9-й Международный симпозиум по электромагнитной совместимости и электромагнитной экологии

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111

Для распространения программного обеспече-

ния, ему необходимо придать вид, удобный для ко-

нечных пользователей. В этой задаче основным ре-

шением является дистрибуция программного ком-

плекса в виде единого инсталляционного файла ра-

зумного объема, совместимого с платформами

Windows 7, Vista, XP, 98, Server 2003 и некоторых

других версий Windows.

Специально для решения этой задачи существу-

ет ряд специальных программ, которые предназна-

чены для формирования единого инсталлятора из

исходных, в большинстве случаев разрозненных,

папок и файлов.

Поведение программы-инсталлятора регулируется

с помощью специального языка скриптов (файла опи-

сания процесса инсталляции), указывающего в какие

каталоги переместить нужные файлы, где создать яр-

лыки и какие параметры им назначить, запись значе-

ний в реестр, некоторые процедуры, касающиеся ли-

цензирования программы, а также создания файла-

отчета и программы-деинсталлятора, призванной легко

удалить программу с компьютера.

Скрипт инсталлятора легко модифицируется и

подстраивается, например, для многоязычной под-

держки.

Далее производится компиляция скрипта, и все

собирается в единый exe-файл инсталлятора. При этом

возможно использование встроенного подключаемого

модуля архивации LZMA, поэтому объем данных со-

ставил 10Мб против 65Мб исходных файлов.

Нельзя забывать и о дизайнерском аспекте рас-

пространения программного обеспечения, с помо-

щью модуля Splash перед процессом инсталляции

принудительно на 3 секунды выдается красочная

обложка с названием программы, ее логотипом и

текущей версией, таким образом, потенциальный

покупатель хорошо запоминает, чем он занимается и

логотип программы.

На рис. 8 показано окно-логотип инсталлятора

ПКЛЭП.

Рис. 8. Окно-логотип инсталлятора ПКЛЭП.

Выводы

Авторами разработана система автоматизиро-

ванного прогнозирования электромагнитной обста-

новки в коридорах прохождения высоковольтных

линий электропередач.

Отличительными особенностями данной авто-

матизированной системы является:

- возможность расчета полей высоковольтных

линий различных классов при различных токовых

нагрузках;

- учет подстилающей поверхности произволь-

ной конфигурации;

- база стандартных стальных опор ЛЭП;

- визуализация результатов расчета в виде гра-

фиков и градиентных заливок на карте.

К настоящему времени подготовлен диск с ди-

стрибутивом программного комплекса ПКЛЭП,

готовый к представлению на рынке программного

обеспечения.

Литература

1. Сподобаев Ю.М., Кубанов В.П. Основы элек-

тромагнитной экологии. – М.: Радио и связь, 2000. –

239 с.

2. Довбыш В.Н., Маслов М.Ю., Сподобаев

Ю.М. Электромагнитная безопасность элементов

энергетических систем (монография). «ИПК «Со-

дружество», Самара, 2009. – 198 с.

3. Электромагнитные поля в окружающей сре-

де. Расчет электромагнитных полей распределитель-

ных и оконечных устройств сетей энергоснабжения.

Методические указания. – Самара. 2005. – 57 с.

4. Лутц М. Программирование на Python: Пере-

вод с английского. — СПб.: Символ-Плюс, 2002. —

1136 с

112

PROGRAM KIT FOR FORECASTING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC

CONDITIONS IN TERRITORIES PLACING HIGH-VOLTAGE

TRANSMISSION LINES

ASLOV

USSIA

UZHNIKOV

USSIA

EMAKOV

USSIA

PODOBAEV

USSIA

REBUNSKAYA

USSIA

Povolgskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, e-mail: mike@psati.ru

In the report system engineering of the automated

forecasting and visualisation of electromagnetic fields in

corridors of passage of high-voltage electric mains is

considered.

The electric main is a source both electric, and

magnetic water. Field levels under a line essentially

depend on height подвеса, distances between wires,

pressure in tenches, presence of a vegetative cover, a lay

of land under a line. Lines of constant level are extended

along a high-voltage line, becoming isolated on it and on

a surface of the Earth. The form of power lines of

electric field is influenced by features of a lay of land.

Maximum levels correspond to points of a projection of

the greatest sagging, and in cross-section section the

field has maxima under wires.

The power equipment is known, that, in particular,

electric mains, create EMF industrial frequency which

bring essential, and frequently and the defining

contribution to general electromagnetic conditions on

селитебных territories.

It is necessary to notice, that while for radiating

means of telecommunications there is a developed

system of sanitary certification, for the power equipment

of similar system does not exist, and the control of

electromagnetic conditions is spent now incidentally by

means of techniques only in some cases having the

status of branch standards. For an estimation of a

condition of an environment under factors of

electromagnetic radiation of the telecommunication

equipment in our country a number of the automated

systems with program kit for the analysis of

electromagnetic conditions is created. For power supply

systems of similar software until recently did not exist.

The experts of laboratory of electromagnetic

monitoring PSUTI develop Fragments of standard-

methodical base of electromagnetic monitoring of

elements of power systems, in particular the document

of regional value «Electromagnetic fields in

environment. Calculation of electromagnetic fields

distributive and terminals of networks of power supply.

Methodical instructions».

The techniques stated in the given document are

initially focused on the using it as a part of the

automated system.

Authors of the report develop system of the

automated forecasting of electromagnetic conditions in

corridors of passage of high-voltage electric mains. The

basis of the given software product is made by the

design procedure of the field stated in mentioned above

«Methodical instructions»

Distinctive features of the given automated system

are:

- Possibility of calculation of fields of high-voltage

lines of various classes at various токовых loadings;

- The account of a spreading surface of any

configuration;

- Base of standard steel support transmission lines;

- Visualisation of results of calculation in the form

of schedules and gradient pouring on a card.

By present time with the distribution kit of the

program kit PKLEP, ready the disk is prepared for

representation in the software market.

113

ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

IN THE STATION RAIL CIRCUITS

ATYANA

N. S

ERDYUK

KRAINE

, V

LADIMIR

I. G

AVRILYUK

KRAINE

Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after acad. V. Lazarian,

e-mail: serducheck-t@rambler.ru

Abstract. A method of measuring the parameters of rail circuits and electromagnetic interferences in them is

considered in this paper. It is shown that the distribution of electromagnetic interferences on the length of the

non-uniform transmission line and assessed their influence on the work of rail circuit receivers.

Introduction

Among the electromagnetic interference that arise

in the rail network system of traction power supply, the

pulse and harmonic interference, contained in the trac-

tion current, deserves of special attention. The main

cause of harmonic and pulse components in the reverse

traction current of frequencies that are multiples of the

fundamental harmonic frequency (50 Hz) is the work of

rectifier traction substations of direct current electric

rolling stocks, as well as the breakdown of isolation on

station feeders. The reverse traction current is also

comprised of glitches that arise because of switching on

of traction substations, changing modes of movement

of electric stocks and lightning. Pulse and harmonic

interference may cause a false indication of freeness

(employment) of station sections, failure codes and

other emergencies for proper operation of equipment of

the rail circuit (RC). Thus, the task, that includes the

provision of electromagnetic compatibility of automa-

tion devices to the system of the traction power supply

on a given site and measurement of the electromagnetic

interference in the rail chains, is very relevant.

Analysis of the electromagnetic compatibility of

equipment of the station rail circuits to the system of

traction power supply includes following: determining

the impact of the source radiation on the existing

equipment, evaluating the level of interference in the

receiver, locating the source and cause of the interfer-

ence; obtaining information about the electromagnetic

environment at specific location of the equipment and

receiver susceptibility.

To solve the problem and to substantiate the

method of measurement of electromagnetic interference

in the station RC it is necessary to develop a mathe-

matical model of the traction power supply stations

with regard to the influence of different grounding de-

vices on the rails and the heterogeneity of the reverse

traction network, which arises due to the presence of

stations and stretches in the railway section.

Mathematical model

There are a number of mathematical models of the

traction power supply system, in which the local load

(electrical locomotive, consuming electrical energy

from the contact network) is replaced by a uniformly

distributed load, which is typical for rail sections with

high intensity traffic working [1-4]. Therefore, this

work is devoted to developing the mathematical model

of traction power supply of freight density rail sections,

which provide a scientific rationale for the automated

method of measurement of noise during controlling the

parameters of the RC in the process of maintenance.

Code current, which flows in the rail circuit, is in-

fluenced by various sources of impacts. In electric trac-

tion, rail lines are used not only as a channel for the

flow of the signal and the code currents, but also to

allow a return of traction current. This mathematical

model is constructed for the case when the current con-

sumption by electric locomotive, acting in a rail net-

work, divides into the currents I1 and I2, flowing in

traction lines. In this case, part of the reverse traction

current returns to the substation not by the rail lines,

and through the ground. The magnitude of leakage cur-

rent is determined by the conductivity of contours rail -

rail, rail - ground, contact network - rails, contact net-

work - the ground.

Harmonic composition of traction current is usu-

ally known from theoretical or experimental re-

search. Therefore, we can estimate the interference

separately for each harmonic of traction cur-

rent. However, it is important to know the nature of the

current distribution of each harmonic in the rail lines.

For the analysis of dynamic processes in electric

circuits it is proposed to consider the rail circuit as a

six-poles, and power train - as a 2•n-poles. Such a rep-

resentation of the circuit takes into account the influ-

ence of various noise sources and effects of external

factors that lead to a change in the parameters of the

rail line and impact on work of related devices of rail-

way automatics and remote control and communication

lines. For a given equivalent circuit (Fig. 1) we have

the following system of differential equations, com-

posed by the methods of contour currents for internal

and external contours of eight-poles, which have a

transverse element (earth), and the base unit (b), and

the method of nodal potentials [5].

114

Fig.1. Equivalent circuit of the traction network of a

single-track section.

. . .

1 2

. . .

1 2

1 1 12

. . .

2 1

2 12 2

. . .

12 1 2

. . .

1 1

. . .

2 2

. . .

1 1 2

1 12

( )

ê ì ê ì ê

ì ê ì

ì ì ê

ê ê

I Z I Z I Z

dU dU d U

dx dx dx

dU dU d U

dx dx dx

dU dU dU

dx dx dx

d I

Y U Y U U

− = ⋅ − ⋅ − ⋅

− = − +

− = ⋅ + ⋅ − −

. .

. . . . .

2 2 1 2

2 12 2

. . . . .

1 2

( ),

( ) ( ),

êð

ê ê ê

ê êð êð

Y U U

d I

Y U Y U U Y U U

d I

Y U Y U U Y U U









⋅ −



− = ⋅ + ⋅ − − ⋅ −



− = ⋅ + ⋅ − − ⋅ −





(1)

where

. . . . . .

1 2 12 1 2

, , , , ,

ê ê ê

U U U U U U

– are complex values

of voltage drops across 1 km length contours: rail1 –

ground, rail2 – ground, contact network – ground, rail 1 –

rail 2, contact network – rail 1, contact network – rail 2,

respectively, V;

. . .

1 2

, ,

I I I

– are complex values of cur-

rent per 1 km in following contours: rail1 – ground, rail 2

– ground, contact network – ground respectively, A;

1 2

, ,

Z Z Z

– are a complex of resistivities in those con-

tours respectively, Ohm/km;

1 2 12

, ,

ì ê ì ê ì

Z Z Z

– are a

complex of resistivities of mutual induction in the con-

tours: contact network – rail 1, contact network – rail 2,

rail 1 – rail 2, respectively, Ohm/km;

1 2 12 1 2

, , , , ,

ê êð êð

Y Y Y Y Y Y

– are a complex of conductivi-

ties in the contours: rail1 – ground, rail 2 – ground, con-

tact network – ground, rail 1 – rail 2, contact network –

rail 1, contact network – rail 2, respectively, S/km.

The calculations, carried out for track sections with

locally concentrated load, can get the value of voltage

and current in the rails for a certain time. In general, the

voltage and current decrease with distance from the lo-

comotive, and their change is exponential in nature. To

determine the mean current in the track section for a cer-

tain period we apply the method of superposition, which

allows obtaining the resulting figure by summation of the

ordinates of individual diagrams.

In calculating the traction networks and determining

their influence on the work of the RC elements, primarily

are of interest averaged over time values, so concentrated

loads are replaced by uniformly distributed ones [1].

As a result, to determine the potential distribution

, the amplitude of the harmonic component of the

reverse current I

and stray current I

along the length of

the feeder zone of a two-way power supply the following

expressions were obtained

(

)

ðõ is w

ch x

U i r Z

 

γ ⋅ −

 

= ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅

 

 

(2)

(

)

ðõ

sh x

I i

γ ⋅ −

= ⋅ ⋅

BC (3)

(

)

sõ êõ ðõ

I I ²

= − +

B (4)

where i is a specific load, A/km; L is a length of the

feeder zone, km; γ is a resistance of isolation between

rails and ground, Ohm/km;

is the wave impedance of

rail lines, Ohm/km; γ is a wave propagation constant, km-

is a current coordinate, km;

êx

is a value of current

in the contact network at known coordinate x, A.

The simulation results of voltage and current distri-

butions of 50 Hz in the rail line along the length of the

feeder zone, performed for the experimental station,

which includes non-homogeneous track sections at the

expense of the station track development (track sections

1, 3, 5) and the presence of two stages (2, 4), shown in

Fig. 2. To simulate, the signals were taken of precisely

this frequency, because it corresponds to the frequency of

the current code. The parameters of traction net were

equal: length of feeder zone L = 20 km, specific current

in rail lines i = 0.5 A/km, specific impedance of rails’

isolation

1 2

1/ 1/

r Y Y

= =

= 0.5 Ohm·km, coefficient of

wave propagation

=0.3 km

-1

, wave impedance of rail

net

= 1 Ohm.

Thus, knowing the nature of the distribution of har-

monic components along the length of the feeder zone,

we can determine the cause of interference (locomotive

or traction substation equipment), to identify the RC that

work in the worst conditions, as well as to determine the

critical values of parameters of RC, in which its normal

115

operation disrupted. In the simulation results shown in

Fig. 2, the RCs placed near suction feeder substations are

in the worst conditions.

Fig.2. Modeling of 50 Hz harmonic along the length of

the feeder zone for given experimental section.

The method of measuring of interferences in the

rail circuits and reverse traction network

Among the methods for measuring electromagnetic

interference, those are known which are based on non-

contact records of current and voltage curves and are

based on the unique relationship between the current and

magnetic field, as well as those associated with the con-

nection of an oscilloscope, a spectrograph, magnetograph

or other measuring device to the equipment of RC. As a

result, the measurements are performed in the rail circuit

in shunt or normal mode, which, as usual, accompanied

by disconnecting the equipment of power the supply (T)

or a relay ends (P) of the RC. As a parameter of the study,

as a rule, the maximum value of the highest harmonic

component of current and voltage is adopted, which en-

sures its normal work with related devices and systems.

The most promising methods for measuring elec-

tromagnetic interference in the rail chains, which are

based on direct measurement of their levels and spectral

content when connected to the equipment of the RC and

do not require termination of traffic working for the im-

plementation of control measurements. Using such meth-

ods can reduce the number of failures in the RC and im-

prove the reliability of their work.

It is proposed to carry out measurement of electro-

magnetic interference in the station RC with the phase-

sensitive receiver without shutting down the equipment of

power supply and relay ends. The method is to connect

the measuring equipment to track winding of double-

elements sector plug track relay DSP-12 through the di-

vider. For realization of measurements, a measuring de-

vice has been designed specially for acquisition of analog

signal to a computer for further processing and data stor-

age. The amplitude of the input voltage, which goes to

the measuring device, should be in the range ± 5 V. The

developed methods and measurement tools allow us to

control the parameters of the signal and traction currents,

to determine the spectral composition of the traction and

signal current levels and types of interference, and to as-

sess not only their effect on the work of the RC equip-

ment, and proper functioning of the traction power supply

system devices (eg, rectifiers, filters, traction substations,

emergency relay included in the feeders and which are

responsible for switching power from the main feeder to

the backup).

Block diagram for measuring the parameters of track

circuits and electromagnetic interference is shown in

Fig. 3. The equipment of the supply end of RC is con-

nected through the track transformer TT, and of the relay

end is connected through a signal transformer

ST. Voltage from the secondary winding of the trans-

former ST, included in parallel to the track receiver DSP-

12, comes through the voltage divider to a specially de-

signed device - analog-to-digital converter, which in-

cludes a switch unit, limiting amplifier, multiplexers, data

and control registers, and a timer, and it is designed to put

signals to a personal computer for oscillographing and

analysis of parameters of the signal and the code currents

in RC and for determining the amplitude and frequency

of interference, resulting in a reverse traction current.

Fig.3. The block diagram for the implementation of

measurements of parameters of the signal current and

interference in the reverse traction current in the station

extensive rail circuit.

The method is intended for use in routine mainte-

nance of TC equipment by an electrician. The peculiarity

of the proposed method - the need to raise the voltage on

the track winding of track relays DSP-12, ANSH2-4000

and others to their maximum values in order to prevent

the exclusion of the relay when the voltage decreases

below the minimum value.

116

Experimental investigations

The measurements were conducted at the real station

of Pridneprovskaya railway. Track section is electrified

with direct traction current. Power supply of the section is

bilateral. Rail circuit 109-127 SP was chosen for studies.

First, let us examine the 109-127 SP. The experi-

mental investigation of the signal current and the har-

monic components of the return traction current in nor-

mal operation of the rail circuit (track section is free) was

done. The cause of harmonic multiples of 50 Hz is the

work of the traction engine of locomotive VL-8 located

on an adjacent track circuit. Work of track circuit 109-

127 SP is normally provided, as the resultant magnitude

of the current noise is insignificant and does not coincide

in frequency with the signal current. The presence of

noise indicates the presence of asymmetry in traction

current, which amounted to 4% and did not exceed the

allowed rate of 10-12%, and it shows of the importance

of checking equipment and elements of rail circuit. The

recorded interference exercise only hinders the operation

of the rail circuit receiver DCS-12.

Investigation of work of the rail circuit in shunt

mode (if train is on the track section) showed the pres-

ence of multiple harmonic components of 50 Hz with

amplitude 3-5 times greater than amplitude of harmonics

recorded in normal operating mode of RC 109-127 SP

with the electric locomotive on the previous section. The

amplitude of the harmonics exceeds the values recorded

in normal mode, since they are not weakened by choke-

transformer. Oscillograms and spectra of the signal cur-

rent and the harmonic components of return traction cur-

rent measured at the receiving end of the RC 109-127 SP

in shunt mode, are shown in Fig. 4.

The cause of the harmonics of 50 Hz is the residual

signal current due to poor contact with the imposition of

the train shunt. Work of rail circuit in the shunt mode is

provided, since the magnitude of the signal current and

voltage, respectively, is insufficient to keep the anchor of

relay DCS-12 in the draw condition. Moreover, in this

case the amplitude of the harmonics of 50 Hz did not

exceed 0.6 V. Thus, the reliable operation of the rail cir-

cuit is performed, and revealed noise only interferes with

the action.

Experimental studies were conducted jointly with

electrician of the section of signaling and communication

ShCh-11 J. P. Korchevsky, at operative station, which

are confirmed by the relevant act.

Conclusion

The method, which allows to determine the spectral

composition of traction and signal current levels and

types of interference, and to assess their impact on the

TC equipment.

Fig.4. Oscillogram and spectrum of the signal current and

the harmonic interference in the reverse traction current

when using 109-127 SP rail circuit in the shunt mode.

There is a possibility of monitoring the correct op-

eration of the traction power supply devices (rectifiers,

filters, traction substations, emergency switches, which

are responsible for switching from the main feeder to

power backup) by the results of spectral analysis of the

reverse traction current.

The advantage of this method is that it is universal

and can be used in determining the parameters of the sig-

nal and the current code, as well as the interference of all

kinds of station and stage TC without stopping the

train. The disadvantage of this method is to conduct

measurements in a given TC.

The method is intended for use during routine main-

tenance of rail circuits by equipment maintenance electri-

cian of SCB. The peculiarity of the proposed method - the

need to raise the voltage on the track winding track relays

DCS-12, ANSH2-4000 and others to the maximal limit to

prevent the blackout of the track relay at lower voltages

below the minimum value.

References

1. K.G. Markvardt, “Electrosupply of electrical

railway”, Moscow: Transport, 1986, 528 р.

2. M.P. Badyor , “Experimental investigation of

harmonic components of current in traction net and rail

circuits”, Interuniversity collection of scientific papers,

Moscow: MIIT, 1984, № 756, p. 17-20.

3. A.V. Kotelnikov, A.V. Naumov, L.P.

Slobodyanyuk. Rail circuits in the conditions of

influence of grounding devices. Moscow, Russia:

Transport, 1990.

4. D.V. Ermolenko, V.I. Pavlov “Improving of

electromagnetic influence of thyristor roling stock and

system of traction electrosupply”, The Bulletin Of

VNIIGT, 1989, № 8, p. 25-30.

5. T.N. Serdyuk, “Influence of railway traction

system on nearby small-current devices”, 15th Intern.

Zurich Symp. and Technical Exhibition on EMC. EMC-

2003.-2003.-P.397-400.

Секция 2

ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ

И ЭКРАНИРОВАНИЕ

Section 2

ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTION AND SHIELDING

119

ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫЕ ЭКРАНЫ НА ОСНОВЕ СЕТЕЙ ИЗ

УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК ПРИ ВНЕШНИХ

ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯХ

К.

В.

АТОРИН

ОССИЯ

Казанский государственный технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева, kipeva@kipeva.kstu-kai.ru

Аннотация. В данной работе с помощью имитационного моделирования исследуется эффективность

электромагнитных экранов на основе сетей из углеродных нанотрубок при внешних электромагнит-

ных воздействиях.

Abstract. Simulation technique of carbon nanotube nets shielding effectiveness in external electromagnetic

influence is presented in this paper.

Введение и постановка задачи

Ключевая особенность нанотехнологий и нано-

размерных объектов заключена в том, что их свойст-

ва лежат в пограничной области между свойствами

отдельных атомов, подчиняющихся законам кванто-

вой механики, и свойствами макрообъектов, подчи-

няющихся законам классической механики. Исполь-

зование объектов с уникальными электрическими

свойствами, в частности углеродных нанотрубок

(УНТ), позволяет решать ряд задач электромагнит-

ного экранирования с преимуществом перед тради-

ционными экранирующими материалами.

Сети из УНТ представляют собой совокупность

разнонаправленных УНТ, распределенных с некото-

рой концентрацией в диэлектрической среде: возду-

хе, растворителе, полимере. Проводимость сетей из

УНТ и, следовательно, эффективность экранов на их

основе определяется электромагнитными и струк-

турными свойствами УНТ, а также электромагнит-

ными свойствами диэлектрика и его вязкостью, от

которой зависит равномерность распределения УНТ.

Цель данной работы заключается в исследова-

нии эффективности экранов на основе сетей из УНТ

при внешних электромагнитных воздействиях.

Электромагнитные экраны на основе сетей

из углеродных нанотрубок

Следует различать экраны на основе сетей из

УНТ, распределенных в различных средах. Так, при

добавлении УНТ в вязкую полимерную матрицу для

получения нанокомпозитов, которые могут исполь-

зоваться при изготовлении корпусов-экранов элек-

тронных средств (ЭС), УНТ слипаются в комки и

пучки, образуя плохо распределенную сеть, что оп-

ределяет низкую электропроводность полученного

экрана. При получении нанопленок УНТ равномерно

распределяются в жидком растворителе, что позво-

ляет достичь высоких показателей по электропро-

водности экрана на их основе.

В работе в качестве примера нанокомпозитных

экранов рассмотрены сети из УНТ, распределенные в

эпоксидной резине, обладающей проводимостью

См/м (толщина t = 2 мм) из [1, 2].

Также рассмотрены нанопленки проводимостью

σ = 225000 См/м (толщина t = 10 мкм) из [3]. Наноп-

ленки могут использоваться в качестве дополнитель-

ного экранирующего слоя для корпусов ЭС, изготов-

ленных на основе нанокомпозитов невысокой прово-

димости, и в качестве оптически прозрачных экранов

индикационных отверстий.

Методика исследования

Для определения эффективности экранирования

корпуса ЭС реальной геометрии, оборудованного

экранами на основе сетей из УНТ, используется ин-

струмент имитационного моделирования CST Mi-

crowave Studio.

В данном случае имитационная модель пред-

ставляет собой корпус с индикационным отверстием,

со стороны которого падает плоская электромагнит-

ная волна (рис. 1). Размеры корпуса - 420x420x180 мм,

толщина стенки – 2 мм, размеры отверстия – 200x40

мм. Исследовались два варианта экранов индикаци-

онных отверстий обладающих 90 % светопропуска-

ния: нанопленка толщиной 10 нм [3] и пленка оксида

индия-олова толщиной 150 нм. Внутри корпуса на

трех уровнях расположены 27 датчиков электрическо-

го поля E (рис. 2), координаты которых показаны в

табл. 1. Корпус ЭС имел шесть вариантов исполнения

(табл. 2). Рассмотрено одно из наиболее опасных для

функционирования ЭС внешнее электромагнитное

воздействие – сверхширокополосный электромагнит-

ный импульс с формой в виде импульса Гаусса в час-

тотном диапазоне до 3 ГГц (рис. 3) [4].

Рис. 1. Имитационная модель корпуса ЭС и па-

дающая на него плоская электромагнитная волна.

120

Рис. 2. Схема расположения датчиков напряженно-

сти электрического поля внутри корпуса ЭС.

Таблица 1.

Координаты расположения датчиков напряженности

электрического поля внутри корпуса ЭС

№ датчиков Координаты

Верхний

уровень

(Y = 80)

Средний

уровень

(Y = 0)

Нижний

уровень

(Y = - 80)

1 10 19 -200 200

2 11 20 -200 0

3 12 21 -200 -200

4 13 22 0 200

5 14 23 0 0

6 15 24 0 -200

7 16 25 200 200

8 17 26 200 0

9 18 27 200 -200

Таблица 2.

Параметры корпусов ЭС

№

Материал корпуса

Экран отвер-

стия

Нанокомпозит

(σ = 20 См/м)

Нанопленка

(10 нм)

Нанокомпозит

(σ = 20 См/м) и наноплен-

ка

(10 мкм)

Нанопленка

(10 нм)

Сталь

(σ = 2·10

См/м, µ = 180)

Оксид олова-

индия (150 нм)

Сталь

(σ = 2·10

См/м, µ = 180)

Нанопленка

(10 нм)

Рис. 3. Сверхширокополосный электромагнитный

импульс с формой в виде импульса Гаусса.

Результаты моделирования

Адекватность применения инструмента имита-

ционного моделирования CST Microwave Studio бы-

ла показана в работе [5]. Погрешность между экспе-

риментальными данными и результатами имитаци-

онного моделирования составила до 24 % для нано-

композитов и до 17 % для нанопленок.

Результаты имитационного моделирования воз-

действия сверхширокополосного электромагнитного

импульса с формой в виде импульса Гаусса на корпус

ЭС (см. рис. 1) различных вариантов исполнения

представлены в табл. 3 и на рис. 4-7. На рис. 4-7 от-

мечены номера датчиков, которым соответствуют

представленные зависимости.

Таблица 3

Эффективность экранирования корпуса ЭС при ЭМИ

средств электромагнитного терроризма

Минимальное значение Вариант

корпуса

№ датчика Частота, ГГц S, дБ

1 5, 23 1,2 1

2 5, 23 1,2 63

3 13 1,7 59

4 13 1,7 79

Максимальное значение Вариант

корпуса

№ датчика Частота, ГГц S, дБ

1 13 0,01 49

2 11, 17 0,01 124

3 10, 16 0,1 143

4 10, 16 0,02 162

Рис. 4. Эффективность экранирования нанокомпо-

зитных корпусов ЭС.

По рис. 4 видно, что в корпусах ЭС на основе

нанокомпозитов проводимостью 20 См/м есть облас-

ти, где происходит ослабление электромагнитного

поля менее чем на 10 дБ.