Акулов О.А., Медведев Н.В. Информатика. Базовый курс
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rrpnrvro orHocflTcfl K rroAypoBHro
MAC BToporo
(xana.rrrHoro)
ypoenx
erarronnoli MoAeAra OSI. Ocraaurue 802-cuequ$uxaquz
peruaror
o6-
qrre
Borrpocrr cererl:
.
802,1
-
o6re.a,uHeHue cereri;
.
802,2
-
ynpaBleHrle
lorr{qecKofi
caaauro;
.
802.3
-
^oKalbHas cerb c MeroAoM
Aocryfla
CSN{A/CD
la roro-
aorraefi
(urrlHa>
(Ethernet)
;
.
802.4
-
AoKalbHarr cerb c
rorrolorr4eri
<urusa>
lr viapKepgbrM
AOCTyIIOM;
.
802.5
-
.|roKa^bHafl ceTb c Torro^oru efi
<xorrlqo>
I4 MapKeplrblM
AOCrynoM;
.
802.6
-
ropoAcKat
cerb
(Metropolitan
Area Network, MAN);
.
842,7
-
urvpoKoBelqarelbuafl
Texuolorlafl;
.
802.8
-
orrroBoloKoHHafl
TexHolorut;
.
802,9
-
r,rnTerprapoBalrHbre cerr c Bo3Mo)r(Hocrbro
nepeAaqu
peqllI
r,r
AaHHbrx;
.
802.10
-
6egonacnocrr cereli;
.
802.1I
-
6ecnpoBoAgirr
cerb;
'
802.12
-
rloxa"lr.r,Hafl
cerb
c
qeHTpaAr.r3oBaHHhrM
ylpaB
eHIteM
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rro [puopr,rreraM 3anpocoB ]r ronoloruett
(3Be3A,a)),
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pflAoM
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pasnoo6pa3r4eM
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cerei
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o 6oauuoe
qprclo
pa3lJ4rrHbrx
rrporoKoloB. Hau6orree
rurapoKo
pacnpocrpaHeuHbrMr4
fl Bl.arorcfl nporoKolll,
pa3pa6orannble
M.a
cern
ARPANET ra flpr4Meuqerubre B rrr,o6aarsoi ceru I4urepHet,
rrporoKolbr orKpbrrbrx crrcreM
Mex4yHapo4uofi opraHu3arluu uo craH-
Aaprr.r3arlrru
(ISO
-
International Standard Organization),
upororolsr
Me:r4ynapoAHoro releKoMMyHuKar{,r{oHHoro coIo3a
(international
Telecommunication Union
-
ITU,
paHee
Ha3brBaBrueroca CCITT)
u
rrporoKolbl Irlncruryra
HH)KeHepoB rro
3leKTporexH]lKe
H
gAeKTpoHr4-
xe
(IEEE
-
Institute of
Electrical
and
Electronics Engineers).
448
Cyrqecrnyer HecKolbKo
craHAaprHux ua6opon
(uasrraaeurrx
cre-
xarr,rra)
[poroKo oB, rrolf{nBrrnrx cerYr.rac nan6orree
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B.2l
l27l:
r
Ha6op rporoKo^oB ISO/OSI;
.
IBM System Network
Architecture
(Sl'{A);
'
Digital DECnet;
.
Novell NetWare;
I
Ha6op uporoKoloB rrro6a;trnoti cetH
l,lHtepHet, TCP/lP.
Ta6^uqa 8.2
Coornercrsue
ocHoBHbrx creKon nporoKoioB MoAelrr
ISO/OSI
Houep VponeHr
MOAenr{
osI
Crer
nporoxoloa
yPu6d
IBM/Microsoft TCP/rP Novell
rso/osr
1
flplrr.iralnori
SMB Telnet, FTB
SNMq
SMTq
www
NCq SAP x.400, x.500,
FTAM
o
flpeAcran.lrennr
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SNMP,
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www
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flporoxo.rr
npe,[craB,leHHrl
OSI
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NetBIOS
TCP NCB
SAP
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NetBIOS TCP SPX TpancnoprHufi
rrpororo,r OSI
c
Cereaori
IP, RIP,
OSPF
IPX, RIB
NLSP
ES.ES, IS-IS
Kauanunuii Ethernet,
Token
Ring, FDDI,
Fast Ethernet,
slrq 100vG-
AnyLAN,
x.25,.{TM,
LAP.B,
LAP.D,
PPP
Ethernet,
'Iioken
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FDDI, Fast
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LAP-D,
PPP
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Ring,
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SI-IR
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LAP-D,
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Ring,
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100VG-AnyLAN,
X.25, ATM,
LAP.B, LAP-D,
PPP
Orranqecrcui;i
MeaHr,lfi xa6e.nr, orrruqecKoe BoJroKHo
29
r-zto
445
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xounynu{ctl
uoHHAtx
npomoxoaoB
-
raepapxllqecKl4
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M.s
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-
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y3AoB
B Cerl,l.
Crex
nporoKoloB
ISO/OSI. Cran4aprusaqnrl
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-
o.d,Ho
Lr3 BOKHeftTUHX
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g
o6-
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u
OSI.
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-
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oAHll
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xopouro
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Ethernet,
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u HeKoropble.lipy-
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B
pa3ILIYHbIX
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B
nporuao[o^or<Hocrb
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sce creKu
pa6otaror
uo cBoIaM
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He
coorBercrByror
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Ha
ypoBHI,I,
B
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c
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cTeKoB
nporoxorroa
[27].
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b OSI
u creK
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ISO/OSI.
Mo4eas orpeA,elter
KoHllerryalbuo
cxeMy
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orKpbrrblx
c[IcreM,
a creK
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cnequQuxaqufi
upotoKoAoB.
B orau'rI4e
orApyrux
creK
ISO/OSI
nolruocrblo
coorBercrByer
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u BKlror{aer
a ce6s
cuequ$uxaqnl{
uporoKoloB
p4t
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uporoKolbl
rao6aannrrx
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reli X.25,
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u
4p.
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a
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crarp,apr'
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gasrdCr,rrubrft
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pa3^xtlHblx IIpOH3Bo4zterrefi
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xa
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SLIP,
PPP,
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ATM
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u TCP,
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n
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ra
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B
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asauuop,eicrBytor
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c
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c
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pocr
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TCP/IP
B 3HatrlrTe^bnori
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BhrTecHsIOT
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451
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IPX/SPX
KoMnaHHlI Novell, Heo6xo4ranuri
44a Aocryna
r
QallaoarrM
cepBepaM NetWare. Ilpoqecc
craHoBleuua creKa rrpo-
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B
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t{ro6u
orlrrqarb I{x or ceru I,lnrepner, 3Tlr cerrl Ha3brBaror
cemn-
nu TCP/IP, r{Ar4 rrpocro IP-cemnuu.
Ilporoxoa IP
(Internet
Protocol)
pa6oraer
Ha
cereBoM
ypoeHe.
3ro
4erlrarparruHuri
nporoxol, He
oplreHTr,rpoBalrHbrr-r Ha
ycraHoBleHr{e
coeAuHeHr4s. Flaxerrr IP HasbrearcTcrr raK)Ke
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pyroB
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ro cerMeHTa, Haupuuep, eclr,r KaHaA orKlror{eH
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(Transmission
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(File
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sQQexrranuurun
6yAyr
AerepMla-
HlrpoBauHbre
MeroAbl
Aocryna
K cpeAe,
nau6oaee
pacflpocrpaHeHHbl-
MU VI3
KOTOpbIX flB
9IOTC'I MapKepHble
IvIeroAbI
Aocryna.
MaprepHue
MeroAbI
ocHoBaHbt
Ha rlepeAase
uolHoMoqnfi na ue-
peAarry oAHoMy
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c
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cneqltdAbHolo HH(popMa-
r.tr{oHHoro
o6texta,
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MapKepoM.
Ilycrr,
HaflplrMep,
ysau ceru
A, B, C,
I) uMeror
oAHoHanpaBIeHHoe
AByxTOiIerIHoe
TIOAKAIOqeHHe
K
cpeAe
qepe3
IIOpTbI npuer*la
(R
-
Reciever)
u repeAaqu
(T
-
Transmitter)
(puc.
8.35).
457