be demonstrated

annually.

2) The examiner is certified and competent in the techniques of the particular nondestructive

examination method, including making the examination, interpretation, and evaluation of the results,

except that, where the examination method consists of more than one operation, the examiner may

be certified as being qualified only for one or more of these operations.

标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载

2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2

7-51

7.A.3 Inspector’s Responsibility

7.A.3.1 The Inspector

a) All references to the Inspectors throughout this Division mean the Authorized Inspector as defined in this

paragraph. All inspections required by this Division shall be:

1) By an Inspector regularly employed by an ASME accredited Authorized Inspection Agency, except

that

2) Inspections may be by the regularly employed user's Inspector in the case of a User-Manufacturer

which manufactures pressure vessels exclusively for its own use and not for resale.

Except as permitted in paragraph 7.A.3.1.a.2, the Inspector shall not be in the employ of the

Manufacturer. All Inspectors shall have been qualified by a written examination under the rules of any

state of the United States, province of Canada, or any other jurisdiction that has adopted the Code.

b) Whenever Authorized Inspection Agency or AlA is used in this Division, it shall mean an Authorized

Inspection Agency accredited by ASME in accordance with the requirements in the latest edition of

ASME QAI-1, Qualifications for Authorized Inspection.

7.A.3.2 Inspection and Examination Duties

7.A.3.2.1 General

a) The Inspector shall make all inspections specifically required by the rules of this Division plus such other

inspections the Inspector believes that are necessary to enable the Inspector to certify that the vessel to

be stamped with the Code Symbol has been designed and constructed in accordance with the

requirements of this Division.

b) Some, but not all, of the required inspections and verifications that are defined in the rules of this Division

are summarized in Table 7.A.1.

7.A.3.2.2 Manufacturer’s Quality Control System

In addition to the duties specified, the Inspector has the duty to monitor the Manufacturer's Quality Control

System.

7.A.3.2.3 Inspection of Materials

a) Compliance Of Materials With Requirements – the Inspector shall assure himself that all materials used

comply in all respects with the requirements of this Division. The Manufacturer shall submit to the

Inspector certification of materials compliance. The Inspector shall examine certified test reports or

certificates of compliance for the materials used, except as otherwise provided for in the material

specification or in this Division.

b) Marking On Materials – the Inspector shall inspect materials used in the construction to see that they

bear the identification required by the applicable material specification, except as otherwise provided in

Part 3 of this Division. Should the identifying marks be obliterated or the material be divided into two or

more parts, the marks shall be properly transferred by the Manufacturer as provided in paragraph

6.1.1.2.

2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2

7-52

7.A.3.2.4 Dimensional Check of Component Parts

a) The Inspector shall satisfy himself that:

1) Head and shell sections conform to the prescribed shape and meet the thickness requirements after

forming;

2) Nozzles, manhole frames, reinforcement around openings, and other appurtenances to be attached

to the inside or outside of the vessel fit properly to the curvature of the vessel surface; and

3) The dimensional requirements have been met, include making such dimensional measurements as

the Inspector considers necessary.

b) Use of Templates – if required by the Inspector, the Manufacturer of the vessel shall furnish accurately

formed templates for his use.

7.A.3.2.5 Check Of Heat Treatment Practice

The Inspector shall satisfy himself that the Manufacturer has conducted all heat treatment operations required

by this Division. Certificates furnished by the Manufacturer may be accepted as evidence that the heat

treatment operations were correctly carried out.

7.A.3.2.6 Inspection of Welding

a) Check Of Welding Procedure Specifications – the Inspector shall verify that the welding procedures

employed in construction have been qualified under the provisions of Section IX and as specified in this

Division. The Manufacturer shall submit evidence to the Inspector that those requirements have been

met. When there is a specific reason to question a welding procedure, the Inspector may require re-

qualification as a requirement for the procedure to be used on work subject to his inspection.

b) Check of Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualification – the Inspector shall verify that all

welding is done by welders or welding operators qualified under the provisions of Section IX. The

Manufacturer shall make available to the Inspector a certified copy of the record of performance

qualification tests of each welder and welding operator as evidence that these requirements have been

met. When there is a specific reason to question the ability of a welder or welding operator to make

welds that meet the requirements of the Welding Procedure Specification, the Inspector may require re-

qualification as a requirement for the welder or welding operator to continue welding on work subject to

his inspection.

c) Check Of Nondestructive Examination Methods – the Inspector shall verify that the nondestructive

examination methods of Part 7 which are used follow the techniques specified therein, that the

examinations are performed by operators who are certified by the Manufacturer as being qualified in the

techniques of the methods employed and in the interpretation and evaluation of the results, and that the

Manufacturer has met the requirements of all of the rules of this Division. If there is a specific reason to

question an operator's qualifications, the Inspector has the right to require proof of the operator's ability

to perform and interpret the examinations specified. The Inspector may witness nondestructive

examinations at his discretion.

7.A.3.2.7 Witness of Pressure Test

The Inspector shall witness the hydrostatic test or pneumatic test required by Part 8 of this Division.

标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载

2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2

7-53

7.A.4 Tables

Table 7.A.1 – Inspection And Examination Activities and Responsibilities/Duties

Inspection And

Examination Activities

Time of

Examination

Paragraph Reference

Manufacturer’s

Responsibilities

Inspector’s Duties

Procedure Acceptance

Criteria

The Certificate Of

Authorization From ASME

Boiler And Pressure Vessel

Committee

Before Start Of

All Work

Annex 2.G

Annex 2.E

NA Obtain the

Certificate and

maintain Quality

Control System

Verify the validity of

Certificate and that

Quality Control System is

in place and being

followed.

Manufacturers Quality

Control System

2.3.5

Annex 2.E

7.A.3.2.2 Maintain and

Quality Control

System

Verify that Quality Control

System is in place,

Monitor the Quality

Control System During

Fabrication

The Applicable Drawings

And Documents

Before

Fabrication

NA 2.2.2

Part 4

Part 5

Prepare applicable

Design Report,

User Design

Specification (if

applicable),

drawings and

related documents

Verify that applicable

Design Report, User

Design Specification,

drawings and related

documents are available

Compliance Of All Material

Used In The Fabrication Of

The Vessel Or Part

Including Sample Test

Coupons

Before

Fabrication

7.3.1.1 Part 3

7.A.3.2.3

Make certain that

material used

comply with the

requirements of

Part 3

Verify compliance of

material with the

requirements of Part 3

Repair Of Material Defects Before

Fabrication

6.1.1.3 6.1.1.3 Make certain that

material defects

repaired by welding

are acceptably

repaired and

reexamined

Verify that material

defects repaired by

welding are acceptably

repaired and reexamined

Traceability Of The Material

Identification

During Cutting

Of Material

7.3.1.2

3.2.7.2

NA Make certain that

the material

identification

numbers have been

properly transferred

Make examinations to

confirm that the material

identification numbers

have been properly

transferred

Proper Thickness And

Dimensional Check Of

Vessel Components

Before

Welding

7.3.2 6.2

7.A.3.2.4

Examine to confirm

they have been

properly formed to

shape within

tolerances

Verify that the thickness

and dimensions are

within tolerances

Qualification Of Welding

Procedure

Before

Welding

6.2.2.4

Sec.IX

7.3.4

7.A.3.2.6.a

Sec.IX

Perform and

maintain

qualification

Verify that all welding

procedures have been

qualified

Qualification Of Welders

And Welding Operators

Before

Welding

6.2.2.5

Sec.IX

7.3.5

7.A.3.2.6.b

Sec.IX

Perform and

maintain

qualification

Verify that all welders

and welding operators

have been qualified

Repair of Material Cut

Edge Defects

During

Fabrication

6.1.3.1 7.4.4

7.4.5

7.4.6

Make certain that

material edge

defects repaired by

welding are

acceptably repaired

and reexamined

Verify that material cut

edge defects repaired by

welding are acceptably

repaired and reexamined

2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2

7-54

Table 7.A.1 – Inspection And Examination Activities and Responsibilities/Duties - Continued

Inspection And

Examination Activities

Time of

Examination

Paragraph Reference

Manufacturer’s

Responsibilities

Inspector’s Duties

Procedure Acceptance

Criteria

Proper Fitting And Cleaning

Of Parts For Welding

Before

Welding

6.1.3

6.1.4

6.1.5

6.1.6

7.3.6 Examine all parts to

make certain they

have been properly

fitted/aligned and

the surfaces to be

joined have been

cleaned for welding

Verify that all parts have

been properly

fitted/aligned and the

surfaces to be jointed

have been cleaned for

welding

Any Repairs For Defects By

Welding

During

Fabrication

6.2.7 7.4.2

through

7.4.6

Make certain that

weld defects are

acceptably repaired

and reexamined

Verify that weld defects

are acceptably repaired

and reexamined

Control For Required Heat

Treatments

During

Fabrication

6.4 7.3.3

7.A.3.2.5

Control to assure

that all required

heat treatments are

performed

Verify that the heat

treatments, including

PWHT have been

performed properly

Impact Tests For Welds As

Production Test

After Welding 3.11.8 3.11.8 Perform tests and

provide records

Verify that impact tests

have been performed

and that the results are

acceptable

Certification of Qualification

of Nondestructive

Radiographic, Ultrasonic,

Magnetic Particle, Liquid

Penetrant, and Eddy

Current Test Examiners

After Welding 7.3.6 7.A.3.2.6.c Certify that each

operator meets

requirements of this

Division

Verify that each operator

meets requirements of

the Division

Nondestructive

Examinations

After Welding 7.4

7.A.3.2.6.c

7.4.3

7.4.4

7.4.5

7.4.6

7.4.7

Perform

examinations and

provide records

including retaining

radiographs and UT

Scans

Verify that required

nondestructive

examinations have been

performed and that the

results are acceptable

Visual Examinations After Welding 7.5.2 Table 7.6 Perform visual

examinations

Make a visual inspection

of the vessel to confirm

that there are no welding

and dimensional defects

Hydrostatic Or Pneumatic

Test With Required

Inspection During Such

Test

After

Fabrication

Part 8 Part 8,

7.A.3.2.7

Perform inspection

and test

Perform inspections and

witnessing the

hydrostatic or pneumatic

tests

Stamping And/Or

Nameplate To The Vessel

After

Fabrication

Annex 2.F NA Apply the required

stamping and/or

nameplate to the

vessel

Verify that the required

marking, including

stamping, is provided and

that any name plate has

been attached

Manufacturer’s Data Report After

Fabrication

Annex 2.D NA Prepare, certify, and

provide to the

Inspector for

certification

Sign the Certificate of

inspection

Manufacturers Data Report

and Records Specified by

this Division

After Delivery Annex 2.C NA Maintain proper

records and

distribute the

documentation

package

Verify that the

Manufacturer has

maintained proper

records during Vessel

Manufacture

标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载

2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2

8-1

PART 8

PRESSURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS

PART CONTENTS

8.1 General Requirements ......................................................................................................... 8-2

8.1.1 Selection of Pressure Test Methods ............................................................................. 8-2

8.1.2 Precautions .................................................................................................................... 8-2

8.1.3 Requirements for Vessels of Specific Construction ...................................................... 8-3

8.1.4 Pressure Gages ............................................................................................................. 8-4

8.2 Hydrostatic Testing ............................................................................................................... 8-4

8.2.1 Test Pressure ................................................................................................................ 8-4

8.2.2 Preparation for Testing .................................................................................................. 8-5

8.2.3 Test Fluid ....................................................................................................................... 8-5

8.2.4 Test Procedures ............................................................................................................ 8-5

8.2.5 Test Examination and Acceptance Criteria ................................................................... 8-5

8.3 Pneumatic Testing ................................................................................................................ 8-6

8.3.1 Test Pressure ................................................................................................................ 8-6

8.3.2 Preparation for Testing .................................................................................................. 8-6

8.3.3 Test Fluid ....................................................................................................................... 8-6

8.3.4 Test Procedures ............................................................................................................ 8-6

8.3.5 Test Examination and Acceptance Criteria ................................................................... 8-6

8.4 Alternative Pressure Testing ................................................................................................ 8-7

8.4.1 Hydrostatic–Pneumatic Tests ........................................................................................ 8-7

8.4.2 Leak Tightness Testing ................................................................................................. 8-7

8.5 Documentation ..................................................................................................................... 8-7

8.6 Nomenclature ....................................................................................................................... 8-7

2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2

8-2

8.1 General Requirements

8.1.1 Selection of Pressure Test Methods

a) Except as otherwise permitted in paragraphs 8.1.1.b and 8.1.1.c, a completed vessel designed for

internal pressure shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test performed in accordance with paragraph 8.2.

Pressure tests of vessels designed for vacuum or partial vacuum only shall be tested in accordance with

paragraph 8.1.3.1. A vessel shall be considered a completed vessel after:

1) All fabrication has been completed, except for operations that could not be performed prior to the

test such as weld end preparation, or cosmetic grinding on the base material that does not affect the

required thickness including corrosion allowance.

2) All examinations have been performed, except those required after the test.

b) Subject to the limitations and additional nondestructive weld examination requirements that may be

imposed elsewhere in this Division, a pneumatic test performed in accordance with paragraph 8.3 may

be substituted for a hydrostatic test if any of the following are true.

1) The vessel is constructed and supported such that the weight of the hydrostatic test fluid could

cause permanent visible distortion.

2) The vessel cannot be readily dried and is to be used in services where traces of the testing liquid

cannot be tolerated.

3) The vessel is so constructed that brittle fracture is not a credible mode of failure at the pressure test

conditions.

4) The pneumatic test is monitored by acoustic emission examination in accordance with Article 12 of

Section V.

c) Combined hydrostatic-pneumatic tests may be substituted in cases where it is desirable to test a vessel

partially filled with liquid. Combined hydrostatic-pneumatic tests shall be performed in accordance with

paragraph 8.4.1.

8.1.2 Precautions

a) Pressure tests shall be carried out under controlled conditions with appropriate safety precautions and

equipment.

b) Vents shall be provided at all high points of the vessel in the position in which it is to be tested to allow

purging possible air pocket locations while the vessel is filled for hydrostatic testing. Attention shall be

given to nozzle protrusions and vessel internals.

When performing a pneumatic test, particular care shall be taken to avoid brittle fracture given the

potential hazards of the energy stored in the compressed gas. In this regard, the decision to perform a

pneumatic test shall be considered during the design of the vessel so that the minimum design

temperature/coincident pressure conditions for all pressure-boundary components, including any

reduction in temperature and to a coincident reduction in pressure of the service fluid as the design

pressure is released (auto-refrigeration), are considered when selecting the materials of construction.

d) Air or gas is hazardous when used as a testing medium. It is therefore recommended that the vessel be

tested in such a manner as to ensure personnel safety from a release of the total internal energy of the

vessel. See also ASME PCC-2, Article 5.1, Appendix III “Safe Distance Calculations for Pneumatic

Pressure Test” and Appendix II “Stored Energy Calculations for Pneumatic Pressure Test.” Liquid test

media may also present hazards due to the stored energy in the compressed liquid and strain energy

stored in the vessel material.

e) Vessels may be painted or coated either internally or externally, and may be lined internally, prior to

pressure testing. However, the application of paints, coatings and linings is not permitted prior to

hydrotest if the vessel is to contain fluids of such a nature that a very small amount mixed or unmixed

标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载