Акулов О.А., Медведев Н.В. Информатика. Базовый курс
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cr,rHycoHAa^bHoro
cHrHiraa,
Ilplt
KoTopbtx 3ToT
cr{rHal rrepeAaercfl rro A.rrH]rr{ cBfl3r4 6eg
gHa.rrrelsubrx
ucxax<enuri,
L[IupuHa no^ocbr [pouycKaHr.rr Blr{rer Ha MaKcr4Ma
bHo Bo3Mo)r(-
rryro
cKopocrb
[epeAaqu
nx$opuaqufi no rryrnuu cBs3rt.
3alyxanue
-
o[peAeirercfl KaK
orHocnTelbnoe
yr{eHbuenne
aM-
nlr,rryAbr HAr,r MorrlHocTlr curHar^a npu uepeAaqe rlo
AUHLIE cBr3lr cHr-
HaAa onpeAeaennori
qacrorbr.
3aryxanue
I
o6u.rHo E3Meprercrr
n
4erln6eaax
(AE)
u Bbrrruc.lrrer-
ca
uo
Qoprrryrle:
L
=
l0 log,o
(
P",* / P"*),
rAe
P"r*
-
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crrrHala
Ha BbrxoAe
r\vrH'uui
{,
-
ruouluocrb cHrHaAa Ha BxoAe l\vrnuu.
flponycrnas
cnoco6nocrb ArHrrr
(throughpuf)
xapaxrepa3yer
MaKCT4MaIAbHO BO3MOX(HyIO CKOpOCTb rlepeAaqH.a,aHH6IX nO ]IIiVIId CB.fl-
3n r{ u3Meprercs B 6rrax B ceKyH,Ay
(6ur
/ c)
,
a raK x(e B npor.r3BoAHbrx
eAnHr4qax K6ur/c, M6ur/c, f6ur/c.
Ha
uponycxuyro
cuoco6Hocrb rrvrrrvru oKa3brBaer
BAHrHr4e
Qzsr-
qecKoe
u
lorlrqecKoe
KoAr{poBaHue.
Cuoco6
npe4cranaeHnfl
Ar{cKper-
Hofi uuSopMarlar4 B Bl{ra,e curHaloB, rrepeAaBaeMHx Ha AI,IHHIo cBq3H,
Ha3brBaercfl
Qusuvecxuu
.rrranerinrrM KoAr.rpoBaHr{eM. Or uu6panno-
ro cnoco6a Ko4rnpoBaullg 3aBI{cr{T cIreKTp curna a u coorBercrBeHHo
[po[ycKHas
cuoco6nocrb
ArrHr,ru. Taxur"r
o6pa3oM,
p;r.a
oA,Horo
r.rlrr
404
Apyroro
cuoco6a
KoALIpoBaHr{fl
J\lrrruf,
Mox(er
HMerb
pa3Hylo
npo[yc-
KHyro
cnoco6nocrr.
Ecana cururarr
ll3MeHgeTcg
TaKr
qTo
MOX(HO
pa3^Urrr{Tb ToASKO
ABa
erg
COCTOflHnn,
tO
rO6Oe
ero
LI3MeHenne
6y4er
COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
HaI{-
MeHbIIreft
eAr{HI,Iqe
unQoprrralluu
-
6vrry'
Ecng
csrua,lr'
I,I3MeHFercq
raK,
qro
Mo)KHo
pa3/\nlaTb 6oaee,apyx
co-
grognufi,
TO lro6oe
eft)
I,r3MeHeHLre
HeceT
HecKo
bKo 6rr
uH$opr"raqrtu.
Ko.Araqecrso
nsMeHelruft
znQopuaquoHHoro
napaMerpa
Hecyu{ero
xoae6anus
(uepuo4n.recKoro
clrrH€rla)
a
cexyn4yu3MepfieTcfl
s 6oAax.
llpouycxuas
cuoco6nocrb
IIHr'Ill
s 6[rax
B ceKyHAy
B
o6ulenr
cay-
arae
He COB[aAaeT
C
qHC
OM
6O4.
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MO)KeT
6rrtS
rax BbIIIIe'
TaK
I'1
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6o4,
n 3TO
COOTHOTUeHITe
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oT
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nug.
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r{Meer
6orree
AByx
pa3lr{rprMbrx
cocroxuuri,
To npo-
[rrycKnatn
cuoco6Hoctus
6ur/c
6y4et
BbIIue,
ver'r
uucao 6o4'
Hanpnlurep,
e cAIl
u tt$opuaq
r4oHHbIMr{
napaMerpaM}I
fi B.lrtrorcfl
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u aMnll{ryAa
cI,IHycoI{AbI,
nprlrleM
pa3luualoT 4 coCtonnux
Sasrt
(0,
90,
lB0
u 270)
LI
ABa
3HaqeHI4s
aMrllrftryAbl,
ro nu$opmaquoHnuft
curHa
HMeer
BoceMb
pa3AHtrIlMbIx coctoqHnfi,
B etou
clyqae
MoAeM'
pa6oraroulufi
co cxopocrrro
2400
6o4
(c
rarrogoti'racroroft
2400
fq)'
nepeAaer
nH$opruaqrarc
co cKopocrrro
7200 6ur/c,
TaK
KaK npH
oA-
HoM
H3MeHeHnH
cI4rHaAa
nepeAaercs
tpu 6nta
nH$opuaquu'
ll
pu
r,rcuo,n-s3
o BaHr{
H Clrf
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c
AByMfl
pa3^I{q HbIMI4
C O CTOfi
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MO)KeT
ua6.lro4arrcx
o6paruar
KapTHHa.
3ro
npoucxoAl{T,
KOIAa
A
-fi
HaAe)KHoro
pac[o3HaBaHuf
npI'IeMHHKoM
uHSopr'laqrau
rax45Ift
6ur
Bnoc
eAoBaTeAbHocTI,IKoAHpyeTc'cuoMolllbloHecKo^}KHxI43MeHe-
unri
r-rHQopMaIlpIoHHoro
[apaMerpa
Hecyulero
craruala.
Hanpulrep,
npr4
KoMpoBaHHl{
eMHr4rIHOfO
3HarIeHI,If
6nta
nunyar-
coM
frolo)Kr4Te^tHori
rro^-rrpHocTH,
a
Ho^eBoro
3HaqeHug
6uta
-
rau-
Iry^bcoM
oTpl{r{aTe/\bnori
uoa-apHocTl{,
cr{rHa
ABa)IqbI
MeHfleT
cBoe
cocTogHr.re
npu
[epeAaqe
Kax(A,Oro
6ura.
llpu
TaKo]{
cnoco6e
KoM-
poBaHurl [ponycKHag
cuoco6nocTb
r\yrl1^uu
B
ABa
pa3a HfirKer
IIeM qI4C-
ao 6o4,
rrepeAaBaeMoe
rlo
raHI{I4.
Ha
uponycxnyro
cuoco6HocTb
oKa3brBaeT
BAI,lflHI4e
OII'IqeCKOe
KO-
MpoBaHlre,
KoTOpOe
Bbr[o^HseTca
4o
susuvecKoro
u [oApa3yl{eBaeT
3aMeHy
6ur
ucxo4nofi
unsopr"raqrau
xoaori
noc
eAoBaTeAsHoctu
6ut,
necyr_qeli
ry
xe
raHQoprrlarluro,
no o6rragaroulei
npu 3TOM
AoIIoJ\HIrre,ts-
HbrMH
cgorlcrsaN{I,I
(o6Haplarurarolql'Ie
xo4p,
urn$poeaHue)'
llpu erou
ucKilKeHHarI
[oc^eAoBaTel-bHocTb
6ut
gaueggercs
6o-
Aee
Mr4HHofi
nocrreAosarelsHocrbro'
nogroMy
upo[ycKHaR
cnoco6-
HOCTb
KaHaI/la
ylueHbulaeTcfi
.
405
B o6u1eu clyqae
cBr3b
Mexqy noaocorl npouycKaHufl, I\vrrrvlfivr ee
MaKCHMaAbHO
BO3MO)KHOft
npOnyCXHOri CIOCO6HOCIHO O[peAe^ser-
cfl coorxourenueM
(8.25).
Hs
groro
coorHoureHr4fl
cleAyer,
qro
xorff TeopernqecKoro
flpeAe-
,ra
yBellrrrenrrfl rrpouycxnori cnoco6noctu
,rrrHldlr
(c
$uxcupoaaHHofi
uorrocorl flporycKaHna)
Her, Ha
rpaKTuKe raxoft [peAe^ cyulecrByer.
flosbrcurr
uponycKnylo cuoco6nocrb
t\lrrruu Mox(Ho,
yBe
r4aluB MoIrI-
Hocrb nepeAarquKa
I,IAI{
yMeubluafl
MoulHocrb noMex. O4naxo
yBeA}I-
qeHile
MorrlHocrlr [epeAarrrr4Ka
rrp]rBogT K
pocry
ero ra6apnroa
]I
cro-
rrMocrr4, a
yMeHbueHne
luyMa
rpe6yet npI{MeHeHI{ff cnequillbuhlx
xa6eaeri c
xoporunMn 3arrlr4THbrMr4
gKpaHaMu
Ii cHI,I)KeHHr
luyMa B
anuaparype cBff3n.
Er"mocrr ranala
[peAcras ter co6orl MaKcuMa^b]rylo
Be,'rnql4rry cKo-
pocrrl.
t{ro6u
4ocrlrftryrb
raKofi cxopoctn nepe.agqn, unSopr"raqut
AoA-
)KHa 6Lrrb
3aKogpoBana
Hau6orr.ee e$$exnanuuu o6pasou. Yraepx<4e-
Hr4e,
lrro
raKoe KoppoBaHue
Bo3Mo)KHo, ffB .aercg
suKHel:uruM
pe3y
b-
TaroM cogAoHuor:r
Lllennonou
reopnr uHQopruaqnu. Lllennon
AoKa3a^
upr.rHrlnuua brryrc Bo3Mox(Hocrb
raKoro sQSexruauoro KoMpoBaHlrrI,
He onpeAe
xB,
oArraKo,
KoHKperHbIx
rryrerl
eFo
peaan3aquu. (Orueruu,
rITO
Ha [paKTnKe
r4pKeHepbl
llacro roBopflT
o
eMKocTr,I KaHaIAa, noApa3y-
MeBaur rroA
grnM
pealbrylo,
a
He noreHllualblryro cKopocrb nepe4avu.)
9$SexrznHocrb
clrcreM cBr3r{
xapaKTeplr3yerct
napaMerpoM,
paB-
HbrM
cKopocrl{
uepeAaqLr uHSopuaqru R na eMHI4IIy
IIlIapr,IHbI no^ochl
.E, r.
e. MF.
At\fl
r.r^
rocrpaqr4r.r cyulecrBylorrlfix
Bo3Mot(Hocrei ro co-
3AOHHro sQ$exruanbrx
cucreM cBfl3l4
Ha
puc.8.l2
npIlBeAeHbI
rpa$uru
3aBr{c}rMocru
sQQerrnaHocrr4
[epeAaqn uHSopuaqEI,I
rrpr,r
pa3lr4rrHblx
Br.rAax M-a.ruoli
4ncrpernoft
aMIIAT{ryAHori,
.racrornofi
u
$aaoaori
rrlo-
Aylrrllrn
(xporrre
6unapnoti
tr,to4yrrrlluu litcrrolb3yercr raKr(e MoAy .aqnt
c
4,8, 16 H
AOKe
c 32
noaoxrenfiflMu MorqyrurpyeMoro
ilapaMerpa) or or-
HorrreHr.rt 3Heprr4rr
oAr{oro 6rata r cueKTpansHori
naornocTl4 MouIHocTLr
uryMa
(Eo/No).
.A4a
cparHeHr{ff
rroKa3aHa raK)Ke rpaHr4r{a LLIennoHa.
CpaaueHue
Kpr{Bbrx
rroKaghrBaer, B
qacrHocr]t,
qro
Hau6oaee sQ-
SexrnaHofi
oKa3brBaercrr
nepeAaqa c
$asoaofi
4ucxpernoti
Mo,qy .a-
qr,refi
,
oAHaKo
[pI,I HeI{3MeHHoM orHorueulrr{ cr.rrHal-ulyM
nan6oaee
rony -ffpHbri ara4 r',ro4ya-aqun
4<DMn B TpH
pa3a
xyx(e noreHI{I{aIbHo
AOCTUX(r4MOrO.
,f,ocronepncrb
flepeAarrr{
AaHHbIx
xapaKTepI,I3yer BeposrHocrb
rrc-
Kax(eHnff
A^r
KaxAoro
[epeAaBaeMoro 6ura
4anHux.
noKa3are^eM
AocroBepuocrr,r
ffBrrsercs BepoflTnocru orura6o.ruoro npneMa
ux$op-
MarIHoHHoro cuMBoAa
-
P^....
406
a,
F
Pnc.
8.12.
SQQerrnenocrr
qnQpoanx
crcreM
cBq3E:
1
-
rpanuqa
LLIennoHa;
2
-
M-l,r'raas
OMH;
3
-
M-nqnas
AMn;
4
-
M-nqnas
r{M}r
Be;rl{quHa
P"-
la"
KaHaJ\oB
cBff3ll
6es
4onoaHure^bHblx
cpe'd'crB
3aulnrbr
ot
o*"6-o^
"ocraB,'rer,
KaK
npaB'
o, l0-4.'.10-6.
B
orrrosoaoxoH-
Hbrx
ArlHltffx
cBfl3lr
{,
coctaarrxet
10-e'
3to
gna'Iur'
sro
npu
Po-
:
lO'n
B
cpeAHeM
ug
l0
000-bur
ucKilKaercfi
3Haqenue
o4noro
6rata'
Llcra:xenHg
6ur
npoucxoAfiT
KaK
lt3-3a
HaAI{tILtfl
IIOMeXHaJ\I4HllI4'
TaK
H r43-3a
r,rcxa:xenrnft
sopr'rsr
cr{rHa
ar
orpaHuqeHHoft
uoaocoir
[porryc-
KaHHrr
71rdglrs.
fIOstO16y
pu1t
11oBbll1reHvfl
AocToBepHocTlI
[epeA'ilBaeMblx
AaHHbIx
Heo6xo4zuo
noBbIIIIaTb
cTeIIeHb
noMexo3axluqeHH
oc7]n
t*tuuit,
a
raKtKe
llc[ols3oBarb
6oaee
ruupoKorrolocHbte
A]lHIlu
cBr3I{'
Henpeuennofi
cocrasHoi
.racTblo
rrrc6oro
KaHaAatB^-geTcfl
LvtHVI'{
cBfl3rl
-
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cpeAa'
o6ecne'rusarculat
rrocrynleHrle
cr{rua-
AoB
or
flepeAaloqero
ycrpoficrBa
K
[pIleMHoMy'
B
gaeucaMocrlI
or
cpeAbl
lrepeAaqH
AaHHbIX
J\hI:ts.VI:ld
CBfl3H
tt'Ioryr
6urr:
407
[wJl
Fq
.
flpoBoA,Hbre
(Bo3AyruHbre);
.
xa6enrrrue
(ue4nrre
r,r
BoloKoHHo-onrr,rvecxae);
!
paAr{oKaHillbr
Ha3eMnoft
u cnyrnraxogoft cBfl3a
(6ecupoeo4nue
KaHaAhr cexsu),
Ilpoao4nue
rluruvr
cBfl 3r{
[pe.t
craB,lr.aror co6ofi [polo)Ke
HHbre
Mex(Ay
onopaMr4 upoBoAa
6es
raxux-,lru6o
sxpauupyroqrx latvr vr3o-
rrr{pyrou1ux
onleroK. llorrexosauqnrrleHHocrb
u cKopocrb uepeAaqu
AaHHbrx
B
grl,Ix
Ar{Hr{flx HH3Kaq.
flo raxrau rrrnHufiM
cBff3n
flepeAalorcflr
KaK [paBr{Ao, rerresoHuue
x Te^erpa@xare
cprrHa
hr.
8.3.
1.
Ka6elbgbre l,lrLlg^vrtl
cBtr3ra
Ka6ea-sHue
J*rnvrn cBrr3rr rrpeAcraBrrflrcr
co6oli [yrroK rrpoBoAoBr
3aK
roqeHHbrx
B oAHy Lr/\Lr HecKoAbKo
3arrlr4THbrx
(3^eKTpE.recKafl,
Me-
xauuqecKaff,
3IeKTpoMarHrlTHatr u r. u.) rpy6ox.
B
coaperrreuHbrx cucreMax cBfl3u nplrMentlor
rppr ocHoBnbrx rr{na
xa6ela
[18]:
a) Ha ocuoae
cKpyqeHnhrx nap MeAHbrx rrpoBoAoB;
6) xoaxcuaarHrre
xa6e.ul c ue4uofi
>xrarrori;
r) aoaoxonHo-orrTnqecKue
xa6erru.
Crpyreuiraq fiapa upoBoAoB Ha3brBaercfl
ellrofi uapori
(twisted
patr).
CxpyrlrBaHr.re upoBoAoB
cHr{)Kaer B r.rflHHe BHeruHr.lx noMex
Ha
crrrHillbr, rrepeAaBaeMhre uo
xa6earo, Burax rrapa
KoHcrpyKTr4BHo Mo-
xer 6rrrr:
r
HeeKpaHrapooauaofi
(puc.8.13c)-Unshielded
Twisted Pair,UTP;
.
3KpaHr.rposaHnori
(puc.8.13
6)
-
Shielded Twisted Pair,
STP.
uSoneLuQ
aHeuHufr
ueHrpanbHuE
npoEoguK
ruECTrtaccoaag
o6onoqKa
6)
Puc.
8.13.
Tunu
xa6e,reri:
a)
xesrpauupoBaHHar
Bnrafi napa;
6) srpauupoaaHHar Br{Tar napa;
n) xoaxcua,runuri ra6ea.s
B
c,ry.rae
sKpanr,rpoBannori
sarofi napu STP KaxAas
H3 Br{Tbrx fiap
n oMerr{aercfl
B MeTa^Jlr4qe cK}'ro o
n^erKy-
gKpaH
.A^-ff
yMe
HbrrreHnff
r.r3
-
.rrpreHnfi
xa6ea-a, 3aII{HTbr or
BHeruHr,rx
g
eKTpoMarHaTHbrx
noMex
H
cHH)KeHrrr
B3ar,rMHoro
Brrtrflrrvrfl uap [poBoAoB
Apyr
Ha
Apyra.
Srpa-
HI4pOBaHHag
BI4Taq
napa rOpa3AO
AOpO)Ke'
qeM
HegKpaHLIpOBaHHaq,
a
upn ee
ncrrolb3oBanrau
Heo6xoA]rMo upr4MeHgrb cnellr4aabnhre
gKpa-
HLIpOBaHHbIe
pa3'beMbIr
nOSTOMy BCTpeqaeTCt OHa 3HaqI,ITeAbHO
pe)Ker
IIEM
HCSKPAHI{POBAHHAff
.
OcnosHbre
Aocror{HcrBa
He3KpaHupoBaHHbIx
BHTIIX
flap
-
npo-
crora
MoHTa)Ka
pa3'beMoB
Ha KoHrIax Ka6e
-fi, a TaKrKe
flpocrora
pe-
MoHTa rrrc6ux
[oBpexAeHufino cpaBHeHI,Irc
c
p,pyrHMH
ruuanr.r xa6e-
n-s.
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xapaKTepr.rcrl,IKl{
y
HHx xy)Ke,
tIeM
y
4pynax
xa6e-
aeli,
HaupuMep, npu sa4aunorl
cKopocrlr
flepeAaqu 3aryxanr{e
cnrHa-
.ra
(yuenrureHue
ero
)rpoBnr
rro Mepe upoxo)KAeHI,Is
no
xa6errro)
y
nux
6otrsute,
qeM
y
KoaKcrlalbHux ra6eaetl,
rrogroMy lrltHxlr
cBfl3rl Ha oc-
HOBe BUTbTX
Uap, KaK npaBrir^o,
AoBo
bHo KoporKlre
(o6ur.rHo
B npeAe-
rrax
100 rnr). B Hacrorrildee
BpeMfl Br{Tafl napa
ncnolb3yercq
Mlr
nepe-
4avn
uuSopMar{r.ru
Ha
cKopocrxx
p,o
100
M6ur/
c
(ae4yrcx
pa6oru
no
[oBbrrrrenr.rro
cKopocrr{
uepeAarru
4o
1000 M6ur/cl .
Paganrqarcr ceMb
Kareropr.rfi xa6errefi
na
ocnose
HegKpaHr,rpoBaH-
nofi suroft napu
(UTP):
.
xa6elr rareropuu
I
-
sro o6rr.rrul
rerreSoHnrrrl
na6ear
(napur
npoBoAoB
He anrue), no KoropoMy
Mox(Ho nepeAaBarb
rolsKo
peqb;
.
xa6errr
Kareropnr{
2
-
gro
xa6ear
LI3 Brrrblx nap
Aa-fi
nepeAaqpr
AaHHbrx
B
no^oce
qacror
ao
I Mfq;
.
Ka6elb
Kareroplrlit 3
-
gro
ra6e,irr
A.lrg
flepeAatu,r
A,aHHhrx
B no-
rroce
lracror
4o
16 Mfr{, cocrotuluh
Id3
Burbrx
nap
c
A\eBsrbro
BHTKaMn
npOBoAOB Ha MeTp
Mr,IHhI;
.
ra6ear Kareropr4l,r
4
-
gro
xa6ean,
nepeAarolrluri
4anHrre
e uo-
Aoce
qacror
ao
20 Mfq;
.
Ka6elr
Kareropr{I{ 5
-
calruft coBeplrreHHuIi
xa6err,r
B Hacrofl-
rrlee BpeMfl,
paccrlr.ITaHnrrri
na uepeAaqy
AaHHbIx
B rroloce
trac-
Tor
Ao
100
Mfq. Cocronr
r{3 B}rrblx rrap,
IilMeroqux
ne
uenee 27
Br,rrKoB
Ha Merp
,a4IIHII
(B
aurxoa sa
Syr);
.
ra6elr
Kareropuu 6
-
uepcnerrrasHblli
tnu
xa6e,rr-s
.A^s
[epe-
A,aqr4 AaHHbrx
B rroloce
qacror
ao
200
Mfq;
.
xa6ear
Kareropr4ra
7
-
nepcuexrngHblfi
trrn xa6eas
M-ff
nepe-
Aarrn AaHHbrx
B uoloce
qacror
ao
600
M|II.
nSomtun
(----^,
I
{tw
I\W
\/ v/ \
\
gdulnfHas
ueanufr
ObnOqKA
nPOBOATIUK
a)
o6onoqKa
408
409
IlorrHoe
BorrxoBoe
conporllBlenue
xa6eaefi rareropuh3,
4u 5 co'
craBlrer
100
Oru
+15%
B
qacrorHoM
Mara3oHe
or
qacrorbl
I Mfq
ao
MaKCr4rMa
bHofi
.racrorbr
xa6ea.s.
(Borrnoaoe
coIIpor[IB
eHHe
3KpaHrr-
poaaHHorl
sutoli napn STP
paBHo
150 Ou
*.
l5o/o)
Bropor:r
saJKHeftruuli
flapaMerp
ra6errs
-
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Hlre curHala,
nepeAaBaeMoro
uo ra6eano,
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pa3nblx
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ra6eaeri
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ocuoBe
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nap 3Ta
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orleHb 3Haqurelrbua
-
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paccroffHl{tx
(uopx4xa
coreH
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cnrHalroc-
aa6a-sercs
B
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n
corHl{
pa3.
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aax(Hblfi
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lo6oro ra6eas
-
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pacupo-
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T. e. 3aAep)KKa
pacupocrpaHeHlts cur-
Harla
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Ha eAI4HI,Iqy
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6oauunncrBa
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xa6erreft
cocranlser
5 nclu,
KoarcnaanHrrfi
ra6ear
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ll
co-
cror4T
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(qenrparr,rHurfi upono4Hux)
N
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3KpaHa,
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or
[poBo]dtHl{Ka
c^oeM
I43oASI{I{I4.
llpuueHxercs
raK)Ke
BHeIrIHsfl 3alrlurHafl
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(puc.
8. 13 a).
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ra6errr
o6rraAaer
6oaee
eblcoxoft
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rqeHHocrbro
(6rraro4apr
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uqecxoi ourrerxe),
ararure
6orree
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coKrrMI{,
aIeM
B
c^yqae
surol:t napbl,
AonycrIrMbIM}I
cKopocrtMu
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peAarru
AaHHbIx
(ao
500
M6ur/cl
ra
6orrrruuuu
Aonycrl'IMblMlr
pac-
crorHllrMrr
uepeAaqn
(4o
xurrouerpa
v
BbIIre). K ueuy
rpyAHee
Me-
xaHr{qecKu
IIoAK/tloqr4Tbcfl
A^Jr
HecaHKIIHOH]rpOBaHHOrO
npOCAyIIII4-
BaHr{ff cerl{r
oH TaK)Ke
rd,aer
3aMeTHo
MeHbIIre S
eKTpOMaTHIdTHbIX
usrryreuuli
BoBHe.
Cyule
crayer
rl,Ba
ocH oB
HbIx
ru rla KoaKcId
allbHoro
ra6elg :
.
roHruft
(ffttn),
auerot4uri
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oKo^o
0,5 cu,
6oaee
tu6xuit;
.
tolcruri
(thickl,
uueroult'Iti
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oKolo
I cu, 3Havrare^bHo
6oaee xtecrxufi,
On
npe4craBlger
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accl{arecKuft
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yr(e
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xa6erreu.
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xa6ear
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44-u
[epeAaqu
Ha
MeHbIuI4e
paccror-
HLII,
qeM
roacrrtti,
TaK KaK B
HeM CHTHarr
3arrxaeT
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B Ko-
aKcr{a
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5 nclu,
a
A^5
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4,5 uc/u.
B Hacroru4ee
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qro
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pel,
B 6oaruruncrBe
clfyraeB
ero BrroAHe
Mo)Ker
3aMeHlrrb
BIlTafl [apa
r{ILr ouroBoaoxonHuri
xa6ear.
410
BoaoxoHno-ofiTr,rtrecKuri
ra6ear
(op
tical fiber)
cocror.rr rr3 rIeHT-
pirabHoro
[poBoAH[IKa
cBeTa
-
cTeK flHHOTO
BO/1OKHa,
OKpyr(eHHOrO
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c^oeM cTeK a
-
O6OaO.rxoft, o6rra4arcrqeri uenHuuM
[oKa3a-
TeleM [peloMleHrdrr
qeM
cepdirleB[Ha
(puc.
8. 1 4).
Crernnxxac
Llexrpaauxoe
o6ono.{xa
BonoKHo
BHeurHcn
o6onoqxa
Pnc. 8.14. Crpyxrypa
orrroBoloKoHHoro xa6el-a
PacupocrpaHrffcb
no cepAqeBrrxe,
^fru cBera, orpa)<ascb
or o6o-
AoqKH, He Bhrxo4xT Lr3 rleHTpalbHoro
[poBoAHHKa. B
ganuculrocrr,r
or
pacnpe.d,e^eHHfl
IIoKa3aTe^t
upeAoMAeHI{g lr
oT
BelI4q?IHbI
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cepAeqHr4Ka
pa3^llqaroT:
r
MHOTOMOAOBOe BO^OKHO
CO CI)[IeHqaTbIM LI3MeHeHI{eM
IIOKa3a-
relr npeloMleur{fl
(pHc,
8. 15 o);
.
MHOTOMOAOBOe
BOAOKHO C UAaBHbIM H3MeHeHHeM
[OKa3aTeAt
rpeloMleHut
(puc.
B.15 6);
.
oAHoMoAoBoe
Bo^oKHo
(puc.
8.15 r).
Honsrue
(MoAa)
olrrcbrBaer
pexclM pacupocrpaHeHnrr
cBeroBbrx
ayreri Bo BHyrpeHHeM
cepAerrnuxe ra6ea-s.
B
o4Houo4osoM xa6e.re
(Single
Mode Fiber,
SMF
)
ucnoareyerct
rleHTpirlbHhrft upoao4HuK
oqeHb Maloro
AlraMerpa,
cor{3MepuMoro c
p7r.rauofi
BoAHbr
cBera
-
5...l0
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cBera
pacupocrpanqrorcfl
BAorrs
onrrrecxofi ocr{ cBeroBoAa, He
orpa-
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oAHoMoAoBo-
ro xa6ea.s
Aocrr4raer
corea ffq Ha KllrloMerp.
B nxorouo4oabrx
xa6el-rx
(Multi
Mode Fiber,
MMF)
npurueHxror-
cg 6o"lee
urupoKne BHyrpeuHne
cepAeqHr,rKl{, Koropbre ,rerare r43roro-
B}ITb TEXHO
OTHqECKTll.
Hau6
orre e
ynorpe6HrelbHbr
Mr{
fl
Blrrorcs
MnoroMoAosbre ra6e.lrfi
c
Ar{aMerpaMrd
qeHTptrlbHoro
r4 tsHeruHero upoBoAHr{Ka: 62,5/ 125 vrxlt
u
50/125
MKM
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4tl
Prc, 8.15.
Tllnr,r onr:r'rqecKnx
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a)
UnOrOrr,rO6OBOe
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noKa3aTe7rq
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eHl1t;
6)
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c n/IaBHbIM
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q
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pa3HbIMA
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B ltrorolroAoablx
ra6elflx
c nAaBHbIM
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ros$$uquen-
Ta IIpeAoM.|leHI'Ifl
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. .800 Mfq/xrur.
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no-
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a raK)Ke
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1550
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B BoAoKHax
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4artHoIi
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or 1
4o
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B HeBuALIr"rofr'racru
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or 0,4
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0,7
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qner).
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KoHrIe J*rnurvr clrrHillbr
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orur.r6ox
qacro
[p]rMeHrerct floMexoycrotZ.rlrsoe
KoAr4poBaHse.
Ilpe4earuare
paccroffHvrs.
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nepeAarrr{
AaHHbrx
no Bo oKoHHo-
o[TrzqecKuM
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{6es
petpaucasqun)
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A.aercrr Ha ocHoBe
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aorur
(pa4ao-
norrH). Han6orree ocsoeHHblli
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H HaxoAr4Tcfl B upe-
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noaefi.
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no t on-
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I{ KpyroByro
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pr.r3oHTa^bHofi
u uepruxaablroi
(ourocrarearuo
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a KpyroBat
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pacupocTpaHeHl{t Bo/\Hbr.
PacnpocrpaHeHr,re
paAnoBo
Hbr olpeAelserct
Ha[pae eHI4eM BeK-
+ +-)
ropa llofinrunra II
=
Ex H
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pac[pocrpaHeHr{r{ B Heo.d,HopoAHofr cpeAe;
.
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ms
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C
pa3MepaMl{
npeIIgTCTBlIfi
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IIo oco6enHocrfl
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pacnpocrpaueH!,Is B
pa3AJ,IqHbIx
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B coot-
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peKo
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(MKKP)
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paALIoBo^H (ra6,r.
8.1),
413
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lpauuuu
AI,IAIIA3OHA
AnanasoH
qacror
oHr{
(vLF)
Mnpuauerponue 100-10
xu
3...30
rlu
Hrr
(LF)
Kn,rouerponue 10-l ru 30...300 xfu
cq
(MF)
lerrouerpoaue 1000-100
v
300...3000
rlu
Bq
(HF)
[ercauerpooule
100-10 t"t 3...30 MIU
oBr{
(vHF)
Merponue
10-l u
30...300
Mfu
vBr{, vKB
(uHF)
.Ileunuerponue
100-10 c-r 300...3000 Mfu
cBr{
(sHF)
Canrnuerponue
10-1 cu 3...30 fru
KBr{
(EHF)
Mnrnrrr{erpogHe 10-1 uu 30...300 IIU
CyulecraenHoe
BlllrHlre Ha
pacnpocrpaneur{e parli}roBo
rr oKa3br-
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a)
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rpouoc$epa r{ BepxHfir
-
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Pa4uoroanu,
paclpocrpanfl
rculraecs
BAoAb floBepxHocrr.r
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3er'tratr
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ra6srre HepoBHocrr.r.
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noBTopter npoQrErrr
Pnc.
8.16. 3ennas
paAr.roBolua
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u arr'locsepol:r 3euau
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-
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pacnpocTpa-
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paAr{OBOAHbr,
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KO-
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200-400 r'r.
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pac[pocrpaHrrouluecfl
a aruocQepe 3eurru H 3a ee
rrpeAe^aMH, rAe HeT
pe3Ko
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rpaHLrII
pa3Aela,
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npocrpaHcrBeHHbrMr,r.
Hpnseunyro o6aacrr arrnrocQepat,
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xrvr,
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KaK no Bblcore, TaK LI
BAo,rb
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4t4
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u
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puc.
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a rponocQepe.
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furxHa
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papproBolr{
He
npe-
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O6aacrr arr'roc$eprr,
pacrrolox(enHyrc
Bbrrrre 60 xr"r u flpocrr{parc-
qyrocr
ao
20000 KMr Ha3brBatot
uonocQepori.
3ra BecbMa
pa3perKeH-
nas o6aacrs coAep)Klrr 3uaqr,rrelbHoe
Ko,lruqecrso cao6o4nbrx sireKT-
pouoB
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pacnpocTpaHeHlre
paAlIoBoAH.
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p.
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u ocaa6a-uer ux. IrlcrpHB/reHrlre
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a uonocQepe HHorA,a oKa3hlBaercfl cro^b
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puc.
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norasanbl Bo3Mox(Hbre xapaK-
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Br,rAbr rpaexroputi
pa4raoBolH, pac[pocrpaatroulrxcfl
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r{
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