Акулов О.А., Медведев Н.В. Информатика. Базовый курс

trtrtrEtr

trtrtrtrtr

I

O

ITtrtr

Pnc.6.16.

Crpyrrypuo-SyHKqroHalbHat

cxeMa

Mu KpoKa

bKy tropa

n

ynpaBlrtroullre

cr.rrna

br: a) npu

anoge neproft

quQpbl

claraeMoro;

6).npu

neo4e aropofi

qnQpu;

B, npLI Ha)KaTI'Ir,l K

alBlrrrE

(

+

)

B cocras

Ml{KpoKalbKylflropa

BxoMT:

.

quQporan (0,

1,..., 9,

n.r)

uQyuxqzona.rrruffi

(C,o/o,X,+,

-,{,

*,

:

)

K^aBr.raTy-pbr;

r

ocHoBHoli

peructp X, e roropuri

aao4zrca

ouepaHA

(Ha6upae-

MOe

Ha KlaBuary-pe

uucrro) u

rro

oKoHqanzra

xaxotl-rru6o

ouepa-

rrrdl,r 3acbrlaerct

ee

pe3y

brar

(cyuma,

pa3uocrb

H T' n.);

.

ra6ao

A^fl

trnAI4KaqI,IU COAep)KI.IMOro

penrcrpa

x, T. e.

BBoAIIMOTO

suc a

(n

nouerrr

na6opa ero

na

qlr$ponori

xlaBuarype)

lu\u

pe3y

b-

Tara BbFII4c

eHrari

(uocne

Ha)KarI4l

SynrqlaoHaarxori

xaasuulu);

.

BcnoMordr€trHblft

perncrp

Y, r rotopuft

nepeuucsrBaercfl

co-

Aepx(r4Moe

pen{crpa Xupra BBoAe

B [ocleAHltir

nosoro o[epau-

.Aa

(gro

rro3Bolter,

HanpuMep,

coxpaHllTb

s YsHa'renlae

upeALI-

Ayqero

claraeMoro

I{A}r

paHee HaKoEAeHHotl cyvruu

B MoMeHT

BBoAa n X

nosoro c.laraeuoro)

;

278

aprQueruxo-lornqecKoe

yctporlctao

(AAY),

npeAna3Har{eHHoe

Mr

BbruorrneHl{t

olepaqnfi

ua4 coA,epx(I,IMbIM

per}Icrpos

XUY

(crroxtenue,

yMHox(eHue' BbItIHTaHHe

II

AeAeHuel

ut*t

rolbKo

perucrpa

X

(usaaeveHue KBaAparuoro

KopHfl

I4 Haxox(AeHue

rporleHroB),

a tarure

prAa

clyJKe6nrrx

ouepaquri

(Hanpuuep'

cABrra

crapluux

III4Op

qucrra

rpl{

BBoAe ero

nosofi

qu$pbl);

ycrpoficrao

)nrpaBleullt

BBoAoM

quc

a

lr BblrrolueuxeM

orrepa-

quft,

xotopoe

[oc^e

rrro6oro

Ha)Karufl

quQporori

wua

@yHrrlu-

onayrrnorYr

K aBIlIlIIlt

AUpa6arueaer

oIIpeAe^eHHyro

nocl'eAoBa-

TeAbHOcrb

yflpaB^troudlrx curHiIAoB

(

y,)

A^"

Ocyn{ecrB^er{Hg

He

-

o

6xo4ra

r'rrrx

u epe cbr,roK

un

$

opruralll,r

I'I Me)rqa'y

ycrpofr craauu

MrrKpoKillbKyl-aropa

lI(raau)

uepecrpofixr

AAY

Ha

ry

ulrl lluylo

ouepaqurc.

Paccuorpnu

pa6ory

MIlKpoKaAbKy

sropa

upa cAox(eHLrH

rII{ceA

27

+

48+

129+

36...

[6].

llpu

sroM

4nr

yAo6crBa 6y4eu

v

cnolb3oBarb

AecsrurrHoe

upeAcraBleHue

qu$p

B

perucrpax

MrrKpoKaIbKy

.aropa.

Ha.rHeM

c MoMeHTa

Hax(arufl

KlaBuuru

<

*

>,

3aaepruarorqei

aeoA

nep-

BOIO

C^araeMoro,

T. e. c

MoMeHTa,

KorAa

B

perncTpax coAep)KaTcf

c^e-

AyroIr{He

aruc^a:

perncrp

yl

o-l

Perncrp

xW

1-i

urar. Bno4

IlIaQpu

4

-

crapruei

qlISpbI

Broporo

claraeMoro:

Perucrp

YA

Perncrp

Xl-A-l

Co4epx<uvtoe

perucrpa

X

neperrl{ca

ocb

44r

coxpaHeHl{fl

B

perldcrp

Y,

perucrp X 6ua

oqI4uIeH

I4 B ero

uaaAurlatl

pa3ptA

3anncau

KoA

Ha-

x<arori

K aBI{IrIr{,

t. e.

qlr$pa

4.

Pac cuorprarur

rrocleAoBarelSHo

crb

ylpaBltloull4x

cI4

rHa

o B

4,

to

-

pa6aruaaer'rblx

rrpu

3ToM

ycrporicrso]t

yflpaBleHl'tt.

Bao4

nepaori

quQpsr,lro6oro

ouepaHAia

(uepaoe HilKarHe

qla@po-

sori

K^aaulIII4

noc^e

Bbrrro^HeHr{g

xaxoli-au6o

onepaquu)

4,oa;rcen

r.rHr.rqur4poBaTb

flepenucb

co.a,epx(uMoro

perlncrpa X n

perr'rctp Y'

r.

e. rupa6orKyynpaB^slorqero

clrHa

a Y3

(pnc'

6'16 c).

Op,noape-

MeHHO

C 9TI4M

CIITH6IAOM

MOX(eT

6rrrr

eupa6oTaH

CI{rHa

Y6,

yCranar.Ur-

sarcqufi

0

na

nrmo4e

AAY.

Teuepb

npou3BogTct

oql4crKa

perracrpa X'

cyMMtrpoBaHr{e

ero

coAepxu4Moro

c

BBoMMOT:i

quspoft

}I

[epe3a[I{Cb

uonyrennoft

cyrrMbr

B

perr4cTp x.

A{\s

3TOrO

CHaqa

a

IIoA,aeTcE

cfirHa^

Y2

(0

c

BbtxoAa

AAY

nepenucblBaercfl

B

perlrcrp X),

garen

oAHoBpe-

279

w

6)

TN

y1

v2

v5

w

v8

a)

rn

y1

v2

v3

Y4

v5

y6

y7

MeHHo cr.rrHil^bl

y7, yI

u Y5

(Y7

ltts.

nactpofixn AAY

sa cyrrMLtpoBa-

nr.re) n,

HaKoHeIL curgarrY2.

2-ft

ruar. Bao4

Ilr.rQpu 8

-

urla4ruefi

quQpu

Broporo claraeMoro:

Perucrp Y

Pernctp X

Hucao, coAep)Kalrleecfl

B

perHcrpe

X, 6utro

cABI{Hyro

BAeBo Ha oAI4H

pa3pqA,

a

n oceo6o4uswuitcs

uaa4uruti

pa3pflA

3anrncan

xo4 uaxcaroft

K aBr4rrrr.rr

r. e.

quQpa

B.

Paccuorprau

rrocleAoBarelbHocrb

yrlpaBltlou{ux cHrHaL

oB

{,

"o-

pa6araraaeuux

ycrpoticrBoM

ynpaBlenl{s Ha BTopoM

lllare.

Bao4 aropoft

qu$pu

(urrn,irto6oft

I{3 clreAyrotr1Hx)

ocytrlecrBlter-

cr uyreM

yrunox(eHl4r Ha 10

(c4enra

BAeBo

Ha oAxH

AecflTlrrrHbltl

pas-

ps4)

coaepx<r4Moro

perl{crpa X ra cyrnrrrrrapoBaul4fl

cABl4Hyroro

3naqe-

Hlrfl c BBoAnrtrori

qnSpoli.

A,itt

eroro

aarpa6arblBaerct

noc^eAoBare^b-

Hocrb

ynpaBlrroq?Ix cxrHarroBr

[oKa3aHHar

Ha

pl,lc.

6.16

6

(crarnaa

YB

cj\y)KerT

AA.fi

opraHH3aql{u

cABI,Ira

I.

3-li

ruar. Haxtatue

xaaguulu

<

*

r:

Perucrp

Ym

Perracrp

xFl

3aQnrcrapoBa

ct

BBoArlocae4neli

qra$prr

aroporo claraeMoro

(48),

BbrnolHr,rlrflcb

onepaltrI{fl cAo)KeHLIfl

coAepx(I{Moro

perlacrpos

X

u

Y

(48+27:75)

u orepallrx

repecbllKl{

nolf{eHHoro

pe3y

brara B

pe-

rucrp X.

CyrrrrrupouaHne

coAepx(v

Moro

perrrcrpoB

X

u

Y

(cutnatvu

W, Yl

n

Y4)

uuepezarucb

noayrennoti

cyMMbI

B

perucrp

X

(cnrHa.rr'

Y2)

urtto'

crpr4pyrorcfl

BpeMeHHoti

4uarpauuoli

ua

puc'

6.16

a'

4-rt ruar.

Bro4

qn$psr

1

-

ctaprueti

qn$pu

rperbero

claraeMoro:

Perucrp Y

Peructp

X

Co4epxrnuoe

perucrpa

X

uepefificalocb

4,a-a

coxpaHeHl{fl

B

perficrp

Y,

perucrp

X 6uttorluu{eH

rr B ero

uaa4runli

pa3pflP\

3arIHcaH

KoA

Ha-

xaroft K aBr4rrru,

r.

e.

qnQpa

1..A,alrHefirul,re

uraru

He rrpeAcraB;rslor

r.rHTepeca,

TaK KaK

B HI4X 6ylyr

floBTopffTbcfl

paHee

orIHcaHHbIe

one-

parIHr{.

AHa,ulg

BpeMeHHbIx

AIlarpaMM

Ha

pI,Ic.

6.16 a,6,

a uoxasrrBaer'

at'ro

HeKOTOpbre

r{3

ynpaBA-flIOuIUX

CI4THa OB

Ar'rpa6arnealorct

oAHoBpe-

MeHHo, a

Apyrue

-

qepe3

Te

HAI4 I4HbIe

I,IHTepBaltI

BpeMeHu'

Hanpu-

2BO

Mepr He,lrl3ff

upr.r cyMMr.rpoBaHnn

coAepx(r,rMoro

perr{crpoa

X u

V o4-

HoBpeMeHHo aupa6aruBarb

cnrHa

br

y

|

,

W,

y

4,

y7

,

TaK KaK [pr4

oA-

HoBpeMeHHoli

aupa6orKe

crarnalos Yl u Y2,

a

raxtre

upu nacrpolixe

AAY ua BbrnolHeHr.re

xarori-ara6o

onepaqnr4

c coAep)Kr.rMbrM

perr{cr-

pa

X aoauuxaer

no.lruas HeorrpeAeleHHocrb:

coAep)Kr.rMoe

perucrpa

X

rrorraAaer n AAY,

qepe3

nero

o6parHo B

perncrp

X

r,r

r.

4.

B ro

)Ke Bpe-

Mr, ecllr upr

cyMMr{poBaHr{r{ X u

Y

ne

6y4er

o6ecne.reHa oAHoBpe-

MeHHat

narpa6orxa

cv

rua

oB

yl,

y4

u W, to

cyruMbr He flolfrlrrcr.

Munr.rua./r,bllr,r

ri np ouexryro

K Bp eMeur.r I r"rex<4y

]4rpaB^rro

rr{HMr4

cnrHalaMlr, Koropbre

Aol)KHbr

6urr c4nnnyrbr

orHocr{TelbHo

Apyr

Apyfa

(HanpuMep,

upoMe)KyroK

BpeMeHH MexAy

cr,rrHiraaMlr

Yl

u

Y2

Ha

pr,rc.

6. 16 a), ru6upaercrr

r{cxop r,r3 MaKcrrMa

bHoro BpeMeHr.r rre-

peKlrorreHHfl

3AeMeHToa

quSpoaoro

ycrporicraa (uoxa,

Hanpr{Mep, He

oKourrr4locb

Qoprur.rpoaaHr{e

cyMMbr

X*Y,

6eccrvrbrcleHHo

noAaBarb

ynpaBlsrou{uri

cnrHa-rl )2 na uepesarrucb

srofi cy}rrnrbr a

perucrp

X/.

,44-r

sa4aHufl Hy)KHbrx BpeMeHHbrx

t4HTepBaIoB B yrrpaBlflrorqux ycr-

poricreax

3 B M

ycrauaBlr.r

Barorcfl reHeparopbr

raKToB brx

r,rMnylbc o B

(

ITI,I

),

cr4uxpoH r43 r4pyroqre

)m

paB^rroulne

curHa,mr

{,.

feHepatop taKToBbrx uMrlylbcoB

reHepr{pyer nocle.4oBarelbHocrb

g^eKTpnq

ec Krrx r4Mrry^bc o B,

aracToTa

KoTophrx onpeAe^rleT

TaKToByro

rracrory

3BM.

llpouex<yroK

BpeMeHlr MexAy

coceAurdMr.r r{Muy bca-

Mr{

onpeAel-fler BpeMr oAHoro raKTa

pa6oru

3BM, Hau

[pocro mattun

pa6omat

9BM.

t{actora

reHeparopa

raKToBbrx r{MnylbcoB

rBlrercfl

o4Hoti r4g ocHoBubrx xapaKTepvrcruK

KoM[brorepa ra Bo MHoroM

orrpe-

Aelser

cKopocrb ero

pa6orrr,

TaK KaK

KaxAafl o[epaqrrff s

3BM

sbr-

rloi\HgeTcfl

3a OnpeAe eHHOe KO IzIYeCTBO TaKTOB,

6.3.2.

I4.cnoaHeHr{e

KoMaHA

rrporpaMmbr

npogeccopoM

llepaona.ra.uHo KoMaHAa

3BM cop,ep)Kala cleAyroqFo uu{ropua-

qzrc

(puc.

6.17 a)

[6]:

1.

Koa onepaqnr4,

yKa3brBarou{uli

ouepaqnro,

Koropyrc

Ao'itr(Ha

BbrnolHr{Tb

3BM

(crroxeHr{e,

BbrqlrraHlre,

yMHo)KeHI{e,

cpaBHeHHe,

H3MeHeHHe 3HaKa H T, rI.).

2. A4peca

AByx

onepaHAoB

-

apryMeHroB

orrepaqrar{,

Hanpr-rMep

claraeMblx,

yMeHbuaeMofo

I,I BblqlaraeMoro,

coMHox(Itreaeri u r. u.

Ecnu rarori-ara6o ra3

onepaHAoB flBl.aercfl xoncraHrorl, To BMecro ero

aApeca B KoMaHAe Mo)r(er fis15

f,aAaHo caMo 3naqeHrae onepan4a. C4-

HaKo

gro

o6crosrearcrBo

AoAx(Ho

6rrrr orpor(eHo B

KoAe onepaquq,

.rro6br

3BM ucuoru3oBala coorBercrByroqyro

qacrb

KoMaHAbr B

Ka-

281

3215

111215

6)

t1

't2

15

qecrBe

onepaHA,a, a

He

aApeca

flqer4Kll rraMffTll, B KoTopoll xpaHlrTcfl

3TOT OnepaHA.

3.

Aapec

s.reiru

rraMqr?r, B Koropyro

AoDr(eH

6rrrr uolreuleH

pe-

3y

bTaT

ouepaqrlr.

4. Agpec cae4yrouqeft

KoMaHAbI.

Taxas KoMaHAar cocrotrqar

H3 rrsrra uorr,efi

(ro4

ouepaquu u

rrerbl-

pe

a4peca),

Mo)Ker 6urr

peaar3oBaua

[poqeccopaMu

caMbrx

pa3Ho-

o6pasnux crpyKTyp.

a)

12 11 98 65

KoA

onepaLlr.lr.r

AApec 1-ro

_

onepaHAa

-

Agpec 2-ro

-

onepaHAa

-

AApec

pe3ynbrara

AApec

cne4yoqei

_

KOMaHAbT

-

KoA

onepaqr4n

Mpec

onepaHAa,

pe3ynbrara

unr nepexoAa

KOA

onepaqlrh

Pacunpexue KoAa

onepaqun

Puc.

6.17.

(Dopruanr

KoMaHA:

a) uerupexagpecuas; 6) oAHoaApecHas;

a) 6esa.qpecuaa

flpocrefiurarr r{3 srrax crpyKTyp

(puc.

6. l8) uanouuHaer crpyKrypy

rpoqeccopa MrlKpoK.rAbKy rropa,

rpr4BeAeHr{yro Ha

plac,

6.16

[6].

IIpo-

qeccop

coAepxulrycrpoircrno

ynpaBleHnt, A

y,

perucrp

44s

pa3Me-

rr{ennr ncro^HfleMoft xouaH4rr

(perucrp

xouaH4) H

perl4crp

4,n.a

pa3-

Mer.rleHrrf oAHoro r{3 onepaHAoB

H,/\r4

pe3y^braTa

onepaqfiu

B npoqec-

ce BbrrrolHenuq

groi

KoMaHAbr

-

aKKyrty srop

(Ha prEc.

6.16 o

poar

aKKyMylsropa

Bbrnorrnrl

perr4crp

X) .

Pac

crtrorpllM,

rITo

rr

pol4cxoAltr

B

flpoqeccope uoclre roro, KaK

B

ero

perncrp

KoMaHA 6rraa nepenHca-

Ha u3 rraMfru KaKafl- r46o xor'ran4ar

Ha[pI{Mep KoMaHAa BbrqnraHl-rt.

Tar xar rrole

perr{crpa

KoMaHA,

B KoropoM xpaHuTcq KoA ofiepa-

rlr.rH,

cBr3aHo

ruuHorl c

ycrpolicrBoM

ynpaB^eHufl,

To noc^eAHee

IIo-

282

Ayqur

upr{Ka3

Ha Bbrrro^rleHr{e

oneparlllru

(BhrqnraHrte))

n ueperi4er

B

pexQ{M

reHepaquu

yflpaB^.flrorqfix

curHir^oB:

I

oAHoBpeirreHnori

aupa6orxori

curnaaoe

yl,

yS,

ylO

r

yB

o6ec_

IIEqI4BAIOTCfl

NEPECbIAKA

I{3

NAMflTI4

TIXC

CHHOTO

SHAIIEHI,{fl

)rMenbrrlaeMoro,

[poxox(Aenue

ero

qepe3

AAy (cnrnaa

ylO)

u

3all]rcb

B aKKyMyAflTOp;

cae,qyrou4uri

rarrosbrri

HMrry

bc r{H}rrluupyer

anpa6orrcy

cr{rHa-

xoaY2,

y5, yOuYll,

qro

[pnBoAr.rr

K nepecbrlKe

u3 raMrrrl

qr,rc-

./\eHHOTO

3HaqeHnq

BbIqI,ITaeMOrO,

K BblrrolHeHuro

ouepaqrr.r

BbI_

qr.rranr.rfl

3Toro

3Haqenua (crarHa,,r

Yl1-)uz

coAepxerMoro

aKKyruy_

lffTopa

(us

yrreHrruaeuoro);

no

curxa.,ry

yB

rrpon3BoAlrrcfl

3aflrdcb

noayreHnorl

pa3uocrn

B

aKKyrlrylsrop

BMecro

)rMeHbrrraeMoro

;

3areM

curHalhr

Y3 u

Yg o6ecueqar

uepecbrlKy

pa3Hocrr,r

rl3

aK-

Kyr{ylrropa

a averixy

uaMsrr{,

Ha

Koropyro

yKa3brBaer

[peAloc-

AeAHee IIOAe

KOMaHTA|bI;

-

HaKoHerL

c [oMorrlbro

curHaraoB

y4

u

W

6y4er [por{3BeAeua

rre-

pe3anucb

B

penrcrp

KoManL

cae4ylouqefi

KoMar{Abr

nporpaMMbr.

Flprn

rarori

crpyKrype

upoqeccopa

n

pealr{3yenori

nu

crpyKType

rrerhrpexar^,pecnori

KoMaHAbr

uepauri

ouepaHA

uplrxoAl{Tcr

coxpaHrrb

B flpoqeccope

d,o MoMeHTa

llo^rreHnff

c^e]qyroqero

onepaHAa,

TaK

KaK

He^b3fl

oAHoBpeMeHHo

rro^yqarb

lr3 flaMrru

o6a ouepan4a,

floeromy

a

cocraB

[poqeccopa

BK rorreu

aKKylrylrrop (oH

Hasaan

TaK

rrOTOMy,

qro

Mo)r(er

6rrrr r,rcnoar3oBaH

r0,Ar

HaKoIrAeHLrt

-

aKKyr!ry

rq

c^araeMblx

B npoqecce

nory{eHr{fl

cyMMhI

MHOrr{X

C^araeMbrx

I,r u

HaKolleHr4r pe3ylbraroB

Apyr[x

nrrunc,teHuri).

HyxreH

u

perucrp p,rrs

xpaHeHas

B npoqeccope

ucrrolnrreMoft

xo-

MaHArr

(perncrp

xor'ran4),

TaK

KaK BO

BpeMt

BbrnoAIIeHUX

SrOri KOMaH-

ALr

r{3 Hee

Aol)KHa

nu6raparrca

pa3^urrHar

uH$oprr,raqufl,

ucrro^b3ye-

uax ycrporlcrBoM

yrrpaBleur{r

u

flaMrrbro.

r{erupexa4pecHafl

KoMaHAa

(crvr.

prac.

G.l?

a)

44llHorl

s 16

6um Mo-

)Ker aApecoBarb

,\r{rub

23:8

q.reex

rraMgrr4.

conpeueHHhle

)Ke

Mr{Kpo-

3BM

a4pecyrorcff

K rraMffTrl,

coAepx(aqerir

ne uenee

216:65536

gqe-

ex. E

cas co

3.d,aBarb

q

erbrpexaApe

c Hyro

KoMaHAyr pa6orarorqyro

4ax<e

c 9Tr,IM MtlHItMaLLbHbrM

pa3MepoM

fraMflTtl,

TO

Ha

KaXAOe

AApecHoe

IIoAe

KoMaHAbr

trpuAercr

orBecrn 16

6u.r,

a Ha

Bcro

KoMaHAy

(npn

l6-6uro-

BoM

KoAe

onepaquu)

-

80

6rnr.

B

cassn

c

grnM

B coBpeMeHgax

gBM

qpaKTr.r\recKrr

He

BcrpeqaK)T-

cfl

rrerbrpexaidipecHble

KoMaHAbI.

Marro

r4 TpexaApecubrx

KoMaHAr

TaK

KaK

pe3y

bTaT

ollepaquu

IIoqTn

BcerAa

Mo)r(Ho

3alrcaTb

Ha

MecTo

o.ai_

HOrO

n3

yx(e

Hc[o

b3oBaHHbrX

OUepaHAOB.

a)

283

9.{eira,

ug roropofi

6yAer

cquTaHa

cneAy|oqan

KoMaH,qa

cqrTaHa

hcnonHHeMag

KOMaHAa

Pnc.6.l8.

Ilpocrofi

npoqeccop,

pa6oraroulr'rfi

c

rrerblpexaApecHoli

KoMaHAoIi'

qelr,IKoM

nu6upaeuoti

la o4noti t'reIiKI'I

naMtrl't

Ecrrn xouauAbl

fiporpaMMbl

pa3Melrlarb B rIaMflTn

3BM

4pyr

3a

Apy-

rorr.r

(a

He B

npol43BolrHoft

uocleAoBarerrrHocrn),

To aApec cleAyro-

u1eft

rOlraHAbI

qaqe

nCerO

6y4er

oT

I4rIaTbCfl OT

aApega

sCnOlrrgerrlori

KoMaHAbI

(zrrz

ee

nocleAuero

noax) rrrarul

Ha eAI{HLtIIy,

a

4o6aalenrae

eALrHnqbI

K

TeKyu.leMy

aApecy

Mo)KHo

Bo3lox(I'rrb

na 3BM.

3ro

uo-

3BOlreT

COKpaTLITb

MI{Hy

KOMaHALI

(H3bqTb

It3 ee coAep)Kl'IMoro

aA-

pec

cleAyloulefi

rouaH4u)'

no upI{BoAr'IT

r

Heo6xoAraMocrl{

I{cIroAb-

3oBaHlrf

cIIeIIHiIAbHbIX

KOMaHA

nepexoAar

pa3MeulaeMblx

B Tex

Mec-

Tax uporpaMMbr,

rAe

Mox(eT [oTpe6oearacg

H3MeHeHHe

ecrectseHHoli

nocAeAoBareIbHocTI,I

BbIIIO/\HeHHff

KOMaHA

B 3aBI'ICI'IMOCTLT

OT

pe3y b-

Tara Bblrruc

enrlfi.

O6ar.rHo

KoMaHAbI

flepexoAa

-

oAHoaApecgble

Ko-

MaHAbr

(crlr. puc.

6.17 6),

rAe KoAouepaIIHI'I

oroBapltBaer

npoBepreMoe

ycloBlre

(anar peeyabrara [peAblAyulei

onepaqnu'

Haalrque

nepeHo-

284

ca H3

cTapuero

pa3pflrqa

r{ T, II.,],

a aApec

-

aApec

KoMaHAbr,

K

KOTO-

pori

uyxcro neperlru,

ecrrr,t

ycloBue

BbruolHffercx

(npu

HeBbrnolHe-

Hr4r{

ycloB}ra

nu6upaercfl

KoMaHAa,

paclolo)KeHHat

BcAeA

3a KoMaH-

4ofi

nepexo4a).

Bo uHorux

clfraqx

pe3ylbrar

BbrrrolrleHr4r

[peAlrA)nrleft

xorr,ran-

Abr

r{cflo,lr.r3yercr

KaK

onepaHA B

cleAyroulefi.

Ecarn

pe3ylbrar

Bhrrrol-

HeHLrr

KOMaHAbT He nepechr^aTb

B [aMflTb,

a coxpaHflTb,

HanpHMep,

B aKKylry

srope, To Moxuo

o6olirucr

oAHoaApecubrMr{

KoMaHAaMH:

.

apuQueruqecxori

(aornvecxorft)

o6pa6orKrr,

Koropbre

Aaror

rrpuKa3

Ha BbrrrolHenue

xaxofi-rru6o

apu$ivrerraqecxofi

r{Au

rr,o-

ru.recxoi

o[epaqulit,

ucrrolb3yg

B

KaqecrBe

o[epanidioB

coAep-

)KrrMoe

aKKyrtry^rTopa

r4 coAepx(rrMoe

aApecyerrori

s.rerixH na-

unru

(

perucrpa

AaHHbrx,

KyAia [epe[ncbrBaercs

coAep)c4Moe

aA-

pecyeuoli

xverirr.r);

.

nepecbrlKr!,

Koropbre

Aaror

[pr{Ka3

na o6uen

unQopr"rarqnelZ

Mexqy

aKKyMylrropoM

u raMrrbro

(vepes

perncrp

AaHHhrx),

T. e. Ha 3arpy3KyaKKyruy

-rrropa coAepx(trMhrM

a^pecyeMofi

s'{efi-

KH naMflTr4 rl^ra

3anlrcb n

sry n"refiry

coA,ep)r(HMoro

aKKyrlrylt-

ropa

(

pesyarrara

Bbrrrucrreuuft

)

;

!

nepeAaqil

ynpaBlennfi,

o6ecnevlrBaroulr.rMr.r ycrroanulir

uau

6e-

sycaornrrll [epexoA

K aApecyeMoli

s.reftre rraMrru

(r.

e.

x

xo-

MaHAe,

Koropar

AoDKHa

6nrrr noueuleHa

B [poqeccop npr.r

Bbr-

rro,,'tHeH]ru

xaxoro-rrra6o ycAoBHs

r{Au BHe

3aBucuMocrr,r

or

pe-

3ylbrara npeAbrAyrr{Hx

BLrrrucle}rurl),

o6paqeH[e

K uoAnpor-

paMMe

14 Bblxo,A

I,I3 Hee;

I

BBOAA-BbIBOAA.

Ha

pnc.

6. l9 upe4craBleHa

oAHa r{3

Bo3Mo)r(Hbrx

crpyKryp npoqec-

copa,

peiran3yrorqero

[porpaMMbr

Lr3 oAuoap,pecHhrx

u

6esa4pecnux

KoMaH.[,, On

cocrorar r.r3 cleAyrorrdnx

ycrpoftcra

[6]:

.

apuQnemuKo-AoruqecKoro

ycmpoicmaa,

npor{3Boprqero

one-

paqul,r

HaA

AByMr

Be .LrqI1IHaMH

B

qe^rx

[o^rreHr4fl

pe3y

bTaTa

u rupa6orxn

pflAa

[pH3HaKoB

(pesyr'rrrar

MeHbrrre

Ho,lrr,

paBen

Horrro lrlri

6orrsue uo.rll,

6rra flepeHoc n3

crapilJero

pa3prAa

peeyarrara);

.

pefucmpQ

cocmonHur, B

KoTopoM xpaHsTcf [pu3HaKr,t

pe3y

bTa-

Ta rlocler4r{ei

ouepaqun, ucrrolb3yeMble

KoMaHAaMn

nepexoAa;

.

axKyMyLnmopa

-

perncTpar

B KoTopoM

pa3Merr{aroTcr

noMe-

lt(aulne o6pa6orxe

AaHHbre

r4lr{

pe3y

brar

o6pa6orxu;

I

pefucmpQ

KoMaHg

-perr4cTpa,

c^yr(aulero

AAs

pa3MeuleHur

xc-

uoangeuoft

KoMaHAbr;

285

.

perucmpaagpeca

-

perlrcTpar

coAep)Kalqero

aApec ffqevKl,I

ua-

MflTlr, r.r3 xoropoft

6y4er crrr.lTaHa

KoMaHAa

(onepaH4)

H^r{

3anl{-

caH

pesy

brat o6pa6orru;

.

perucmpd gctHHbrx

-

perr4crpa,

rdcuolb3yeMoro

B

xavectae

6y-

$epa

uex4ylaMflTblo

r,I ocril

bHbIMLr

perucrpaMu

npoqeccopa;

qepe3

Hero nepecbllalorcr

B [poqeccop KoMaHAbr

(onepauAru)

lr nepeA,arorcr

B uaMxrb

pe3y

brarbl o6pa6orrr;

.

cqemrtuKa

KoMaHg

-

per[crpa,

coAep)KI,IMoe Koroporo

yBelr{-

truBaercfl Ha

eAr{Hr,rqy

B MoMeHT

eul6opxu Lr3 naMflTH ucno.lrnffe-

uoft ror'raH4rr I{, eclfl

nu6pana xoMaHAa

flepexoAa, Irloxter 6attr

3aMeHeHo Ha coAepx[Moe

aApecHoli

.racrl,I

KoMaHAbI nepexo-

AA;

B KOHTIE

qUKAA

ICNOAHEHLI' KOMAHAbI

B

CIIETqUKE

KOMAHA

BcerAa xpaHnTcfl aApec

rorl

xouan4u,

Koropaff

Ao

rKHa

r{cuol-

HflTbcff Bcle.a,

ga

rexyu{eri, 3To Mo)Ker 6rrrr

xax

cleAyroulafl

rto

nopflAl(y KoMarrAa,

TaK n KoMaI{Ao, x

xoroporl rpe6yetcx neperiru

rrplr BhrnolHeHun

ycloBuri,

sa4aHurtx KoA,oM o[eparlr{Id KoMaH-

ALr

nepexoAa,

Prc. 6.19. flpocrofi

npoqeccop,

pa6oraroulnft

c

opoaApecHlnrz

n

6eeagpecHhrMr.r

KoMaHAaMLI

.f4-a

peueHut 3a^auu

na

raxori 9BM

Heo6xopMo:

1) uepes

yctpoficraa

rro4a

uH$opMal{uu

3arpy3r{Tb

B nausra

3BM

[porpaMMy

peureH[fl 3aAaqu

(arrropraru, HarrrcaHHblrl

na ngarxe

3BM)

u HcxoAHbIe

AaHHbIe;

n

[porpaMMa'

]I

AaHHbIe

Moryr 6utr

pas-

MerrreHbl

s No6oft

o6aactu

rraMtrlt,

HaquHag

c rqeIiKI'I

0

n,rua

4pyrofi

gqeftxu

c

rrro6rrlr

aApecoM

(cna.raaa nporpaMMa,

a 3aTeMAaHHbre,

ulrrl

Hao6opor).

2)

<coo6udnrbD

npoqeccopy

aApec

ffrIeIiKfi

[aMflTltr

n roropotl

pas-

MeIr{eHa

rlepBas KoMaHAa

nporpaMMbr'

p,rrfl

qero

3aHecTr'I

a4pec

srofi

g.reixn

B cqerqlrK

KoMaHA;

3)

nax<arr

KHorKy

(nyCK),

qro

[pI'IBeAer

K lrepeAaqe

B uaMffTb

aApeca

uepaorl

KoMaHALI

[porpaMMbl

lr K flepecbllr(e

ee coAep)KllMo-

ro

u3 [aMfiTI4

B

perucTp

KoMaHA;

C

sTOrO

MOMeHTa

[poqeccop

HaqHeT

BbIuOIHflTb

nOCAe.A,oBaTeIIHOCTL

AOCTaTOqHO

[pOCTbIx

OuepaqUi,

uO-

Ka3aHHbrx

Ha

cxeMe

aIAropI{TMa

BblnorrHeH}rfl

KoMaHAbr

(pnc'

6.20).

Kax

suAHo

u3 cxeMbl

a^ropurMa,

ABa

IIepBbIx

4eficteur

(6rroru 1

u

2) rrrnorrrrflrorcs

44-s

rax4oti

KoMaHAbI.

3tz

4eficrarax

(a

tarure

4eIi-

crBr,rfl

rro oupeAeIeHI'IIo

rr{[a KoMaHAbI

-

6rroxu

3,

6 n 9)

o6H'ruo

Ha-

3brBaroT

<

au6opxofi

KoMaHra,br

).

flocae4yroulrae

Aericrsut

alropl,ITMa

(<I4cuoaueHr{e KoMaHAbr>)

noamocruo

3aBHCfiT

OT

TOrO,

KaKiIt 9TO

KO-

MaHAa.

Paccuorpuu

ucrroluenlle

KoMaHAbr'

pacnolox(ennofi

s s'Iefixe

135

Ha

pnc,6.

19

[6].

Ono

na'ruHaerct

B MoMeHT'

KorAa

B aKKylt(yltrope

xpaHlrTcfl

3HaqeH[e

yNleHbIIIaeMOror

3allucaHHoe

TyAa

npil

BbIIIO

He-

Hlrr{

npeAblAyuleri

xouaH4u,

a

B cqerqfiKe

KoMaHA

-

a4pec

135.

1. A4pec,

coAepx(aquircs

s cqerall{Ke

KoMaHA'

flepenvcblBaercff

B

perucrp aApeca

n

Aalee

B naMflTb

3BM

(curHal Yl)'

a orryAa

crru-

TbrBaercff

KoMaHAa

<Btt't.26n,

noueulaeMaq

B

perficrp

xouau4

(cur-

narr

Y4).

2. C.reT.rux

KoMaHA

Hapau{r{BaeTcfi

Ha eA[rHr4qy

(cnrnalr

*

l), vto-

6u

oH

yKa3brB.r^

Ha KoMaHAy

(aapec

136),

pacnorro)KeHHylo

B IIaM'TI4

Bc eA

sa

nu6pannori

xouan4oi.

3.

YcrpoftcrBo

yrIpaBIeHIls

cqfiTblBaer

Hs

perl{crpa

KoMaHA

KoA

Lrcflo;1gfleMorl

rouagAu,

BbIflCHfleT,

qTO

9TO

KOMaHAa

BbIquTaHuEr

ll

nepexoMT

K ee

BbIrrolHeHpIIo.

4. Vs

perucrpa

KoMarrA

cqrrblBaercx

(curHaJ\

Y3)

u

nepecbl^aerctt

B naMErb

(vepes

perrcrp

a4peca)

aApec

BbrqHTaeMoro

(26),

a LI3

IIaMfl-

THnepenncblBaeTcgBperl{cTpAaHHbIxlII,Ic^eHHoe3HaqeH[eBbIIIuTa-

eMoro.

26

41

77

102

134

135

136

137

AApec

286

287

flo aApecyc.{entaKa

xoMaHA

ta3 naMsru OBM c'{l4TbtBaercg

KOMaHAa

U nOMeUaeTCn

B

perucrp

KoMaHA npoqeccopa

c.{eT..rur

xor,raHAyBenu'{uBaeTcs

Ha

eArHuqy,

yKa3hilBag

Ha KoMaHAy,

pacnonoxeHHyto

BcneA sa eu6paxxoi

5-

-

'

-

BHnonHqtorcc

aeficrauc

B coorBercrBt4h

CoAepxuMoe

aKKyMyneropa

3an14cHBaercn

B

c,{efiKy naMqrH

no

aApecy,

rl3BreKaeMoMy

143 aApecHot

qacru

KoMaHAbt,

HaxoAcu{eicc

B

pefl4crpe

KoMaHA

nepexoAa

r€aApecHofi

,{acn4

xot ax4pt,

xaxqgpupic-n

B

perhcrpe

KoMaHA, nepenhcuBaercg

B cqeTquK

KoMaHA

143 cqeiKr naMnru c aApecoM,

l43BneKae-

MbrM x3 aApecHortr,{acru

KoMaHAba,

Ha(o-

Aflqeica

B

perucrpeKoMaHA

cqrrblBaer-

cf, onepalF

a4 BMecre c coAepxlrMblM

aK-

Kyruyncropa

nepeppercg BAny

rAe Bunon-

5,

Brrnoarrgercfl

onepaql{fl

BbIrIr{TaHI{g co.a,epxorMoro

perucrpa.^,aH-

Hhrx

r43 coAepxc{Moro aKKyMy

Jnropa

(cnnrarr,u

y5, y6

u

Yll), a 3areM

norr1n{euHafl

pa3Hocrb

rlepe[]rchlBaerct c

BbIxoAa AAY s aKKyMy

fl-

rop

(cr,rrra,r

)€/, saueunfl

gHaqeHI,Ie

)rMeubluaeMoro.

Tarralr o6pa3oM,

npoqecc BbInolrneHufl

KoMaHALI cBoAI{Tcff

K orrpe-

AeAeHH

rO II oCAeAO BaTe/\bH OCTtt

OTKpbIBaHI'Ifl

I4 3aKpbIBaHIIg

BeHTLllb-

HhIx cxeM. Ouucanr.re

roro,

KaKyro

BeHTrrlbHyIo

cxeMyLI KorAa orKpbl-

Barb, cocTaBlfler

nporpaMMy4rrt

MaulI{HbI, cl,IcreMa

KoMaHA xoropoi

BKlroqaer

s

ce6s

KoMaHAy

<Orrpnru

BeHTItAbHyIo

cxeMy).

Tarofi ua-

urunofi

r{ flBlrercs

yctpoicrao

ynpaBleHl4r

3BM,

B KoropoM xpaHlr-

cfl rrporpaMMbr

peallu3aqllu

Bcex rortraH4 3BM.

3rn

nporpaMMbl o6rrr-

HO

Ha3brBaroTcg

MHKpo[porpaMMaMu,

a ux KoMaHAbI

-

MI{KpOKO-

MaHAaMr.r.

Ilpocrer:ruraa

MuKpoKoMaHAa

cocrollT

us na6opa 6uroB,

KariK-

4prrl

us Koropbrx

]mpaBl-fler

o4Hofi

r{3 BeHTI{ bHblx cxeM

npoqeccopa:

eAr{H}IIla

o3Harraer,

qTo

BeHTI,IAsHaq CXeMa

oTKpblTa,

HoJ\.b

-

3aKpbrra.

B

gaxano.reHne

orMerLIM,

qro

upoqeccop,

uso6paxtennsui

Ha

pl{c.

6.

1 9, tre flB^.rrercrl

eAI{HcrBeHHo

Bo3Mo)KHbIM

npoqeccopoMr

ucnorrb-

gyeMbrM

4ir.rr

pealla3allurl

oAHoaApecHblx

KoMaHA,.

Tax, cytuuy

npoll3-

nep,eHrafi cxs *

cxe *

txh+

qxk+...

Ayt{ue

Bblsl{cltrb

c rloMoulbro

rrpo-

qeccopa,

r4Merou{ero

ABa

aKKyMy tropa

(oAI,IH

-

A

r BbIqI'rc

eHI4fl

rrporr3BeAeuuir,

a

4pyrofr

-

44t

HaKo[AeH]ra

cyrnlrvru). 3ro

uogeo-

ALIT IirCK

IOsI4Tb IIepeCbIAKy

B naMflTb

IIpOMe)I(yrOrIHbIX

pe3y

bTaToB'

T. e,

ycKopr4Tb Bblrrtrc^eHl,Ifi

Lt

y!{eHbruHTb

qI4CAO

I{CnOlb3yeMhIX

sqeeK

[aMrrr4. Cyulecrayror

H

Apyrl4e

BUA5I

[poqeccopoB.

6.4. OETUAfl

CTPyKTyPA

eBM

6.4.1.

CrpyKrypHarl

cxeMa

flOBM

Ilepconal.aHudi

xoil.nbromep

FK),

IIAH

rrepcoHaarHaq

3BM

(ngBM)

-

sAeKTpoHHaff

BbIqI{cAI4Te

bHar MauruHa,

c xoropoti

lro-

:rer

pa6orarb

rrolb3oBarelb,

He lBAsrouluft

cn

npo$eccrroHaAbHbIM

IIporpaMMI{cToM.

OHa

xapaxrepl.r3yercfl

pa3BlrrbrM

(

a4pyx<ecrneHHblM

D)

qeloBeKo-

Malrr4HHbrM

zHrepQericoMr

MaAbIMLt

ra6apurauu,

Maccoll,

orHocl4Tels-

Ho

HeBbrcoKori

crorauocrbro

u

unoroQyuxquoHalbHocrrro

(ynnaep-

calbHocrbro)

upraueneuua.

O4Hnrr

H3 ocHoBHhIx

Aocrol{Hcts

II3BM, o6ecuequsuJl'Ix

HM rro-

rpacarouluti

ycrrex,

rBl{rrcf

npI4Hllurr

orxpuroti

apxuTeKryphl'

3aKAIo-

288

Pnc.6,20. Cxeua

anropnrMa

BblnolneHus

KoMaHA

rlpocroro

fipoqeccopa

19n-zro

2Bg

varorqraftcx

B ToM,

rrro

upn npoeKTupoBaHura

II3BM

perAaMeHTI,Ipy-

rorcfl r! craH.a,aprr{ 3r,rpyrorcfl

ToAbKo [pIdHIII{u

4ericreur

KoM[brorepa

rd

ero

xoHSurypaqur

(oupe4eleHHar

coBoKynHocrb au[aparHblx

cpeACTB

r.r coeArrHeHnfi uex4yHrarvra).

IIocrpoeHI,Ie IISBM

He

eAI,IHrIM

Hepa3beMHuu

ycrpolicrBoM,

a

Ha

ocHoBe

rrpLIHItrIlrIa orxprrroli apxn-

TeKTypbr

(rvro4ya*rocrr4

rrocrpoeHna), o6ecueqllBaer

Bo3Mo)KHocrb

I4x

c6opxra

r{3

orAelbubrx

y3AoB

u

Aeraaeri,

paspa6otanHblx

u LI3roroB-

/1'eHHbrx He3aBnclltMbltun

$nprvrar"ru-r,r3roroBr{TeA-rIMu.

Kpoue Tofo,

Ta-

xofr xouuarorep AerKo

pacunpflercn

Lr MoAepnn3npyercfl 3a crrer Ha-

A.I1I'tvtfl.

BHyrpeHHnx

pacluupuTe^bHbrx

pa3beMoB,

no3Bo.|rtlou{rlx

rrolb3oBarerrro,a,o6araarr

pasnoo6pa3r{bre ycrpofi

craa,

yAioBlerBopn-

roulr{e 3aAaHHoMy cTaHAapry,

I4 TeM

caMhIM

ycTaHaB^Iftaarr

xou$ury-

paqurc

csoerl

9BM s coorBercrBrrri co cBor{Mr,r

Ar4rrnbrMr{ [peAuorrre-

HHsMr{. C neqna,,'uacrbr tracro

Ha3 brBaror raKr4e onepaqr.ru up

grade ( pac

-

ruPlprilTb,

o6Hoaurr)

.

YnpouleHnar 6aox-cxer'ra,

orpax(arorqar ocHoBHue

QyHxqHoHirab-

Hbre KoMrroHenrrr |I3BM B r,rx B3aHMocBr3r{,

nso6paxreHa ua

puc.

6.2 1.

KoHcrpyrruBHo coBpeMennrui

nepcoHalburrrl xouurrorep cocro-

r{T H3

Tpex

ocHoBHbrx KoMuoHeHToa

(pr.rc.

6.22):

.

cr{creMHoro 6 0Ka,

B KoropoM

pa3Merr{arorcn ycrpoficrea

o6pa-

6orxn

u xpaHeHnfl uxQopuaquu;

.

Aucrrrler

-

ycrpoficraa

oro6paxreHrax

uH$opMarlur4;

.

K aBr,rarypbr

-

ocHoBHoro

ycrpolicraa

BBoAa unQopruraqun

s IIK.

f4r

ynpoqeHr{rr

B3auMo4ertcraux no,rrr3oBareag c

llK B Tex HArl

r4ubrx

clf{afl

x }rcuolb3ylor

pa3AI,Irr

HbIe MaH l,Irryl-rro

p

u

(

tu u ru b

r

TpeK-

6orr,

4xcoficrnx

ra

4p.),

Kopuyc cncreMHoro 6rr.ora

Mox(er vrMerb

ropn3oHTallbttyto

(Desk-

Top)

u,iu.r Beprr.rKalbHyro

(Tower

-

6arunn)

KoMloHoBKy. B cucrervr-

Hou 6rr.oxe

pa3Meu{arorcfl

ocHoBHbre

glreMeHTbI

KoMublorepa, ueo6xo-

AHMbre A^r

Bbruo^HeHr4ff rrporpaMM:

.

MnKponpoqeccop

(Mn),

r4lr,r rleHrp€tlbnuti npoqeccop

(CPU,

or

anrrt. Central

Processing Uni f)

-

ocHosHoll

pa6ovufi

KoMroHeHr

KoM[brorepa, xotopuri

nblnolHfl er apzQuern.recKlde

I4 lorl4sec-

KV

e o[epaqr4l,t, 3aAaHHbIe

flporpaMlrofi

,

ynpaarrter

BbIqI,Ic Ir-

Te bHbiM

npoqeccoM r,r Koop4nHllpyer

pa6ory

acex

ycrpoitcrn

KOMrrbroTepa;

r

lraMgrb

(anyrpenHar

-

cHcreMHafl,

BK roqarculafl

O3Y

z I-I3Y

u

BneruHsn

4ncroaaa).

tI3Y

(or

anra. ROM,

Read Only Memory

-

[aMflTb ro^bKo

,A^-ff

qreHl,rfl)

crryxcnr

A^t

xpaHeHl{t

HeI4 3MeHre-

290

c,

E

z

rO

,ll

E

c)

F

I

Q

a

B

s

a

qt

v

q

s

$

s

B

s

E

$

I

A

6

,

t

L

q

E

o

F

o

O

B

j

9ii

iE

EF

E:

l=

{t

E>

rE+

.99=

'F;T

tr9t x

g

99

o

F:

6

q)

x

g

/

al

T

23l

uofi

(uocroanHorl)

nporpaMMnoi

lr cupaaovnofi

unQopMaIIulI'

O3Y

(ot

anrrr.

RAM,

Random

Access

Memory

-

raMffTb c

rpo-

ra3Bo.|l'bHbrM

4oCrynOrtl)

npeA,Ha3HaqeHo

A^.fl

olepaTlrBHoi

sa-

nucu, xpaHeHnt

I{

cq}ITbIBaH}rfl

unQopuaquu

(nporparrM

uAaH-

nrrx),

nenocpeAcrBeHuo

yqacrByroqeti a uHQopMaIIHoHHo-BbI-

rrr4clr,rrelbHoM

npoqecce,

Bblrro,rHfleuou

IIK s

texyqlrli nepn-

oA

BpeMeHu.

,A,racxoaax

rraMtrb

orHocllTcfl

K BHeIuHrlM

ycrpoti-

crBaM

IIK

u ucnolb3yercff

AAt AolroBpeMeHHoro

xpaHeHl4n

aro6ori

nn$oprvraqnl4,

Koropaff

Mox(er

xor4a-au6o

uorpe6o-

Barbcq

4rrfl

pelrreHl4fl

3aAaq,

s Hei,

B

qacrHocrl{,

xpaHl4Tct

Bce

uporpaMMHoe

o6ecue.IeHI4e

KoM[blorepa.

B xavectae

yct-

poricra sneruneri

naMflTII,

pagMelqaeMbIx B cI,IcreMsotu

6aoKe,

Hcnolb3yrorcff

HaKorIIlre.lrLI

Ha )KecrKr{x

(HX(MA)

rr ru6rnx

(H|MA)

MarHIlrrHbIx

ALIcKax,

HaKorrI4TeIu

Ha o[TI{qecKLIx

ArIc-

xax

(HOA)

tt

Rp;

Kourpolleprr

(a4anrepu)

cayxtar

44.fl

uoAKlloqeuut

uepuQe-

puftnux

(aneurHax

no orHouteHl4lo

K flpoqeccopy)

ycrpofrcta

r

rrrr{HaM

MrlKporrpoqeccopa,

o6ecneqxsafl

coBMecrl'rMocrb

Lrx

unrepQeficos.

OHlr

ocylqecrBl.ffIor

HerocpeAcrBeHHoe

ynpaB-

eHrlre

nepusepuriHbrMll

ycrpofi

crnaMrr

IIo 3anpocaM

M]rKpo-

lpoqeccopa. KourpourepH

peallr3yrorct,

KaK

rrpaBl4lo,

Ha or-

AeAbHbIX

nesarHbrx

n^araxr

rracro

Ha3bIBaeMbIx

aAanrepaMl{

ycrpoficrn

(or

rrar.

adapto

-

upeo6pasoauaarc);

cncreMHac

IrIuHa

-

ocHoBHax

uurepSeficHaff

clacreMa

KoMnb-

rorepa, o6ecue.ruaarculaq

corrpflx(euue

I4 cBt3b

Bcex ero

ycr-

porlcra

r"rex<4y co6ori.

Cucrevnas

[rI,IHa

BKAIoqaer

B

ce6a:

wuny

gaHHbu

(I

I

IA)

,

coAepx(audylo

flpoBoAa

Ir cxeMbl corpsx(eHl{ff

4;rq

[apa rrelbuotl

nepe4avl,I

Bcex

pa3ptAoB

rrl'IcloBoro

xo4a

(va-

Puc.6.22. Cocrae

nepcoHanbHoro

KoMnbprepa

rIlI{HHoro

c^oBa)

o[epaHAar

wuHy agpeca

([IIA)

,

cocro.a-

qyrc

r,r3 [poBoAoB

n cxeM co-

rrpfix(eHuf

44t

napal-lre;rrnoti

neped,aqu

Bcex

pa3pflAoB

KoAa

aApeca

n.refirn

ocnoaHoli

ua-

Nrfr

yr

vr/\vr II opTa

BBoAa- BbIB oAa

BHeruHero

ycrpoticrea

I

utttry

ynpaB^eHun

(llIY)

,

coAepxa-

qyro

[poBoAa

H

cxeMbr

conpt-

x(eHr4f

A^-E

IIepeAarrn

r.IHcTpyK-

quft

(yupaalffrolrlrx

curHaloB,

utuuyrrrcon)

Bo Bce

6rroxra

xou-

rrbroTepa,

il

wu'i-y

numaHuh

r{Meroqyrc [poBoAa

I{ cxeMbl

co-

nprDKeHufl

44.n

noAKAroueHHn

6.rroroe fIK x

cacteMe 3Hepro[u-

TaHEfl. Cucrer"rHaR

ruuHa o6ecue.rnsaer

rptl Ha[paBAeHI,rtr

ne-

peAarru

nHQ

opr"rarlnr{ : Mex(Ay

MEKponpoqecc

opoM I.r BHyrpeH-

nefi

(ocnoaHoIl)

nauntbro, Mex(Ay

MlrKpo[poqeccopoM

I{ uop-

TaMn BBoAa-BbIBoAa

BHeruHI4x

yctporicra,

Mex(Ay rnyrpeHHeft

(ocHoaHoft)

naMffTbro

u uopraMl{

BBoAa-BbIBoAa

BHeIUHI{X

ycr-

poicre

(a pextnrvre

npflMoro

Aocq/na

x uauarra),

Ycrporicraa,

HelocpeAcrBeHHo

ocyulecrBltroull{e

npoqecc

o6pa6or-

ru

raHSopr'raquu

(aanucrreHuR),

B ToM

quc,re

MI4Kpoupoqeccop,

o[epa-

THBHat

[naMflTb ]r IuI{Ha,

pa3MelJdalorcrrraa cucmewHort

(uamepuncxofi)

Irlare

KoMnbrorepar

na

neft

xe

pac[olaraercf

I,I KoHTpol

ep KAaBLIa-

ryprr. Cxeubr,

ynpaB,llfl rou{I{e

ApyrI{Ma

B HeIUH}IMN

yctpofi

crnaMll

KoM-

Irbrorepa,

KaK

IIpaBHAO,

HaxOAffTCff Ha OTAeLbHbIX

IrAaraX,

BcTaBA.fleMbIx

ayHr$nqupoBaHHbre

pa3beMbl

(caoru)

Ha

MarepllHcxori

urr.are. Hepes

gTH

pa3beMbr

KoHTpoi eprr

yctpoftcrB [oAl(ruoqalorcfl

HelocpeAcrBeH-

Ho K crlcreMnofr

lrarHcrpaln

[epeAarrl,rAaHHbIx

B KoMnbrorepe

-

IunHe,

I4nor4a

3Tr,r KoHTpoAAepH

Moryr

pacnolararbcfl

Ha cl'IcreIr'IHofr

nrare.

Ha6opu

MHKpocxeM,

Ha ocHoBe

Koropblx

l,rcrrolHflrorcff cr{creMHble

rrlarbr,

Ha3bIBaIor

quncemauu

(ChipSets).

B

cncreunou

6rroxe

pacnolaraercr raK)Ke 6aox

usranuR,

npeo6-

paayroullrri nepeMeHHoe

HarrpDKeHIiIe

ol'eKTpocerl{

B nocroflHHoe

Ha-

rrprx(euue

pasara.rHofi

uol"ffpHocrr{

rd Be^r{rr[Hbl,

ueo6xo4raMoe

MJr

fir,rrauufl

cucreunofi

nlarbl

H

Apyrux

ycrpoficra

KoMrlbrorepa,

pa3Me-

uleHHbrx

B cr.rcreMnolr

6aoxe.

B.rrox nnraru{E

coAep)Ktrr

BeHTl{Lrropr

cosd,aroquft

qupKy

lrpFou{r{e

rroroKlr

Bo3Ayxa

.AAs

ox^ax(AeHufr

cuc-

TeMHOTO

6rroXa, cereBoro

3Hepro[trranua

IIK, Kporrre cereBoro,

B KoM-

rrbrorepe

r{Meercg

raKrKe aBToHoMHbIri

r.rcro.rHlax

nHTaHut

-

aKKyIuy-

.l.trrop.

K arxyrttyaaropy

[oAK roqaercr

mcd Mep

-

BHyrpIrMaIrII{HHbIe

gAeKTpOHHbre

qacbrr

o6ecneqrasarculne

rlpu Heo6xoAI4MOCTH

aBTOMa-

rsqecxurl

cbeM

TeKyulero

MoMeHTa BpeMeHH

(roA, Mecrld,

qacbl,

MIl-

Hyrbr, ceKyHAAr

14

AOAr4

CeKyHA).

Talir"rep

[poAolrKaer

pa6oratr

n npr

oTK

rOqeHr,rLl

KoMubloTepa

or ceTI,I.

Ba:rcrefiruyro

poar

n

pa6ote

3BM

ufpaer

KoHTpo^

ep npepunaHnti.

ITpepunanue

-

BpeMeHHrrfi octanos

BbIno HeHHff oAHoIl

nporpaMMhl

B rlel.nx

oneparl,rBHoro

BbInoAHeHlrs

Apyroli,

r

4aHHuft

uouesr

6oaee

BarK-

uorl

(npuopnrentoti) nporpaMMhl.

292

\

293

Kotrrpoaaep up

epbrBaHr!fi

o6cayx<naaer

upoqeAypbr

rpepbrBaHnr,

rrprrHr.rMaeT

3anpoc Ha rrpepbrBaHHe

oT

BHerunux ycrporicTB,

orrpeAe^r-

eT

ypoBeHb

npuoplrTeTa

SToro

3anpoca r4 BbrA,aeT

cHrHaI,I\ UpepbrBaHr4g

[poqeccopy.

llpoqeccop,

rrolfrr{B

gror

cfirHarr, npr{ocraHaBlr.rBaer

Bbrnolneur{e

reryuleli

[porpaMMbr

n nepexopT

K BbrrrolrreHuro

cue-

qualuroi

nporpaMMbr

o6cayn<Haauur

roro

npephrBaHr.rn,

Koropoe 3an-

pocr.rlo

BHerrrHee ycrpofi

crro. Iloc.rle

3aBeprrreHufl

nporpaMMu

o6cay-

x(I4BaHr{g BoccrauaBl_}tBaercf,

BbrnolrreHue

[pepBaHHori

uporpauuu.

6.4.2.

1{

crp

oiacrrla

BBoAa-

Bbr

BoAa nHQopa,r

aryuu

Ycrpoficraa

BbrBoAa

nnQopuaqnn.

OcnosHbrrvr ycrporicrBoM

Bbr-

ao4a

uu$opMarlr{r{

s n3BM

sB

rercr

Ar.rcn

efi.

fiucntefi

(rr.onumop)

-

ycrporl

crn o Br,r

3yalbHoro

oro6paxre

Hr.rfl TeKcro

norl u rpa$r.ru

ec xori

uHQopuaqrau

6es ee

Ao

roBpeMenHoft

Qr.lncaqau.

A,a-s

o6osnarreun

3Toro rrana ycrpol:rcrn

c

)FreroM $yurcqai,

nrr-

nolrrrfleMbrx

r,IMr4

B lIK,

r anrnrficxor"r

fl3brKe

l{crrollb3yrorcg

KaK cr.rao-

Hr4Mbr repMr,rHrr

monitor

display, monitor, video

monitor,

video

display.

CoorsercrgeuHo

B

pyccKoM

[epeBoAe

raK)Ke

B KaqecrBe

c]rHoHHMoB

ucllo^b3yeTcfl pqA

TepMuHoB,

TaKUX

KaK MOHTTOp,

BVAeOMOHHTOp,

BnAeoAr{cnlefi

. Monnropu

6uaarcr aa$aaurno-qnQpoarue

ra rpaer.r-

qecKue,

MoHoxpoMHbre

n rlBerHoro

nso6poxenr,la,

B

coapeueHnrrx

II3BM

B KarrecrBe ycrpoftcrr

oro6paxceHvrfl

u:a-

Qoprvraqrlr,r

Hau6oaee runpoKoe pac[pocrpanenr{e

nolfrr.r^H

qBerubre

rpa$uuecxre

4rncrr,lreu

na

6age

gleKTpoHHo-lyqeBbrx

rpy6ox,

rasopas-

prAHbIe

u x(r{AKoKpr{cTiL

ifirrecKr4

e

A,I{c

IIAeH.

y',ucntefi

na 6ase

stexmpoHHo-AyreBoi

mpy6xu.

OcHoeuofi

sAeMeHr

raKoro

Aucrlefl

-

s

eKTpoHHo-

freBaa

rpy6xa

(pnc.

6.23),

a

nprrn-

qun

ero

pa6oru

aHaaorrqen

rrprdHrlfiny

pa6oru

releBu3opa.

@opr"nr-

poBaHHe

uso6pa:renus

[pou3BoAnrcr

Ha nHyrpennei

floBepxHocrtr

gKpaHa,

floKpbrroro

cloeM

arourxoSopa

-

BerrlecrBa,

cBertu{erocfl

no4 aos4erlcrBr4eM

3IeKTpoHHoro

Afrar reHepr,rpyeMoro

cneqnaaurori

(s,,reKTpoxHoli

uyurori>

r4

yfipaBlreMoro

c[creMaMr,r

ropu3orrraansoft

r{

Beprr4Kirlbnorl

pasaeprxu.

ArortrnHoSop

HaHocHTcfl

B Br{Ae Ha6opou

roqeK'rpex

ocHoBHLrx r{Be-

ToB

-

KpacHoro,

3eleHoro H

clruero. }ru

qaera

Ha3brBaror

ocHoBHbrMr4,

IIoToItfy

rrTo

r{x

coqeTaHrnfMH

(B pa3i_H.rHbrx

uponopquflr)

uoxuo

npe4-

craBnrb

lro6oi

qaer

c[eKTpa.

Ha6opu

rovex arouHHo$opa pacuolararorcfl

rro rpeyrolbHbrM

Tpr{-

a4au

(puc.

6.24). Tpna4a

o6paeyer

uuKce^b

-

(or

anvr.

pixel-

picture

element

-

grreMenT

Kaprunxr.l)

TorrKy,

lr3

Korophrx

$opr"rupyercg

ugo6-

pax(eHr{e.

294

floxpurrue

rs nounuoQopa

Pnc. 6.23. Cxena errexrpoHno-;ryueooi rpy6xr

PaccrosHue MexAy rIeHTpaMn urExcerr.ei Ha3brBaercr

roqeqrLrM

ruaroM MoHrrropa, 9ro

paccrorHr{e

cyulecrBeHHo Bl}rfler Ha

qerKocrb

uso6paxeHun.

t{eu

Menbrue urar, TeM Bhnue

arerKocrb,

B coapeuen-

Hbrx rlBerHbrx Mourdropax ruar

cocraBlfler 0,24

r'ru lr MeHee,

flpn ra-

KOM rrJare r^a3

qe^oBeKa

BocrrprrHr.rMaeT

ToqKu

Tpu^nRr

KaK o.d,Hyroq-

Ky

(clo)r(Horo)

IlBeTa.

Ha uporunono,rox<Hofi

cropoHe

rpy6Kr{

pac[olo)KeHbr

rpr,r

(no

xorrn-

qecrBy

ocHoBHbrx

rlBeroa)

saerrponHbre u1lurKu. Bce rpu rryrxKr{

(Haqe-

AeHbID

Ha

OALIH

Il TOT

)I(e

IIIIKCO]b,

HO Ka)<AaJI

I{3

HID( H3AfIaeT nOTOK

sAeKTpoHoB B

cropoHy

(csoerlD

TorrK[ AroMuHoQopa.9ro6nr

3 eKTpoHbr

6ecupeurrcrBeHHo

Aocrr4rillri

gKpaHa,

raa rpy6xu

orKaqnBaercfl

Bo3Ayx,

a MexAy

r{rruKaMn H

3KpaHoM co3AaeTcr

BhrcoKoe

s eKTpnqecKoe Ha-

nps)Kenr{e,

ycKopff

}orqee 3 eKq)oHLr. llepe4 sxpa-

HOM

Ha rryTn

3 eKTpOHOB CTaBUTCg

MaCKa

-TOHKag

MeraruvruecKilfl rllacrr,rHa c 6orruuraM KoAlIqecrBoM

orrepcrrnfi

,

pacnoloxeHHbD(

HanporuB ToqeK ,lrroMn-

uoQopa. Macra o6ecneqnBaer uonaAoHr,re oleKrpoH-

nrx rryrefi

To,rr.bKo B ToqKH,uouuHoSopa

coorBer-

crByrou{ero

IIBeTa.

Bealr.runoti 3AeKTpoHHoro roKa nyIIreK u, c,te-

AoBarelbHo,

flpKocrbro cBeseHr,rff uuxceaeli,

ylpaBl.rer

cr{rHiIA, nocry-

narouqufi c

BEAeoKoHTpoI

epa,

Orr,roxarou1afl

cr{creMa MoHraropa o6ecne.Iusaer npoxoxAeHlle

SleKTpOHHbIM ^yt{OM

uOOqepeAHO BCex III{KCeAerl

-

CrpO'rxa

3a CTpOq-

xorl or aepxuert

4o

Hn:rcreri, 3areM Bo3Bparqaercr

B Haqalo aepxnei

crpoKr{

x r.A.

(prEc.

6.25).

Pnc.6.24.

IlurcearHue rpuaArr

iffii

295

Crpo<a I

t'o:.*'

Crpoxa n

Pnc.6.25. Xo6

srrexrpouHoro nfrKa no

gKpaHy

Korrrn.Iecrso

oro6pa;xeuHbrx crpoK B

ceKyHAy Ha3brBaercfl

crporr-

nofi.racrorofi

paaaeprrcn.

Avacrora,

c roropoft ueHrrorctr

xa4pu r,rso6-

piDKeHlrfi

,

Ha3hrBaercr ra4poaori

.racrorori

pa3BeprKrr.

Ka4poean va-

crora

pagBeprKr{

Ao.lrrKHa

6rrrr

rarori,

vro6nr rla3

qeloBeKa

He 3aMe-

qa

nocleAosare^bnori

cMeHbr KaApoB.

(Accoquarlufl

BuAeogAeKTpoH-

Hbrx

craxAaproa

(VESA

-

Video

Electronics

Standards Association)

peKoMeHAyer

rracrory

He

Hrax(e 75 xa4poa a

cexyn4y).

CunxpocurHalbr

crpoa*roft u xa4poaoft

pa3BeproK,

a raKt(e

cur-

HaA}I

)mpaBleHlrs

fl

pKocTbro

rryr eli

sopr"rlrpyroTcff

Br4AeoKo HTpoI

e

-

poM,

qacro

Ha3LrBaeMbIM

BIlAeoKaptoh, ul*t Br{.6,eoaAianrepoM.

OcHos-

HbrM

KoMnoHeHToM Br{AeoKaprbr

(puc.

6.26) flB,rflercfl rraMrrbr rAe

xpa-

HrTCr

[eper0,aBaeMhre [poqecc

opoM

qr.rc^a,

xapaKTepr{Syroqr{e

KtI)K-

4ui

nnxcelb MoHr4ropa. I-{u$poaualoroBbre

upeo6paeoaarel-u

npe-

o6pasyror

3Tr.r

qtac.lla

B aHaloroBbre

clrrHa.rr-br, xeo6xo4urrlhre

A

fl

pa6o-

Tbr Monrrropa,

f4a

ycKopeHnfl

upoqecca

o6pa6orxra Br{AeoAaHHbrx r{

pa3rpy3K[

npu

groM

r{eHTpalbHoro

npoqeccopa

3BM coBpeMeHHLre

BuAeoKaprbr

r,rMeror csorl co6creeHubul Br,rAieonpoqeccop.

MuHraua,rrrtruft

pasuep

Br{AeorraMrrr{

onpeAel-gercfl Ko;trlqecrBoM

rIBeroB r.r

pa3peuarcuqerl

cnoco6Hocrbro MoHr,rropa.

Tax,

44-s

npeAcraB-

AeHHfl Ha MoHrrrope

16,7 MAH rlBeroB

(r1aer

xax<4oro

nuKcerrff

3aAaer-

ca 24-paspa4HhrM

qr,rcloM)

c

pasperuarouqefi

cnoco6Hocrsro 640x480

uuxcerrerf Heo6xo4Iaurrri

o6seu BLtd,eonaMffTn

paBeH

0,9

M6arir, upll

pa3peuarcqeli

cuoco6Hocru 800x600

-

t,4 M6afir.

|asopaspngnHe u x<ugKoKpucmcr^Auqecnue

gucrneu.

Taxne

4rlcn-

erd

qacro

Ha3brBaror rraHel-fl

Mr{. lasopaspn4r4rro rraHerrb

o6paeyror

4ra

nIOCKOnapa ,t!e./l'bHblx

CTeK a,

Me)Iqy

KOTOpbIMIit

pa3MeII{eHhI

MI{HI{-

arropuLre

ra3opa3psAHbre

grreMenTrr.

B raneptnoM

ra3e ra3opa3pflArroro

3 eMeHTa uo4

4ericrnneM

ynpaBl-ff

roulux cllrHa,roB,

Sopr'rupyeuux

296

Mr.rKporrpoqe

ccopoM

yctpolicraa

cI.IHxpoHr{

3aIIHI{

r{ noAaBaeMblx Ha

flpo3patrHbre

gleKTpoAbr

oAiHoro

v]wr o6onx creKol,

Bo3HI,IKaer

pa3-

pfA

c

y

brpa$uoaetoaalM

LI3

r{eHHeu.

3ro

uaayreHr,Ie BbI3bIBaer cBe-

qeHr,re

HaHeceHHoro

Ha [epeAHee

I4lI{ 3aAHee creK

o aroruunoQopa

oAHoro

qBera.repno-6eaofi

nanerul IaIt{ lroMI{HoSopon

Kpacnoro,

3e-

AeHoro

r{Alr crrHero

IIBeroB

r{serHofr [aHe

I{.

Pnc.

6.26. Crpyxrypa

BI{AeoKoH'Ipo^

epa

Ocnoeofi

t(HAKoKplrcrtt

tt^lrqecroir

uaHeAlI clylr(ar

raKrKe

ABe

rrloc-

Kofiapa

.,teltlHble

creKIrIHHbIe

nlacrugrr.

Ha

oAI{y

I{3 Hux

HaHeceHbI

npo

gpaqHble

ropl{ 3oHTaibHble

IiI BepTIKaIbHbIe

TOKo[poBoMIIIue

sleKTpoAbr,

B uecrax

Hx uepeceareHnq

yKpe[AeHbI rI eHosHble

rpaH-

3HCTOpbr,

ABa

BbrBoAa

Koropblx

coeAuHeHbl

c SleKTpo,a,aMIt

Ha cTeK e'

a

rpernti o6pasyer

o6x.,ra4xy

KoHAeHcaropa.

Btopyro

rrrracrllHy

KoH-

AeHcaropa

rrpeAcraBl.ser

npo3paqnrrft

uetaanu3l{poBanHblft

caoft

na

nropOfi

ctexa-sHnOri

rl/lacTuHer

pacllolo)Kennori uapaarreauro

uepaoli

Ha

paccrorHllu, n3MepfleMoM

MllKpoHaMI,t'

Mex4y

urracrl'IxaMu

noMe-

rqeuo opraHurlecKoe

Belqecruo

(:ru4rnti rpzcraa-rr),

uoaopa'r

uBaloulee

uo4

4ericrwleM

gleKTpnqecKoro

rrol-s lllocKocrb

rrol.aplr3aql{u

upo-

xoMrqero

qepe3

Hero

cBera.

c

AByx

cTopoH

naHe^r{

yKpe[IeHbI llo^.ff-

pOI,IAHbIe II €HKU'

II OCKOCTIIT

[OAtpI'rSaIIuLI

KOTOpbIx

IIOBepHyTbI

Ha

90'

ornocr.rrelbuo

Apyr

Apyra

(puc.

6.271'

297

Акулов О.А., Медведев Н.В. Информатика. Базовый курс

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.