AFRICA
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM SEPTEMBER 2009 45
A
CCESS TO ELECTRICITY
With the increasingly high price of oil, it is even more necessary to tap
the abundant hydro power resources available in the country in order
to benefit rural farmers. The development of new schemes would
likely by welcomed by the rural communities. For example, during
the consultation mission, numerous farmers and other locals came out
to watch the Chinese specialists working with Kenyan engineers, even
helping to make site access easier by chopping tree branches and crops.
When asked why they were helping, the reply was simple: ‘Because
there will soon be electricity which is a very good thing’.
At present, rural electrification in the country is still quite low – only
around 10% – with many potential hydro sites unutilized. However,
the Kenyan government has said that it expects small hydro stations
to play a very significant role in the provision of clean and affordable
energy in the future. In order to facilitate the development of small
hydro resources, in its Session Paper on Energy No. 4 (2004) the gov-
ernment came up with a number of policies and strategies, including:
• Continuous collection of hydrological data from all of the country’s
drainage basins with a view to determining small hydro potential.
• Package and disseminate information on s mall hydro to create
investor and consumer awareness on its economic potential. This
will include establishment of community based pilot projects.
• Remove existing legal and regulatory barriers (amendment of
Electric Power Act, 1997) to allow vertically integrated mini-grid
systems for rural electrification using small hydro even in areas
where licenses have been issued to public electricity supplier.
• Formulate and enforce standards and codes of practice.
• Promote development of local capacity for manufacture, installa-
tion, maintenance and operation of small hydro technologies.
• Fiscal incentives to financial institutions to support small schemes.
C
ONSTRUCTION STARTS
In early January 2009, the authors were delighted to be informed
that the developer of Gikiri and Chinga small hydro stations had
received loans for the project, and that construction had begun on
both sites. Th e two projects are expec ted to be commis sioned at
the end of this year.
Pan Daqing, Chief of Foreign Affairs & Training, and Lin
Xuxin, Deputy Chief Engineer, Hangzhou Regional
Center for Small Hydropower. Email: dqpan@hrcshp.org
or visit www.hrcshp.org
I
N the summer of 2008, the Hangzhou Regional Center for
Small Hydropower was invited by Kenya’s Power Technology
Solutions Co to send two representatives to visit the country and
consult on hydro developments. The specialists were asked to
help select dam and powerhouse sites, determine heads and installed
capacity, assist with general layout and determine the type and size
of potential civil works. Three sites of particular interest were Gikiri,
Chinga and Ihuririo in the Othaya Division of the Nyeri District.
After visiting the three sites for reconnaissance, followed by a further
trip to the Gikiri and Chinga sites to assist local surveyors, and the col-
lection and analysis of hydrological data, the specialists concluded that
Gikiri and Chinga were the most suitable sites for development.
C
HINGA PROJECT
Chinga reservoir was established in 2007 to supply fresh water for local
farmers. The catchment area above the dam site is 38km
2
and the ele-
vation in the reservoir area is 1920m. Based on the local hydrological
data provided, the multi-year mean precipitation is as high as 1400mm.
Previously, local technicians had estimated 12m head at the site.
However, following a couple of site visits and further research by the
Chinese specialists, a 22.5m head was determined. The specialists
helped select the most appropriate location for a new powerhouse
and designed the layout of the necessary penstock. It was decided
that one 400kW Francis turbine should be installed at the project,
offering annual mean power generation of 1.4MkWh. The reservoir
would provide daily regulation function for the hydro power station.
It was also concluded that no large-scale excavation or dam con-
struction would be necessary, thus reducing investment costs and
environmental impact. Only a small weir at the spillway would be
needed, together with a diversion canal, forebay, penstock, power-
house and substation. The intake of the diversion canal and the sluice
gate should be situated on the left bank. The total length of the diver-
sion canal would need to be around 150m and the penstock should
be 55m long with the slope 25˚. Transportation would not be a prob-
lem at the site, as the highway is just at the side of the reservoir.
With the design of the new project, the original function of fresh
water supply and fishery would remain unaffected.
G
IKIRI PROJECT
The proposed Gikiri project site is located at the lower reach of the
Chinga site. Th e catchment area h ere is around 100km
2
and the
annual mean flow at the dam site is 2.5m
3
/sec. The rated head at the
site was determined at 20.5m and multiyear mean power generation
at 2.8MkWh, utilizing two 400kW Francis units.
At the Gikiri site, local technicians had estimated the discharge as
15m
3
/sec. Following site investigations and analysis however, the
rated design flow was determined at around 5m
3
/sec.
Two small hydro specialists from
the Hangzhou Regional Center for
Small Hydropower in China were
invited on a consultation mission to
Kenya to help select and design
projects for development in the country.
Here, Pan Daqing and Lin Xuxin share their
experiences of the trip with IWP&DC
On a mission in Kenya
IWP& DC
Site investigations showed that the proposed Chinga small hydro power
project could make use of an existing reservoir