ASME Section VIII div 2 2010. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Alternative Rules

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2010 SECTION VIII-2

7-27

Table 7.5 – NDE Techniques, Method, Characterization, Acceptance Criteria

NDT Technique Method

Paragraph Reference For

Characterization And Acceptance

Criteria

Visual Examination (VT) --- 7.5.2

Radiographic Examination (RT) Section V Article 2 7.5.3

Ultrasonic Examination(UT) Section V Article 4 7.5.4

Ultrasonic Examination (when used in

lieu of RT)

Section V Article 4 and

paragraph 7.5.5

7.5.5

Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) Section V Article 7 7.5.6

Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) Section V Article 6 7.5.7

Eddy Current Examination (ET) Paragraph 7.5.8 7.5.8

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Table 7.6 – Visual Examination Acceptance Criteria

No. Type Of Imperfection

Acceptance Criteria

Cracks (all) --- Not permitted.

2 Gas cavity (all)

Shrinkage cavity (all)

Not Permitted

3 Slag inclusions (all)

Flux inclusions (all)

Oxide inclusions (all)

Metallic inclusions (all)

---

Not permitted when occurring at the

surface

4 Incomplete fusion (all)

Not permitted.

5 Lack of penetration

Not permitted if a complete penetration

weld is required

6 Undercut

Refer to paragraph 6.2.4.1 (b)(2) for

acceptable undercut

Requirements in paragraph 7.5.3.2 to

permit proper interpretation of radiography

shall also be satisfied.

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Table 7.6 – Visual Examination Acceptance Criteria

No. Type Of Imperfection

Acceptance Criteria

7 Weld reinforcement Acceptable weld reinforcement in butt

welding joints shall be in accordance with

paragraph 6.2.4.1.d. A smooth transition

is required.

8 Joint offset

---

Refer to paragraph 6.1.6 for acceptable

offset in butt welded joints.

9 Peaking

---

Refer to paragraph 6.1.6 for acceptable

peaking in butt welding joints.

10 Stray flash or arc strike --- Not permitted

11 Spatter --- Spatter shall be minimized

12 Torn surface

Grinding mark

Chipping mark

---

Not permitted

13 Concavity

Refer to paragraph 6.2.4.1(d) for

acceptable concavity

Notes:

1) The following symbols are used in this table.

a – nominal fillet weld throat thickness

b – width of weld reinforcement

d – diameter of pore

h – height of imperfections

t – wall or plate thickness

2) These imperfections may be removed by blend grinding.

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Table 7.7 – Radiographic Acceptance Standards For Rounded Indications (Examples Only)

Thickness - t

Maximum Size of Acceptable Rounded Indication

Maximum Size of Non-

relevant Indications

Random Isolated

Less than 3 mm (1/8 in) 1/4 t 1/3 t 1/10 t

3 mm (1/8 in)

0.8 mm (1/32 in) 1.1 mm (3/64 in) 0.4 mm (1/64 in)

5 mm (3/16 in)

1.2 mm (3/64 in) 1.5 mm (1/16 in) 0.4 mm (1/64 in)

6 mm (1/4 in)

1.5 mm (1/16 in) 2.1 mm (3/32 in) 0.4 mm (1/64 in)

8 mm (5/16 in) 2.0 mm (5/64 in) 2.6 mm (7/64 in) 0.8 mm (1/32 in)

10 mm (3/8 in) 2.5 mm (3/32 in) 3 mm (1/8 in) 0.8 mm (1/32 in)

11 mm (7/16 in) 2.8 mm (7/64 in) 3.7 mm (5/32 in) 0.8 mm (1/32 in)

13 mm (1/2 in)

3 mm (1/8 in) 4.3 mm (11/64 in) 0.8 mm (1/32 in)

14 mm (9/16 in)

3.6 mm (5/64 in) 5 mm (3/16in.) 0.8 mm (1/32 in)

16 mm (5/8 in)

4.0 mm (5/32 in) 5.3 mm (7/32 in) 0.8 mm (1/32 in)

17 mm (11/16 in)

4.0 mm (5/32 in) 5.8 mm (15.64 in) 0.8 mm (1/32 in)

19 mm (3/4 in) to

50 mm (2 in), inclusive

4.0 mm (5/32 in) 6.4 mm (1/4 in) 0.8 mm (1/32 in)

Over 50 mm (2 in)

4.0 mm (5/32 in) 10 mm (3/8 in) 1.5 mm (1/16 in)

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Table 7.8 – Flaw Acceptance Criteria For Welds With A Thickness Between 13 mm (1/2 in.) And Less

Than 25 mm (1 in)

Flaw Type

/at

Surface flaw

≤

0.087 ≤ 6.4 mm ( 1/4 in)

Subsurface flaw

≤

0.143 ≤ 6.4 mm ( 1/4 in)

Notes:

1) The parameter t is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement, and the parameter

l is the length of the flaw. For a butt weld joining two members having different thickness at the weld, t

is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, then the thickness

of the throat of the fillet weld shall be included in

t .

2) A subsurface indication shall be considered as a surface flaw if the separation (

S in Figure 7.11) of the

indication from the nearest surface of the component is equal to or less than half the through dimension

(2d in Figure 7.11, Sketch (b)) of the subsurface indication.

3) The acceptance limits specified here are based upon workmanship considerations and are not

necessarily intended for use in evaluating flaws identified after the vessel has gone into service.

4) a and l are as defined in paragraph 7.5.5.2.

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Table 7.9 – Flaw Acceptance Criteria For Welds With Thickness Between 25 mm ( 1 in) And Less

Than or Equal to 300 mm (12 in)

Flaw

Aspect Ratio

25 mm (1 in)

t≤<

64 mm (2 1/2in) 100 mm (4 in)

≤

300 mm (12 in)

Surface Flaw

/at

Subsurface Flaw

/at

Surface Flaw

/at

Subsurface Flaw

/at

0.00 0.031 0.034 0.019 0.020

0.05 0.033 0.038 0.020 0.022

0.10 0.036 0.043 0.022 0.025

0.15 0.041 0.049 0.025 0.029

0.20 0.047 0.057 0.028 0.033

0.25 0.055 0.066 0.033 0.038

0.30 0.064 0.078 0.038 0.044

0.35 0.074 0.090 0.044 0.051

0.40 0.083 0.105 0.050 0.058

0.45 0.085 0.123 0.051 0.067

0.50 0.087 0.143 0.052 0.076

Notes:

1) The parameter t is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement, and the parameter

l is the length of the flaw. For a butt weld joining two members having different thickness at the weld, t

is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, then the thickness

of the throat of the fillet weld shall be included in

t .

2) A subsurface indication shall be considered as a surface flaw if the separation (

S in Figure 7.11) of the

indication from the nearest surface of the component is equal to or less than half the through dimension

(2d in Figure 7.11, Sketch (b)) of the subsurface indication.

3) The acceptance limits specified here are based upon workmanship considerations and are not

necessarily intended for use in evaluating flaws identified after the vessel has gone into service.

4) For intermediate flaw aspect ratio

aland thickness t (64 mm [2 ½ in.] < t < 100 mm [4 in.]), linear

interpolation is permissible.

5) If the acceptance criteria in this table results in a flaw length, l , less than 6.4 mm (0.25 in.), a value of

6.4mm (0.25 in.) may be used.

6) For materials exceeding 655 MPa (95 ksi) ultimate tensile strength, the use of this table is limited to a

thickness of 200 mm (8 in.).

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Table 7.10 – Flaw Acceptance Criteria For Welds With A Thickness Greater Than 300 mm (12 in)

Aspect Ratio

/al

Surface Flaw

Subsurface Flaw

0.00 5.8 mm (0.228 in) 6.1 mm (0.240 in)

0.05 6.1 mm (0.240 in) 6.7 mm (0.264 in)

0.10 6.7 mm (0.264 in) 7.6 mm (0.300 in)

0.15 7.6 mm (0.300 in) 8.8 mm (0.348 in)

0.20 8.5 mm (0.336 in) 10.1 mm (0.396 in)

0.25 10.1 mm (0.396 in) 11.6 mm (0.456 in)

0.30 11.6 mm (0.456 in) 13.4 mm (0.528 in)

0.35 13.4 mm (0.528 in) 15.5 mm (0.612 in)

0.40 15.2 mm (0.600 in) 17.7 mm (0.696 in)

0.45 15.5 mm (0.612 in) 20.4 mm (0.804 in)

0.50 15.8 mm (0.624 in) 23.2 mm (0.912 in)

Notes:

1) The parameter t is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement, and the parameter

l is the length of the flaw. For a butt weld joining two members having different thickness at the weld, t

is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, then the thickness

of the throat of the fillet weld shall be included in t .

2) A subsurface indication shall be considered as a surface flaw if the separation (

S in Figure 7.11) of the

indication from the nearest surface of the component is equal to or less than half the through dimension

(2d in Figure 7.11, Sketch (b)) of the subsurface indication.

3) The acceptance limits specified here are based upon workmanship considerations and are not

necessarily intended for use in evaluating flaws identified after the vessel has gone into service.

4) Linear interpolation is permissible for intermediate values of the flaw aspect ratio

5) This table is not applicable for materials exceeding 655 MPa (95 ksi) ultimate tensile strength.

2010 SECTION VIII-2

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7.10 Figures

Not judged

Judged

Any indication not in

line with layer

interface shall be

interpreted in accordance

with paragraph 7.4.11.2

Layered Section

Solid-Wall Section

Typical Indication

of Layer Wash

See paragraph 7.4.11.5

Figure 7.1 – Examination of Layered Vessels

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Film or other

recording media

Fusion Line

Source

Approximate location

of radiation source for

angle shot

Film or other

recording media

Possible

Superimposed

Condition

(Indication)

Figure 7.2 – Examination of Layered Vessels

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Note: The sum of

L to

L shall be less than t in a length of

12t

Figure 7.3 – Aligned Rounded Indications

Note: The sum of the group of lengths shall be less than

t in a length of 12t .

Maximum Group Length

Minimum Group Spacing

6(1/4)Lmm in=

for

19 (3 / 4 )tmm in<

3L where L is the length of the longest

adjacent group being evaluated

3Lt= for

19 (3 / 4 ) 57 (2 1/ 4 )mm in t mm in≤≤ −

19 (3/ 4 )Lmm in= for 57 (2 1/ 4 )tmm in>−

Figure 7.4 – Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications

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