Wilamowski B.M., Irwin J.D. The Industrial Electronics Handbook. Second Edition: Industrial Communication Systems

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59-1

59.1 Introduction

A.dramatic.change.is.going.on.currently.in.the.supply.of.electrical.energy,.generally.called.power.supply..

In.form

.time

.this.powe

.supp

.was.main

.prov

ided

.by.few.big.powe

.stat

ions.

. e.tech

nology

.of.

the.autom

ation

.syst

ems

.in.such.powe

.stat

ions

.was.desig

nated

.by.a.few.big.ente

rprises.

. ese.days.more.

and.more.smal

.powe

.supp

lies

.(DER

—distributed

.ener

.reso

urces)

.like.wind.powe

.plan

ts,

.combi

ned

heat.and.powe

.hydr

opower

.plan

ts,

.photo

voltaic

.syst

ems,

.fuel.cell

.and.othe

.are.bein

.impl

emented

ever

ywhere.

.devi

ces

.for.the.autom

ation,

.prot

ection,

.and.moni

toring

.of.the.dist

ributed

.ener

.reso

urces

.are.

deve

loped

.and.manu

factured

.by.many.smal

.and.medi

.ente

rprises.

.So.the.tech

nology

.is.desig

nated

by.many.die

rent

.part

icipants.

. is.caus

.a.wide.vari

ety

.of.tech

nical

.appr

oaches.

.In.the.appl

ication

all.dist

ributed

.ener

.reso

urces,

.howe

ver,

.all.ener

.reso

urces

.have.to.be.inte

grated

.into.one.comm

elec

trical

.powe

.grid

.For.the.mana

gement

.of.the.ener

.ow.in.this.powe

.grid

.for.the.main

tenance

.of.

the.syst

ems,

.and.for.the.elec

tricity

.bill

ing,

.most.of.the.ener

.reso

urces

.have.to.be.inte

grated

.also.into.a.

comm

.comm

unication

.netw

ork

.(Fig

ure

.59.1

.A.requ

ired

.stan

dard

.for.this.comm

unication

.netw

ork

is.pro

vided

.in.the.IEC.618

50.

59.2 Basic Concept

 e.IEC.61850.standard.was.originally.developed.for.substation.automation.[Sta1,Sch,Bra]..Aerwards.it.

was.used.for.dist

ributed

.ener

.reso

urces

.[Win

,Sta2,Sta3].

.It.cons

ists

.of.the.foll

owing

.parts

•

. Mode

ling

.of.the.inf

ormation

.tha

.has.to.be.exc

hanged

•

. Sele

ction

.of.abs

tract

.com

munication

.ser

vices

.fro

.IEC.618

50-7-2

•

. Sele

ction

.of.rea

.pro

tocols

.for.the.com

munication

.ser

vices

IEC 61850 for Distributed

Energy Resources

59.1. Introduction.....................................................................................59-1

59.2

. Basic.Con

cept...................................................................................59-1

59.3

. Mode

ling

.the.Auto

mation

.Fun

ctions...........................................59-3

59.4

. Comm

unication

.Ser

vices...............................................................59-4

Client/Server.Communication. •. GOOSE. •. Transmission.

ofSampled.Analog.Values. •. Clock.Synchronization

59.5. Modeling.with.System.Conguration.Language........................59-7

59.6

. Die

rent

.Typ

.of.DER.

..................................................................59-8

Wind.Power.Plants. •. Hydropower.Plants. •. Other.Specic.

Types.of.Distributed.Energy.Resources

References...................................................................................................59-10

Sidonia Mesentean

Reinhold-Würth-University

Heinz Frank

Reinhold-Würth-University

Karlheinz Schwarz

Schwarz Consultancy

Comp

any

59-2 Industrial Communication Systems

 e.basic.concept.of.the.IEC.61850.standard.for.its.application.in.distributed.energy.resources.will.be.

described.in.the.following.example.of.a.small.photovoltaic.system.(Figure.59.2).. is.system.consists.of.

the.following.components:

•

. e.photovoltaic.array

•

. A.DC-circuit.breaker

•

. An.inverter

Low voltage

public grid

Photovoltaic

array

DC circuit-

breaker

Inverter

AC-switch

3-phase

circuit-breaker

Electric meter

ACSI-services

DPVC

XCBR

ZINV

XSWI

XCBR

MMTR

SCSM: Ethernet and MMS

LPHD

LN0

Communication

model

IED

Communication network (WAN)

Photovoltaics (PV)

DPVC1

Autom.

functions

XCBR1

ZINV1

XSWI1

XCBR2

MMTR1

CSWICSWI1

FIGURE 59.2 Example.for.the.application.of.IEC.61850.on.a.photovoltaic.system.

Electrical

power grid

Wind power

Communication

network

(IEC 61850)

Combined heat and

power (CHP)

Biogas power

Hydroelectric

power

Photovoltaics

Inv

IED

- Billing

- Energy-management

- Maintenance

FIGURE 59.1 Communication.network.for.distributed.energy.resources.

IEC 61850 for Distributed Energy Resources 59-3

•. An.AC-switch

•

. A.thr

ee-phase

.cir

cuit

.bre

aker

.and

•

. An.ele

ctric

.met

For

.the.inte

gration

.of.such.a.syst

.into.a.comm

unication

.netw

ork,

.a.micr

ocontroller

.is.requ

ired.

Acco

rding

.to.the.IEC.6185

.this.comp

uter

.is.name

.as.Inte

lligent

.Elec

tronic

.Devi

.(IED

. e.IEC.

6185

.prov

ides

.stan

dardized

.obje

.clas

ses

.to.desc

ribe

.the.info

rmation

.prod

uced

.and.cons

umed

.by.the.

auto

mation

.func

tions

.of.such.an.IED.. e.most.impo

rtant

.obje

.clas

ses

.are.the.logic

.node.(LN).clas

ses.

For.the.exam

ple

.show

.in.Figu

.59.2.the.Tabl

.59.1.pres

ents

.the.logic

.node.clas

ses

.that.were.used

.comm

unication

.serv

ices

.requ

ired

.in.an.IED.is.desc

ribed

.in. a. comm

unication

.mode

.by.the.

so-called.ACSI-services.(ACSI—abstract.communications.service.interface).dened.in.IEC.61850-7-2..

Thes

eabstract

.serv

ices

.must.be.impl

emented

.usin

.exis

ting

.conc

rete

.comm

unication

.prot

ocols

(SCS

M—specic

.comm

unication

.serv

ice

.mapp

ings).

.At.this.stag

.of.the.stan

dard,

.this.mapp

ing

.may.be.

real

ized

.wit

.Ethe

rnet,

.TCP

/IP,

.and.MMS.pro

tocols.

59.3 Modeling the automation Functions

In.general,.the.automation.functions.in.electrical.power.grids.can.be.classied.into.three.categories:

•

. Prot

ection

.func

tions

.prev

ent

.haza

.to.peop

le,

.dama

.to.powe

.netw

ork

.comp

onents,

.and.brea

down

.of.the.pow

.gri

.Suc

.fun

ctions

.hav

.to.be.per

formed

.wit

hin

.10.ms.

•

. Moni

toring

.func

tions

.supe

rvise

.the.stat

.of.devi

ces

.and.prim

ary

.equi

pment

.(cir

cuit

.brea

kers,

tran

sformers,

.etc

.wit

hin

.the.pow

.gri

•

. Cont

rol

.fun

ctions

.all

.a.loc

.or.rem

ote

.ope

ration

.of.the.dev

ices.

 ese

.autom

ation

.func

tions

.can.be.divi

ded

.into.subf

unctions

.and.func

tional

.elem

ents.

.For.mode

ing

.the.autom

ation

.func

tions

.in.the.comm

unication

.mode

.objec

.are.stan

dardized

.on.the.leve

.of.the.

func

tional

.ele

ments.

. ey.are.nam

.as.LN.. e.LNs.can.be.gro

uped

.to.log

ical

.dev

ices

.(LD

.exam

ple

.of.how.LNs.are.buil

.is.show

.in.Figu

.59.2

. e.LN.CSWI

.is.used.in.the.exam

ple

.pre-

ented

.in.Figu

.59.2.in.conj

unction

.with.XSWI

.for.the.cont

rol

.of.the.AC-s

witch.

. e.corr

esponding

LN-c

lass

.CSWI.consi

sts

.of.data.objec

.(DO).that.have.stan

dardized

.comm

.data.clas

ses

.(CDC

.As.

an.exam

ple,

.the.data.objec

.Pos.(sho

.circ

led

.in.Figu

.59.3

.has.the.CDC.cont

rollable

.doub

.poin

(DPC

.Each.CDC.cont

ains

.a.seri

.of.data.attr

ibutes.

.As.an.exam

ple,

.the.data.attr

ibutes

.corr

espond-

ing

.to.data.clas

.DPC.are.show

.in.Figu

.59.4

.Some.of.this.data.attr

ibutes

.are.mand

atory,

.some.are.

optio

nal,

.and.som

.can.be.man

datory

.or.opti

onal

.if.cer

tain

.con

ditions

.are.ful

lled.

.our.exam

ple,

.the.data.attr

ibutes

.corr

esponding

.to.the.LN.CSWI

.are.used.to.oper

ate

.the.swit

whil

.the.LN.XSWI

.is.used.to.mode

.the.info

rmation

.rece

ived

.from.the.swit

ch.

. e.IED.acce

sses

the.swit

.thro

ugh

.bina

.inpu

ts/outputs.

.Firs

tly,

.an.oper

ate

.comm

and

.is.sent.from.a.clie

.to.the.

TABLE 59.1 Description.of.the.Logical.Nodes.Classes

Logical.Node Description

LPHD Describes

.the.obj

ect

.for.the.cont

rol

.of.a.physic

device,.which.is.the.microco

ntroller

.itse

LLNO Describes

.the.obj

ect

.for.a.logica

.device

PVC Describes

.the.obj

ect

.for.the.pho

tovoltaic

.arra

XCBR Describes

.the.obj

ect

.for.the.DC.circui

.bre

aker

ZINV Describes

.the.obj

ect

.for.the.inver

ter

XSWI Describes

.the.obj

ect

.for.the.AC.swit

CSWI Describes

.the.cont

roller

.for.the.opera

tion

.of.the.

AC.swit

MMTR Describes

.the.obj

ect

.for.the.elec

tric

.meter

59-4 Industrial Communication Systems

CSWI1-node.within.the.IED..If.the.operation.is.permitted,.then.the.AC-switch.is.activated.through.an.

output.signal.. e.IED.then.supervises.the.return.information.from.the.switch..If.the.operation.termi-

nates

.with.success,.a.command.termination.message.will.be.then.sent.. e.sequence.of.commands.and.

responses.is.standardized.in.IEC.61850-7-2.

59.4 Communication Services

 e.communication.services.for.an.IED.are.described.in.the.communication.model.by.the.so-called.

abstract.communication.services.(Figure.59.5).. ese.services.must.be.implemented.in.an.IED.by.using.

standardized.protocols,.(SCSM).

LN InClass DataObject CDC M/O

. . .

Common LN

information

Controls

CSWI1 CSWI INC

INS

LPL

SPS

INS

DPC

ACT

Pos-is data is accessed when performing a switch command

or to verify the switch status or position

Mod

Beh

Health

NamPlt

Loc

OpCntRs

Pos

PosA

PosB

PosC

OpOpn

OpCls

FIGURE 59.3 Data.objects.of.the.logical.node.CSWI1.data.(the.mandatory.and.the.optional.data.attributes.

are.shown).

InClass Data CDC M/O

Controls

CSWI DPC

DPC

Pos

PosA

. . . . . . . .

Attr. Name Value range M/O

ctlVal

stVal

O/On

ctlModel

Interm.-state/o/

on/bad-state

AC_CO_M

ctlVal-Determines the control activity.

stVal-Level of the supervised value, which starts a dedicated action

of the related function.

q-Quality of the attribute(s) representing the value of the data.

t-Timestamp of the last change in one of the attribute(s) representing

the value of the data or in the q attribute.

ctlmodel-Species the control model of IEC 61850-7-2 that corresponds

to the behavior of the data.

FIGURE 59.4 e.common.data.class.DPC.and.its.attributes.

IEC 61850 for Distributed Energy Resources 59-5

59.4.1 Client/Server Communication

 e.most.important.ACSI.services.for.distributed.energy.resources.are.the.client-server.communication.

services.. ey.include.services.such.as.the.following:

•

. GetDirectory:.When.a.client.wants.to.communicate.with.another.IED.it.can.retrieve.a.com-

plete

.list.of.the.names.of.all.accessible.objects.in.an.IED,.which.are.LDs,.LNs,.DOs,.and.data.

attributes.

•

. GetDataObjectDenition:.A.client.can.retrieve.the.data.types.for.all.objects.

•

. GetDataValues, SetDataValues:. e.values.of.the.objects.can.be.read.and.written.

•

. Reporting:.It.allows.an.event.driven.data.exchange.of.packed.values.between.a.server.and.a.client..

 e.values.can.be.transmitted.by.an.IED.either.immediately.or.aer.some.buer.time.

•

. Logging:. e.server.provides.the.possibility.to.archive.data.for.later.retrieval.by.clients.

According

.to.the.actual.state.of.the.IEC.61850.standard,.the.client/server.communication.services.

have. to. be. mapped. to. the. Manufacturing. Message. Specication. (MMS)-protocol. that. is. based. on.

Ethernet.and.TCP/IP.(Figure.59.6).. e.MMS.standard.originally.was.developed.for.the.communica-

tion

.between.manufacturing.devices.like.numerically.controlled.machine.tools,.transport.systems.and.

supervisory.control.and.data.acquisition.(SCADA).systems..MMS.denes.a.structure.for.the.messages.

required.to.control.and.monitor.the.devices..It.is.not.concerned.with.the.way.the.messages.are.trans-

ferred

.between.devices.over.a.network..For.that.Ethernet.and.TCP/IP.is.used.. e.data.objects.in.the.IEC.

61850.are.mapped.to.MMS.as.presented.in.Table.59.2.

.mapping.of.some.ACSI-services.to.MMS.is.already.shown.in.Figure.59.5..Figure.59.6.shows.a.

detailed.example.for.the.concrete.message.encoding.of.a.GetDirectory.ACSI-service.to.a.GetNameList.

message.of.the.MMS.protocol.

59.4.2 GOOSE

Another.ACSI.service.specied.by.the.IEC.61850-standard.is.the.so.called.Generic.Object.Oriented.

Substation.Event.(GOOSE)..It.is.a.mechanism.for.the.fast.transmission.of.events,.such.as.commands,.

alarms,.and.indications..A.single.GOOSE.broadcast-message.sent.by.an.IED.(publisher).can.be.received.

Ethernet link layer

Ethernet physical layer with priority tagging

TCP

Sampled analog

values (SAV)

GOOSE

InformationReport

Read/Write

GetVarAcessAttributess

GetNameList

GetDirectory

GetDataObjectDefinition

GetDataValues/SetDataValues

ReportSettings

MMS

Client-server

comm.

Specific communication service mapping (SCSM)

Abstract communication services (ACSI)

Clock

synchronization

UDP

SNTP

FIGURE 59.5 Comparison.between.ACSI.and.SCSM.

59-6 Industrial Communication Systems

and.used.by.several.receivers.(subscribers).located.in.the.same.subnetwork..It.is.implemented.directly.on.

the.Ethe

rnet

.Lin

.Lay

.and.sup

ports

.rea

l-time

.beh

avior.

.It.is.use

.for.exa

mple,

.for

•

. Trip

ping

.of.swi

tchgears

•

. Start

ing

.of.dis

turbance

.rec

orders

•

. Prov

iding

.posi

tion

.ind

ications

.for.int

erlocking

59.4.3 transmission of Sampled analog Values

 e.ACSI.service.called.“transmission.of.sampled.analog.values”.(SAV,.dened.in.IEC.61850-9-2).also.

supp

orts

.a.time.crit

ical

.comm

unication,

.main

.used.for.the.exch

ange

.of.curr

ent

.and.volt

age

.meas

ure-

ments

.from.high.volt

age

.senso

rs.

. e.char

acteristics

.of.samp

led

.proc

ess

.valu

.can.be.tran

smitted

.as.

broa

dcast

.mess

ages

.in.real.time.from.a.sendi

.IED.(pub

lisher)

.to.rece

iving

.IEDs.(sub

scribers).

. e.pub-

isher

.writ

.valu

.toget

her

.with.a.time.stam

.in.a.sendi

.buer..Aer.the.tran

smission

.the.subs

cribers

can.read.the.valu

.from.thei

.rece

iving

.buers

. is.servi

.has.the.foll

owing

.addi

tional

.feat

ures:

•

. e.tran

smission

.over.the.Ethe

rnet

.can.be.in.a.poin

t-to-point

.(uni

cast)-mode

.or.in.a.mult

icast-mode.

•

. e.tran

smission

.of.samp

led

.valu

.is.done.in.an.orga

nized

.and.time

-controlled

.way.so.that.the.

combi

ned

.jit

ter

.of.sam

pling

.and.tra

nsmission

.is.min

imized.

•

tran

smission

the

valu

cont

rolled

stan

dardized

cont

rol-block

(SVC

—sampled

value.control).

TABLE 59.2 Mapping.of.the.Data.Models.in.MMS.Services

Objects.in.IEC.61850 Objects.in.MMS

Logical

.device D

omain

Logical

.node N

amedVariable

Data

.obj

ect NamedVariable

.(str

uctured

.comp

onents)

Data

.att

ribute NamedVariable

.(str

uctured

.comp

onents)

Data

.set Na

medVariableList

FIGURE 59.6 Example.for.a.MMS.message.

IEC 61850 for Distributed Energy Resources 59-7

•. Similar.to.the.GOOSE.model,.the.SAV.model.applies.to.the.exchange.of.values.of.a.DATA-SET..

 e.dierence.in.this.case.is.that.the.data.of.the.data.set.are.of.the.common.data.class.SAV.(sam-

pled

.analog.value).

59.4.4 Clock Synchronization

For.the.clock-synchronization.of.an.IED.with.a.central.time-server,.the.standard.network.time.protocol.

(SNTP).is.specied.for.nontime-critical.applications..Separate.synchronization.is.required.for.the.SAV.

process..In.future.this.will.be.implemented.according.to.IEC.61588.. e.implementation.of.the.use.of.a.

time-dissemination-service,.like.for.instance.Global.Position.System.(GPS),.is.also.allowed.

59.5 Modeling with System Conguration Language

An.IED.can.control.big.systems.like.a.wind-park.or.small.systems.like.a.simple.sensor.used.for.col-

lecting

.data.(e.g.,.temperature.sensor.or.electric.meter).. e.information.produced.and.consumed.by.

automation.functions.and.the.communication.interface.in.such.IEDs.are.modeled.with.the.System.

Conguration.Language.(SCL).in.a.SCL.le..For.the.SCL.language,.the.standard.IEC.61850-6.is.still.

valid.(developed.for.the.substation.automation).[Sta1].where.SCL.is.named.as.Substation.Conguration.

Language..A.SCL.le.applied.in.distributed.energy.resources.includes.in.a.hierarchical.structure.the.

following.information.(Figure.59.7):

SCL-File

IED

Services

GetDirectory

GetDataObjectDenition

Read/Write

ReportSettings

Access point

Server

LDevice

LPHD1

LN0

DPVC1

XCBR1

ZINV1

XSWI1

CSWI1

XCBR2

MMXU1

Data type templates

FIGURE 59.7 Example.of.how.the.SCL.le.is.organized.

59-8 Industrial Communication Systems

•. Access.point.for.the.IED.in.the.communication.network

•

. ACSI

-services

.sup

ported

.by.the.IED

•

. Mode

.of.the.auto

mation

.fun

ctions

.of.LDs.(LN

.and.con

trol

.blo

cks)

•

. Data.typ

.tem

plates

.(da

.typ

.use

.in.the.SCL.le

)

.SCL-

language

.is.base

.on.eXten

sible

.mark

.lang

uage

.(XML

.Figu

.59.8.show

.an.extr

act

.from.

an.SCL.le

.It.des

cribes

.the.log

ical

.nod

.CSW

.whe

.onl

.the.man

datory

.dat

.att

ributes

.are.sho

wn.

59.6 Different types of DEr

59.6.1 Wind Power Plants

 e.specic.extensions.of.the.IEC.61850.for.wind.power.plants.are.standardized.in.the.IEC.61400-25.

[Win]

.Logi

cal

.node

.are.den

.for.many.autom

ation

.func

tions

.in.wind.turb

ines.

.Exam

ples

.for.such.

LNs.are.sho

.in.Tab

.59.

59.6.2 Hydropower Plants

In. the. IEC. 61850-410,. specic. control. functions. are. dened. for. hydropower. plant. systems. [Sta2]..

Speci

c

.LN.clas

ses

.are.den

ed,

.for.inst

ance,

.for.rese

rvoirs,

.dams

.and.wate

.turb

ines.

.Exam

ples

.for.such.

LNs.are.sho

.in.Tab

.59.

FIGURE 59.8 Extract.from.an.SCL.le.

IEC 61850 for Distributed Energy Resources 59-9

59.6.3 Other Specic types of Distributed Energy resources

The.IEC.61850-420.standard.includes.LNs.for.the.following.types.of.distributed.energy.resources.

[Sta

3]:

•

. Phot

ovoltaic systems:

.An.exa

mple

.for.a.PV.sys

tem

.is.alr

eady

.des

cribed

.abo

ve.

•

. Dies

el engines (reciprocating engine):

. The. most. impo

rtant

. LN. for. a. dies

. engi

. is. the.

Reci

procating

.engi

.(DCI

.LN..It.incl

udes

.info

rmation

.such.as.the.engi

.stat

us,

.sett

ings

for.the.mini

mum

.and.the.maxi

mum

.spee

.the.actu

.engi

.spee

.and.the.actu

.engi

torq

ue.

.Exam

ples

.for.cont

rols

.are.engi

.on/o

ff,

.cran

.rela

.driv

.on/o

ff,

.and.diag

nostic

mode.enab

le.

•

. Fuel

cells:

. e.most.impo

rtant

.LN.for.fuel.cell

.is.the.Fuel.Cell.Cont

roller

.(DFC

.LN.for.the.

fuel.cell.controller..It.includes.status.information.(count.of.system.starts,.time.until.next.mainte-

nance,

.etc.

.sett

ings

.(max

imum

.fuel.cons

umption

.rate

.syst

.outp

.volt

age

.rati

ng,

.etc.

.con-

rols

.(ope

.clos

.fuel.valv

.emer

gency

.stop)

.and.meas

ured

.valu

.(sys

tem

.run.ener

gy,

.inpu

.fuel.

cons

umption,

.wat

.lev

.rem

aining,

.etc

.).

•

. Comb

ined heat and power system (CHP):

.Speci

c

.LNs.are.den

.for.CHP-

system-controllers

(DCH

C),

.the

rmal

.stor

ages

.(DC

TS)

.and.CHP.boi

lers

.(DC

HB).

TABLE 59.4 Logical.Nodes.for.Hydropower.Plants.(Examples)

LN-Class Description

HDAM Information

.on.a.hydr

opower

.reser

voir:

.type.of.cons

truction,

.calc

ulated

volum

etric

.cont

ent.

HGTE Information

.on.a.dam.gate:

tatus

.infor

mation:

.upp

er/lower

.end.posit

ion

.reac

hed,

.gate.is.bloc

ked

Measured

.value:.calc

ulated

.water.ow.thro

ugh

.the.gate.(m

/s)

Control

.infor

mation:

.gate.posit

ion

.setp

oint,

.cha

nge

.gate.posit

ion

HUNT Information

.on.the.hydr

opower

.unit.(turbin

.and.genera

tor):

Status

.infor

mation:

.Opera

ting

.mode

ettings:

.Rat

.maximum.water.ow,.temp

orary

.limita

tion

.of.pow

outp

TABLE 59.3 Logical.Nodes.for.Wind.Power.Plants.(Examples)

LN-Class Description

WTUR General

.infor

mation

.on.a.wind.pow

.pla

WROT Information

.on.the.wind.turbin

.rot

or:

Status

.infor

mation:

.turbin

.sta

tus,

.opera

tion

.time

Control

.infor

mation:

.opera

tion

.mode

.setp

oints,

WTRM Information

.on.the.tran

smission:

.opera

tion

.mode

.the.

stat

.of.the.genera

tor

.coolin

.system,.the.genera

tor

.spe

WGEN1 Information

.on.the.genera

tor:

.genera

tor

.spe

ed,

.vol

tages,

curren

ts,

.pow

.facto

.temp

eratures

WMET Wind

.pow

.pla

.mete

orological

.infor

mation:

.wind.spe

ed,

ambien

.temp

erature,

.humidit

59-10 Industrial Communication Systems

references

[Bra].K.P..Brand,. e.Standard.IEC.61850.as.Prerequisite.for.Intelligent.Applications.in.Substations,.

Pow

.Eng

ineering

.So

ciety,

.IEEE Gen

eral Meeting,

.Ade

laide,

.Au

stralia,

.2004,.pp

.714–718.

[Sc

.K.H..Sch

warz,

.An.intr

oduction

.to.IEC.61850..Basi

cs and User-Oriented Project Examples for the IEC

61850 Series for Substation Automation,

.Vog

.Ver

lag,

.Würzb

urg,

.Ger

many,

.2005.

[St

a1]

.IEC.61850,.Co

mmunication

.net

works

.an

.syst

ems

.in.su

bstations,

.10.pa

rts,

.2004.

[St

a2]

.IEC.61850,.Co

mmunication

.net

works

.an

.syst

ems

.in.su

bstations,

.pa

.7-410,.2006.

[St

a3]

.IEC.61850,.Co

mmunication

.net

works

.an

.syst

ems

.in.su

bstations,

.pa

.7-420,.2006.

[Win]

.IEC.61400-25,.Co

mmunications

.fo

.mo

nitoring

.an

.con

trol

.of.win

.po

wer

.pl

ants,

.2006.