crre,4yer
oTMeTI,ITb,
rITo
B noc^e,a,Hlrx
pa3pa6otxax
xolrnaHrara Infe,l
(uueercx
B BrrAy
Pentium
I1 u uocrre4yrou{ne noKoleH}rff), a raK)r(e
ee
nocle.d,oBarerreri-xonrypenToB
(AMD
K6,
Cyrix M|, NexGen Nx686
14
Ap.)
ruupoKo r{cnols3yrorcs }rA,er{,
pearard3oBaHHbre
B
RlSC-rvruxpo-
npoqeccopax, TaK
rrro
Muorr{e
pa3llrqnr
Mexq,y CISC u R/SC
crupa-
rorcff. O4naro clox(Hocrb apxr{TeKrypbr rr crdcreMbr KoMaHA xB6
ocra-
eTcg u
fl
B,/\fl
eTcf
rAaBHbrM
$axro
porr,r,
orpaHuqn
Baro uIr{M npoI,I3BoAr4
-
TeA-bHOCTb [pOqeCCOpOB Ha
ee
OCHOBe.
6,6.2. O csoBu bre
xap
ax:r epuc:rnKra
Mn
Kpo
npo
geccopoB,
,rcrroab3yeMbrx B
IIOBM
llepaufi Mr{Kporpoqeccop 6H,r sbrnyrqeu s l97l r.
$upuoli
Infel
(CtlIA)
-
4-paspn4H,u'ir Intel 4004. B Hacroflulee BpeMfl BbrnycKaercrr
HecKoAbKo coTeH
pa3^fiqHbrx
Mr.rKporrpoqeccopoB, Ho
cpeM Mr{Kpo-
npoqeccopoB, ncno^b3yeMbrx
s n3BM, Hara6olee norryl-flpHbrMrr rB-
^.rrrorcs MuKpolpoqeccopbr ceMeftcrsa xB6.
KoncrpyxrrnBHo coBpeMennuft Mr.rKpoflpoqeccop npeAcraBl-rer
co-
6orl caepx6olbrrryrc
HHTerpa br{ylo
cxeMyr
pea
H3oBaHHym Ha oArroM
[oly[poBoAr{r4KoBoM
Kplrcral e
-
ronxori rr
acrHHKe Kpr,rcrar .lrr{qec-
Koro KpeMnraq npffMoyroarnoft
Qopuu
nlorr{aAbro Bcero HecKoAbKo
KBaAparHbrx Mr,r
lr,rMerpos.
Ha Heli
paaueqeHbr
cxeMbr,
pealr.r3yroque
ece
$yHrquE
npoqeccopa.
Kplcran
-n
acrEHKa o6sr.rHo noMeulaerct
B rrlacrMaccogbrrl uNa KepaMlrqecKrafi n,rocxrlfi Kopflyc r{ coeAxHflercfl
3OlOThrMn
BbTBOAaMLT
C
MeTa
JrfiqeCKHMH
ruTbrpbKaMr{,.rtO6U
ero
MO)K-
uo 6urao [pEcoeMHr{Tb K cr,rcreMHoft rr^are KoM[brorepa.
C
sHeunrlr{z
ycrporlcrBaMu,
r{ B flepByro oqepeAb
c oueparrrBuofi
[aMflTbro, upoqeccop cBfl 3aH HecKo bKHMr{ rpyulaMu upoBoAHr,rKoB,
Ha3brBaeMblx IlI,rHaMlr, ocHosHhlx lIIrtH TpLt: urI,IHa
AaHHbrxr
aAFecHiIg
IUI,IHA I,I KOMAHAHA'I IIIHHA.
A4pecnae uruua. Y 6oaHuuncrsa coBpeMeHHbD( rrpoqeccopoB a.d,pec-
nag uruna 32-pa3pEAHaJr, T. e. cocrordr
ug
32
[apa/\
elbnrm luHzft. B sasu-
cr{Mocrl4 oT Tot\), ecTb Hanpff)KeHne Ha KaKoit-ro ms ,.vntnti ualt uet, rouo-
pflT,
t{To
Ha
grror:r
,rtlrHr{H BbrcraB./reHa eAtrurrqa rllrd HoA.b. Korr,r6uHaqina us
32 norreli u epur,rq o6pasyer 32-paspr4nurl a4pec,
yKa3brBaroqurl
Ha
oAHy u3
flqeeK o[eparHBHori
rraMflTr{. K ueri u noArNoqaercff npoqeccop
.A^fl
KOnlIpOBaHr,rff
AaHHbrX
r,r3 ffqeriKr4
B
oAI{H
r{3
CBOHX
pen{CTpOB.
Ilhura
AaHHbrx.
IIo
grofi
ruuHe [poacxoAr{T Ko[upoBaHue
AaHHhrx
H3
oueparuBHori
[aMflTrr B
peu4crpbr
npoqeccopa u o6parHo. B xorvr-
[brorepax, co6paHHrrx Ha 6a3e
upoqeccopos Intel Pentium, ruanaAaH-
nurx 64-paapflAHafl, T,
e.
cocrolrt us 64 Juur:,uilr, no KorophrM 3a o4raH
pa3
Ha o6pa6orxy rocrynaror cpa3y B 6aliroe.
328
IIIuna
KoMaHA,.
B 6O
HUrncTBe
coBpeMeHHbrx
rrpoqeccopoB
rrruHa
KoMaHA
32-paspa4Hafi
,
xorfl cyulecrBylor
64-paspx4Hble
rrpoqeccopbl
r4
Airx(e
I 28-paspaAHue.
B npoqeccopax
ceueftctea
xB6
pa3luqalor
pea
bHbllir salrlilu{eH-
nuri
u BprpryalbHblft
pexuuu
pa6oru.
Peatrnufr
pul<uM
coorBercrByer
Bo3Mor(HocrrM
nepBblx
[poqec-
copoB
8086,/8088,
LIMeIou{ux
20
paepx4nylo aApecHylo
ur}rHy'
no3Bo-
lr.ffn
aApecotsarb
He 6oaee
I
M6arit
(220)
uar'utx.
t{ro6rr
nogepx(arb
coBMecTr{MocTb
c
paHee
paspa6oranHbrMn
nporpaMMaMl4,
BCe
IIOCAe-
Ayroque
upoqec
c o
pbl
n oAAepx(I4BaIor
pealrnufi
pe)KI4M,
ncllo./\b3yt
npl{ 3TO
M C
B OI'I
MIItHI'tMa
bHbIe
BO3MOX(HOCTI{.
3au4uu,ennufr
pex<uu
noflBI'I
crI
B[epBbre
a Mn 80286.
B stou
pe-
)KUMe
r
eC;rU
$NSUUeCKarr
rraMtTb
no71fl
ocTbro
3arpyrKegar
(
He[oMecTI{B-
ruuecff>
AaHHbIe
MII
pacuorraraer
Ha Br'IHqecrepe'
[Ipu etou
ou
pa6o-
TaeTHecpe€IAbHbIMH'acBI,IpTy.IAbHbIMIaaApecaMl{'KoTopble}mpaB^'.
roTcfl
qepe3
cuerlr{allbgbre
Ta6711rrlbr,
c
TeM
qro6br
HHSOpMaIIEIO
MO)KHO
6rno
xairu
(uara
cnoaa
sanncars).
3ry
ualrarr
Ha3brBaIoT
eu{e
BHpTy-
a^bHofi
llaMffTblo,
TaK
KaK
Qaxru'recxu
oHa
He cyulecrByer.
Kpoue
roro,
B 3auluu{eHHoM
pex(rrMe BoSMox(Ha
rIoMep)KKa
Mylrb-
Tr43aAaqHoro
pe)KHMa. flpu
srOu
CPU
rrrox<et
BbIIIo;1r1flTb
pa371nqHble
[porpaMMblBBbIAeAeHHbIeKBaHTbIBpeMeHI{'BbIIIaAaIouIueHaK.DK.
Ayro
LI3
UpOrpaMM
(norrrsoaarej\ro
)Ke
Ka)KeTCff,
rrTo
[porpaMMbl
BbI-
uo/\Hfl
rorcfl o4HoapeueHno).
Ha.rr,rHas
c upoqeccopa
80386
ero
apxr{reKrypa
orpeAe^.fieT
qeTbl-
pe ypoBH, nplIBr.r^err{ft
44x
sauluTbr
KoAa
r,r
AaHHbrx
cLIcTeMbI
oT
c^y-
rraIiHOrO
nln
flperl,HaMepeHgoro
]I3MeHeHI,Ig
CO CTOpOHnI
Meuee
upr-
Br41err4poBaHgoro
KOAO.
TaKoIi
MSTOA
Bbulo
IIeHufl
KoAa
Ha3bIBaIoT
Mo-
Ae
5rc 3auryrTbr
Intel.
YpoauH
rrptrBlr
ernri
sa4arorct
or
0
Ao
3.
ypoBeHb
flpr,rBu^erHfi
0,
Orae4enHutl
no4 flA'po
onepaldLroHHoft
cucreMbl,
-
petnuM
ngpa
-
MaKcI'IMiIAbnuft'
YpoaeHb
npl{BfiAernfi
3,
ur:ttJ/I
puI<uM
nOIbSOBAmeAn
-
MI4HI.IMa
bHbIIi.
Bupmyatrnart.
pexuu. Bneprrre,
HavHHaf,
c
rpoqeccopa
386'
CPU
Morfr
sMylr{poBaru
pa6ory HecKolbKlrx
npoqeccopos
8086
H
reM ca-
MbIM O6ecgeqlrTb
MHOrO[OiSSOBaTenrcrnfi
pe)KuM
TaKUM
O6pa3oM'
IITO
Ha oAHOM
fIK
rtrorrr
6rnr
ganracaHbr
oAr{oBpeMeHHO
Aa)Ke
pa3lI,I\IHbIe
Onepaqr{OHHble
CI4CTeMbI.
ECTeCTBeHHO,
yBeLusnBaeTgff
H BO3MS)KHOe
KOAHqecTBo
BbIrroAHfleMbIX
npl4^O)Kenuli.
ocnosHbrr,rI[
napaMeTpaME
npoqeccopoB
ffB^flroTcfl
:
pa6oqee
Ha-
Ilprx(eHl{e,
pa3pflAHOCTb'
pa6oqag raKToBafl
qacrorar
xos$Ququ-
eHT
BHyTpeHHero
yMHo)KeHr{g
TaKTOBOII
aIaCTOTbI
Lr
pa3Mep
K9III-
uar*lxtra
[13].
329