WCP 86, A preliminary cloudless standard atmosphere for radiation computation
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5
Table
2.5 - (con't)
75%
H
2
S0
4
WAVELENGTH EXTINCTION SCATTERING
(MICRON) (
KM-1 )
(
KM-1 )
.200
1.49Е+0Ф 1.49E+00
.250
1.55E+00 1.55Е+0Й
.300
1.55E+00 1.55E+00
.337
1.52E+00 1.52E+00
.400
1.38E+00 1.38E+00
.488
1.15E+00 1.15E+00
.515
1.09E+00 1.09E+00
.550
1.00E+00 1.00E+00
.633
8.22E-01 8.22E-01
.694
7.06E-01 7.06E-01
.860
4.69E-01 4.69E-01
1.060
2.89E-01 2.89E-01
1.300
1.64E-01 1.64E-01
1.536
9.99E-02 9.97E-02
1.800
5.88E-02 5.82E-02
2.000
4.18E-02 4.06E-02
2.250
2.73E-02 2.57E-02
2.500 1.85E-02 1.56E-02
2.700 1.33E-02
9.31E-03
3.000
6.51E-02 6.32E-03
3.200
8.27E-02
6.00E-03
3.392
8.93E-02
6.27E-03
3.500
8.54E-02
6.23E-03
3.750
6.53E-02
5.10E-03
4.000
5.79E-02
4.03E-03
4.500
4.76E-02
2.42E-03
5.000
4.28E-02
1.45E-03
5.500
5.81E-02
1.03E-03
6.000
5.37E-02
1.05E-03
6.200
4.39E-02
8.78E-04
6.500
3.34E-02 5.53E-04
7.200
4.46E-02
1.93E-04
7.900
1.19E-01
5.01E-04
8.200
1.47E-01
7.75E-04
8.500
1.46E-01
9.54E-04
8.700
1.27E-01
9.64E-04
9.000
9.29E-02
7.20E-04
9.200
8.78E-02
5.80E-04
9.500
1.01E-01
7.07E-04
9.800
7.32E-02
6.72E-04
10.000
5.02E-02
4.86E-04
10.591
4.07E-T02
2.72E-04
11.000
5.74E-02
2.62E-04
11.500
3.57E-02
2.58E-04
12.500
1.97E-02 1.27E-04
13.000
1.94E-02
9.83E-05
14.000
1.87E-02
6.56E-05
14.800
1.89E-02
4.95E-05
15.000
1.95E-02
4.50E-05
16.400
3.67E-02 3.75E-05
17.200
4.15E-02
5.37E-05
18.000
2.33E-02
4.68E-05
18.500
1.71E-02
3.78E-05
20.000
1.35E-02
2.23E-05
21.300
1.62E-02 1.73E-05
22.500
1.53E-02 1.61E-05
25.000
8.37E-03 1.07E-05
27.900
6.80E-03 6.75E-06
30.000
6.32E-03
5.05E-06
35.000
5.80E-03
2.66E-06
40.000
5.92E-03
1.56E-06
PARTICLE
NUMBER CONCENTRATION =
9038,
VOLUME
CONCENTRATION = 156.7
COMPONENT
ABSORPTION SINGLE
ASYMMETR
<
KM-1 )
SCAT,ALB.
PARAMETE
2.05E-07
1.000
.680
1.62E-07
1.000
.693
1.26E-07
1.000
.713
1.10E-07
1.000
.725
8.77E-08
1.000
.739
6.86E-03
1.000
.736
6.43E-08
1.000
.732
5.92E-03
1.000
.726
7.29E-03
1.000
.709
8.78E-03
1.000
.694
5.93E-07
1.000
.650
3.70E-06
1.000
.592
1.85E-05
1.000
.518
1.99E-04
.998 .447
6.44E-04
.989 .372
1.28E-03
.969 .322
1.57E-03
.942 .269
2.89E-03
.844 -223
4.03E-03
.698 .192
5.88E-02
.097 .153
7.67E-02
.073 .142
8.30E-02
.070 .130
7.92E-02
.073 .124
6.02E-02
.078 .111
5.39E-02
.070 .098
4.52E-02
.051 .078
4.13E-02
.034 .063
5.70E-02
.018 .052
5.26E-02
.020 .045
4.30E-02
.020 .043
3.28E-02
.017 .038
4.44E-02
.004 .029
1.18E-01
.004 .022
1.46E-01
.005 .020
1.45E-01
.007 .020
1.26E-01
.003 .021
9.22E-02
.008 .021
8.72E-02
.007 .020
9.99E-02
.007 .019
7.26E-02
.009 .021
4.97E-02
.010 .021
4.04E-02
.007 .017
5.71E-02
.005 .015
3.55E-02
.007 .016
1.96E-02
.006 .012
1.93E-02
.005 .011
1.86E-02
.004 .009
1.89E-02
.003 .008
1.95E-02
.002 .008
3.66E-02
.001 .006
4.15E-02
.001 .006
2.32E-02
.002 .007
1.71E-02
.002 .006
1.34E-02
.002 .005
1.62E-02
.001 .004
1.53E-02
.001 .004
8.36E-03
.001 .003
6.30E-03
.001 .003
6.32E-03
.001 .002
5.80E-03
.000 .002
5.92E-03
.000 .001
PART/CM**3
MICR0N**3/CM**3
-
20 -
Table
2.5 - (con't)
VOLCANIC
ASH COMPONENT
WAVELENGTH
EXTINCTION
SCATTERINO
ABSORPTION
SINGLE
ASYMMETR'
(MICRON) (
KM-1 )
(
KM-1 )
(
KM-1 )
SCAT.ALB.
PARAMETEi
.200
1.15E+00
7.01E-01
4.43E-01
.610 .327
.250
1.18Е+0Ф
9.01E-01
2.82E-01
.762 .761
.300
1.19E+00 1.03E+00
1.13E-01
.905 .715
.337
1.18E+00 1.10E+00
8.50E-02
.928 .703
.400
1.14E+00 1.07Е+Ф0
7.24E-02
.936 .705
.438
1.06E+00 1.00E+00
5.96E-02
.944 .701
.515
1.04E+00
9.80E-01
5.65E-02
.945 .700
.550
1.00E+00
9.47E-01
5.27E-02
.947 .693
.633
9.13E-01
8.68E-01
4.53E-02
.950 .693
.694
8.49E-01 8.08E-01
4.08E-02
.952 .689
.360
6.89E-01 6.57E-01
3.18E-02
.954 .675
1.060
5.30E-01 5.06E-01
2.45E-02
.954 .656
1.300
3.88E-01 3.69E-01
1.88E-02
.952 .630
1.536
2.80E-01 2.65E-01
1.49E-02
.947 .606
1.300
1.97E-01 1.85E-01 1.19E-02
.939 .577
2.000 1.46E-01 1.35E-01 1.02E-02
.930 .556
2.250 1.11E-01 1.02E-01 8.67E-03
.922 .526
2.500 8.63E-02
7.79E-02
8.43E-03
.902 .496
2.700
7.19E-02
6.34E-02
8.42E-03
.883 .473
3.000
6.08E-02
5.13E-02
9.49E-03
.844 .440
3.200
5.20E-02
4.26E-02
9.36E-03
.820 .420
3.392
4.50E-02
3.76E-02
7.43E-03
.835
.402
3.500
4.09E-02
3.44E-02
6.54E-03
.840 .392
3.750
3.40E-02
2.91E-02
4.83E-03
.857 .370
4.000
2.74E-02 2.39E-02
3.49E-03
.873 .349
4.500
2.09E-02
1.77E-02
3.19E-03
.843 .313
5.000
1.54E-02 1.20E-02
3.35E-03
.783 .277
5.500
1.26E-02 8.69E-03
3.96E-03
.687 .247
6.000
1.02E-02
5.70E-03
4.51E-03
.558 .217
6.200
9.92E-03
4.67E-03
5.25E-03
.471
.205
6.500
1.04E-02
3.78E-03
6.65E-03
.362 .191
7.200
1.36E-02
2.50E-03
1.11E-02
.183 .162
7.900
1.79E-02 1.36E-03 1.65E-02
.076 .135
8.200
2.28E-02
9.94E-04
2.18E-02
.044
.123
8.500
2.47E-02 2.57E-03 2.22E-02
.104 .137
8.700
2.92E-02
4.81E-03
2.44E-02
.165
.162
9.000
3.11E-02
6.02E-03
2.51E-02
.194 .176
9.200
3.23E-02
5.73E-03
2.66E-02
.177
.171
9.500
3.39E-02
5.13E-03
2.87E-02
.153 .163
9.800
3.45E-02
4.75E-03
2.98E-02
.138
.156
10.000
3.46E-02
4.49E-03
3.01E-02
.130
.152
10.591
3.18E-02 3.22E-03
2.86E-02
.101
.133
11.000
2.77E-02 2.60E-03 2.51E-02
.094 .123
11.500
2.47E-02
1.91E-03
2.28E-02
.077 .103
12.500
1.71E-02 8.97E-04 1.62E-02
.052
.030
13.000
1.60E-02
7.07E-04
1.53E-02
.044
.073
14.000
1.49E-02
4.63E-04
1.45E-02
.031
.061
14.800
1.57E-02
3.33E-04
1.53E-02
.021
.053
15.000
1.67E-02
3.18E-04
1.64E-02
.019 .051
16.400
1.65E-02
2.82E-04
1.62E-02
.017
.046
17.200
1.73E-02
2.36E-04
1.71E-02
.016
.045
18.000
1.86E-02
3.05E-04
1.83E-02
.016
.045
18.500
1.77E-02
3.10E-04
1.74E-02
.017
.045
20.000
1.42E-02
2.61E-04
1.39E-02
.018
.043
21.300
1.08E-02
2.27E-04
1.05E-02
.021 .042
22.500
1.12E-02 1.98E-04 1.10E-02
.018
.039
25.000
1.05E-02 1.33E-04 1.04E-02
.013 .033
27.900
1.08E-02 8.39E-05 1.07E-02
.008
.025
30.000
1.13E-02
5.90E-05
1.12E-02
.005 .020
35.000
1.19E-02
3.05E-05
1.19E-02
.003
.013
40.000
1.33E-02 1.85E-05 1.33E-02
.001 .010
PARTICLE
NUMBER CONCENTRATION =
1.1093E+04
PART/CM**3
VOLUME
CONCENTRATION = 167.5 MICR0N**3/CM**3
-
21 -
Table
2.5 - (con't)
С0№Г]ШШ'Л1.
MODEL
AVELENGTH EXTINCTION
SCATTERING
ABSORPTION
SINGLE
ASYMMETR'i
(MICRON) (
KM-1 )
(
KM-1 )
(
KM-1 )
SCAT.ALB.
PARAMETEF
.200
2.43E»-00
1.59EI-00
8.39E
01
.655
.726
.250
2.
HE
100
1.64E4
00
4.76E-01
.775
.688
.300
1.83E+00 1.62E+00
2.13E-01
.884
.65?
.337
1.65E+00 1.49E+00
1.63E-01
.902
.651
.400
1.40E
ь00
1.27E+00
1.40E-01
.901
.616
.438
1.14E-t00 1.03E+00
1.16E-01
.898
.640
.515
1.03E+00
9.67E-01
1.11E-01
.897
.633
.550
1.00E+00
8.91E-01 1.09E-01
.891
.637
.633
8.49E-01
7.54E-01
9.51E-02
.883
.633
.694
7.60E-01
6.69E-01 9.17E-02
.879 .631
■:8tt
5.77E-01
4.86E-01
9.17E-02
.841 .633
■:8tt
4.48E-01
3.60E-01
8.79E-02
.804
.631
Ш
3.43E-01
2.65E-01
7.76E-02
.774 .637
Ш
2.83E-01 2.12E-01
7.06E-02
.750
.645
1.800
2.000
2.13E-01
1.60E-01
5.26E-02
.753 .630
1.800
2.000
1.70E-01 1.33E-01
3.69E-02
.783
.718
2.250 1.51E-01 1.15E-01
3.61E-02
.761 .741
2.500 1.35E-01 1.01E-01
3.44E-02
.746
.764
2.700 1.53E-01 8.37E-02
6.91E-02
.543 .790
3.000
1.18E-01
7.97E-02
3.87E-02
.673
.794
3.200
1.11E-01 8.51E-02
2.62E-02
.764
.784
3.392
1.09E-01 8.17E-02
2.71E-02
.751
.779
3.500
1.08E-01 8.45E-02
2.39E-02
.779
.768
3.750
1.03E-01 8.05E-02
2.20E-02
.785
.779
4.000
9.81E-02
7.60E-02
2.21E-02
.775
.790
4.500
9.44E-02 6.94E-02
2.50E-02
.735
.804
5.000
8.65E-02
6.30E-02
2.35E-02
.723
.821
5.500
7.97E-02
5.38E-02
2.60E-02
.674
.844
6.000
6.53E-02
3.53E-02 3.00E-02
.540
.871
6.200
6.34E-02
3.26E-02 3.08Е-Ф2
.514
.868
6.500
6.15E-02
2.96E-02
3.19E-02
.432
.862
7.200
9.60E-02
4.96E-02 4.64E-02
.517
.807
7.900
6.ЭЗЕ-02
2.61E-02
3.72E-02
.413
.913
8.200
7.12E-02
1.88E-02
5.24E-02
.264
.930
8.700
1.15E-01
1.12E-01
3.47E-02
4.76E-02
7.99E-02
.303 .856
8.700
1.15E-01
1.12E-01
3.47E-02
4.76E-02
6.40E-02
.427
.738
9.000
1.26E-01
5.37E-02
7.24E-02
.426
.679
9.200
1.36E-01
5.05E-02
8.57E-02
.371
.696
9.500
1.08E-01
4.82E-02
5.95E-02
.447
.712
9.800
9.81E-02
4.75E-02
5.06E-02
.484
.713
10.000
9.69E-02
4.70E-02 4.93E-02
.486
.713
10.591
8.84E-02
4.59E-02 4.24E-02
.520
.734
11.000
8.44E-02
4.67E-02
3.77E-02
.553
.729
11.500
8.13E-02
4.54E-02
3.59E-02
.558
.737
12.500
7.52E-02 4.19E-02
3.34E-02
.556
.75?
13.000
7.17E-02
3.81E-02 3.35E-02
.532
.775
14.000
7.41E-02 4.03E-02
3.33E-02
.551
.751
14.800
7.83E-02 4.00E-02
3.83E-02
.511
.738
15.000
9.03E-02
3.98E-02 5.04E-02
.441
.737
16.400
7.90E-02
3.99E-02 3.90E-02
.506
.717
17.200
18.000
8.07E-02
4.06E-02 4.01E-02
.503
.700
17.200
18.000
7.60E-02
3.85E-02 3.75E-02
.507
.702
18.500
7.52E-02
3.75E-02 3.77E-02
.493
.703
20.000
7.46E-02
3.19E-02
4.27E-02
.427
.702
21.300
22.500
7.63E-02
3.13E-02
4.51E-02
.410
.681
21.300
22.500
7.86E-02
3.32E-02
4.54E-02
.423
.650
25.000
7.37E-02
3.41E-02
4.4/E-02
.433
.623
27.900
7.33E-02
2.85E-02
4.48E-02
.389
.636
30.000
6.99E-02
2.41E-02
4.53E-02
.345
.641
35.000
6.90E-02
2.29E-02
4.6IE-02
.332
.602
40.000
7.09E-02
2.31E-02
4.77E-02
.326
.551
PARTICLE
NUMBER CONCENTRATION =
1.7198E+06
PART/CM**3
VOLUME
CONCENTRATION = 634.6 MICR0N*»3/CM**3
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- 23 -
Table 2.5 - (con't)
Ш'ЕШМОШ
EX 1 INCHON
(MICRON) ( KM-I )
.200 2.52E*00
.250 2.29E+00
.300 2.00E+00
.337
1.78E+00
.400
1.48E+00
.488
1.17E+00
.515
1.09E+00
.550
1.00E+00
.633 8.29E-01
.694 7.33E-01
.860 5.42E-01
1.060 4.10E 01
1.300 3.05E-01
1.536 2.43E-01
1.80Ф
1.81E-01
2.000
1.44E-01
2.250
1.24E-01
2.500
1.09E-01
2.700
1.17E-01
3.000
9.19E-02
3.200
7.95E-02
3.392
7.41E-02
3.500
7.22E-02
3.750
6.59E-02
4.000 6.12E-02
4.500 5.54E-02
5.000
4.80E-02
5.500
4.39E-02
6.000
3.94E-02
6.200
3.89E-02
6.500
3.81E-02
7.200
4.28E-02
7.900
3.58E-02
3.200
4.16E-02
8.500
5.85E-02
8.700
5.18E-02
9.000 5.41E-02
9.200 6.03E-02
9.500 4.09E-02
9.800 3.41E-02
10.000 3.30E-02
10.591 2.92E-02
11.000 2.62E-02
11.500 2.48E-02
12.500 2.30E-02
13.000 2.22E-02
14.000 2.23E-02
14.300 2.40E-02
15.000 3.20E-02
16.400 2.42E-02
17.200 2.49E-02
18.000 2.18E-02
18.500 2.15E-02
20.000 2.05E-02
21.300 2.03E-02
22.500 2.02E-02
25.000 2.06E-02
27.900
1.91E-02
30.000
1.82E-02
35.000
1.77E-02
40.000
1.84E-02
ШПАИ/Июи
IS'IIKIM.
MODEL
SCAITErmiij
ABSORPTION
( KM 1 ) ( KM 1 )
1.35E+00
1.17E»0O
1.36EK>0
9.30Ё-01
1.31E+00
6.87E-01
1.19E+00
5.99E-01
9.76E-01 5.02E-01
7.62E-01 4.04E-01
7.11E-01 3.82E-01
6.47E-01 3.53E-01
5.32E-01 2.97E-01
4.62E-01 2.71E-01
3.19E-01 2.23E-01
2.22E-01
1.83E-01
1.51E-01 1.54E-01
1.11E-01 1.33E-01
7.31E-02
1.08E-01
5.41E-02 9.03E-02
4.26E-02 8.18E-02
3.43E-02 7.50E-02
2.47E-02 9.26E-02
2.31E-02 6.39E-02
2.23E-02 5.72E-02
2.01E-02 5.40E-02
2.04E-02 5.18E-02
1.81E-02
4.78E-02
1.61E-02
4.51E-02
1.29E-02
4.25E-02
1.04E-02
3.76E-02
8.25E-03 3.57E-02
5.55E-03 3.39E-02
5.32E-03 3.36E-02
5.03E-03 3.31E-02
5.37E-03 3.75E-02
2.36E-03 3.35E-02
1.53E-03
4.01E-02
3.35E-03 5.51E-02
9.10E-03 4.27E-02
9.53E-03 4.46E-02
7.63E-03 5.27E-02
6.51E-03 3.44E-02
6.05E-03 2.80E-02
5.69E-03 2.73E-02
5.13E-03 2.40E-02
4.94E-03 2.13E-02
4.54E-03 2.02E-02
3.93E-03
1.90E-02
3.57E-03
1.36E-02
3.56E-03
1.88E-02
3.32E-03 2.07E-02
3.28E-03 2.88E-02
3.43E-03 2.07E-02
3.71E-03 2.12E-02
3.42E-03
1.84E-02
3.22E-03
1.83E-02
2.84E-03
1.77E-02
2.70E-03
1.76E-02
2.79E-03 1.74E 02
2.76E-03
1.78E-02
2.29E-03 1.68E 02
1.93E-03 1.63E-02
1.82E-03 1.59E-02
1.82E-03 1.66E-02
SIMOLE
ASYMMF.IRV
SCAI.ALH.
PARANE1EF
.535
,69*>
.593 .645
.657
.614
.665 .606
.660 .600
.654 .593
.651 .592
.647 .591
.641 .587
.631 .585
.588 .583
.542 .577
.494 .572
.455 .565
.403 .574
.375 .585
.342 .585
.314 .536
.211 .590
.251 .538
.281 .589
.271 .589
.233 .582
.274 .587
.262 .593
.233 .605
.217
.624
.188 .644
.141 .647
.137 .634
.132
.617
.125 .683
.066 .839
.037 .893
.«57 .750
.176 .434
.176 .462
.126 .493
.159 .548
.178 .566
.173
.578
.176 .612
.188 .624
.133 .645
.171 .682
.161 .696
.159 .700
.133 .708
.102 .703
.144 .667
.149 .634
.157 .646
.150 .659
.138 .643
.133 .636
.138 .618
.134
.604
.120 .619
.106 .626
.103 .571
.099 .544
PARTICLE NUMBER CONCENTRATION *
1.3196E+06
PART/CH»*3
VOLUME CONCENTRATION = 202.1 MCR0N**3/CM**3
- 24 -
*2,5 Atmospheric Aerosol Profiles
Table 2.5 provides the optical parameters of aero-
sols composed of the six basic components and of the three
aerosol models listed in Table 2.1 which consist of mixed
aerosol components. The parameters are normalized at 550 nm
wavelength where the extinction coefficient is set equal to
1.000.
These aerosol models can now be adjusted and composed
according to the user's needs in many different
ways.
E.g.
Shettle and Fenn (1975) have proposed a continuously varying
vertical distribution to model the measurements of Elterman
et al. (1973) and others. At the JSC Experts Meeting on Aerosol
and Climate (1981) more simple models have been adopted which
are described below.
The scaling of these models is accomplished by
prescribing the optical depth б for these layers at the
wavelength of 550 nm. Within these prescribed layers the
linear extinctioh coefficient at 550 nm, a
e
, is either constant,
linear between 22 and 30 km or varies exponentially with
height,
z. Thus the optical depth can directly be transformed
into the linear extinction coefficient. The twelve models
result from a combination of six tropospheric models with
two stratospheric models and one mesospheric model the charac-
teristics of which are given in Table 2.6.
The Tropospheric Profile I (URB) models an urban-
industrial environment. In the planetary boundary layer,
below 2 km, there is an Urban-Industrial Aerosol with an
optical depth of one at a wavelength of 0.55 ym and a u
=0.65.
The extinction coefficient is therefore 0.5 km"" . Above this
layer there is a "Free Tropospheric Aerosol", up to 12 km
based on the continental type, with an optical depth of
0.025
leading to an extinction, constant in height, of
0.0025
km" . Tropospheric Profile II (CONT I), is supposed to model
the average rural-continental aerosol content and is there-
fore based in its entirety on the continental type. The
optical depth in the boundary layer is 0.2 and the extinction
coefficient 0.1 km~ .
- 25 -
Table 2.6: Atmospheric aerosol profile characteristics
Aerosol Profile
Layer
km
Aerosol
Type
6 (550 nm) a (550 nm)
e 1
km"
1
I URB
0-2 urban/
industrial
l.O
0.5
I URB
Д-12
continental 1
0.025
О.СЮ25
II CONT-I
0-2
continental
0.2 0.1
II CONT-I
£-12
continental 1
0.025
О.СЮ25
III MAR-I
0-2
maritime
0.05
0.025
III MAR-I
2-12 continental 1
0.025
О.СЮ25
IV CONT-II
0-6
6-12
continental
continental
3.0
0.015
a e
D
e
f
о
a =1.157, R = 3 km
e,o и
О.СЮ25
V MAR-II
0-2 maritime 0.05
0.025
V MAR-II
2-6
continental
З.О 0.75
V MAR-II
6-12 ,continental
0.015
О.СЮ25
VI CONVECTIVE
(СТА)
0-4.382
continental
0.217
a e
D
e,o
a = 0.2
f
H
n
= 1.0 km
e
r
o D
VI CONVECTIVE
(СТА)
4.382-12
continental
I
0.019
0.0025
Background
Stratospheric
Aerosol (BSA)
, 12-20
75%.
H SO
1.744 x Ю"
3
2.18 xlo"
4
Background
Stratospheric
Aerosol (BSA)
20-30
75%
U^SO
A
2 4
О.ООЗ
-4
20 km: 2.18 x Ю
30 km: 3.32 x Ю
linear interpolation
Volcanic
Stratospheric
Aerosol (VSA)
12
"l?
t <- 1 month:
volcanic ash
t ^ 1 month:
75%
H
2
S0
4
О.ОЗОб
3.83 xlO~
3
Volcanic
Stratospheric
Aerosol (VSA)
20-30
t < 1 yr:
volcanic ash
1 < t <.5yr:
75%
U^SO
A
2
4
5 < t <_30 yr:
75%
H SO
О.З
O.l
0.05
2.31 x10~
2
7.68 x lO*"
3
3.83 x Ю~
3
Л
1 linear interpolation
IUpper
Atmospheric
Aerosol (UAA)
35
40
45
50
70
JJLOO^
75%
H SO
I
2.45x10~^
8.0Q x Ю
4.02 x Ю
2.lOx
ЮJ.
1.60 xlO
1
9.3QX
IP 1
t = time
- 26 -
The "Free Tropospheric Aerosol" region is equal in
extent and properties to that in Profile I. Tropospheric
Profile III, MAR I, models a relatively clear maritime
region.
The Maritime type aerosol exists in the boundary
layer with an optical depth of 0.05, leading to an extinction
coefficient of
0.025
kitT*
.
Above it again, we have the "Free
Tropospheric Aerosol"up to 12 km. Tropospheric Profile IV
(CONT II), models a continental desert atmosphere under
conditions of fairly heavy haze. The desert planetary
boundary layer of the continental type extends up to 6 km
with an optical depth of 3.0, which, assuming a scale
height of 3 km, leads to an extinction coefficient at the
surface of 1.157 km"
1
. Above the desert haze layer, we
again have the "Free Tropospheric Aerosol" up to 12 km
with an optical depth of 0.015 and an extinction coefficient
of О.СЮ25 km . The Tropospheric Profile Number V (MAR II)
models a desert haze outbreak over the low latitude Atlantic
Ocean.
The planetary boundary layer extends up to 2 km
and contains a marine type haze, MAR I, like in Profile III.
However, above that marine haze, there is a continental type
aerosol layer from 2 to б km with an optical depth of 3,
similar to Profile IV, leading to an extinction coefficient
of 0.75 km""
1
. Above the desert haze layer, we again have a
''Free
Tropospheric
Aerosol'
1
with an optical depth of 0.015
and an extinction coefficient of
0.0025
knf
1
.A last Tropospheric
Profile
(СТА),
models average convective conditions, in
which the total optical depth up to 12 km is kept to 0.217
and a scale height of 1 km is introduced to keep most of
the aerosol in the boundary layer.
The particles in Model IV and V are not necessarily
extremely large. There is no specific "desert" aerosol model.
All large particle fractions of the "continental aerosols"
are modelled by the same "dust-like" component. Over the
desert this would not describe a sandstorm, but kind of a
steady-state dust
pall.
The aerosol over deserts shows large
variations in space and time of the refractive index,
depending on the source of the absorbing particles, their
length of stay in the atmosphere and their distance from
the source. No model is proposed for the time being for such
conditions.
This task has to wait until one goes to a new
climatology.
The boundary layer models, if combined with the
free troposphere model, expose strong discontinuities at
the top of the boundary layer. Though this is a simplifi-
cation,
such conditions sometimes exist under high pressure
conditions and are therefore not unrealsitic. For mean con-
vective situations, however, a more smooth distribution has
to be applied as offered by the СТА model.