Water Power and Dam Construction. Issue February 2010
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
FEBRUARY 2010
Serving the hydro industry for over 60 years
Focus on South America
Lessons on dam safety
Beyond blueprints
Hydro project supports communities
INTERNATIONAL
& DAM CONSTRUCTION
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM
Water Power
INTERNATIONAL
& DAM CONSTRUCTION
Water Power
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM
CONTENTS
Editor
Carrieann Stocks
Tel: +44 20 8269 7777
carrieannstocks@globaltrademedia.com
Contributing Editors
Patrick Reynolds
Suzanne Pritchard
Editorial Assistants
Elaine Sneath
,
Tracey Honney
Advertising Sales
Scott Galvin
Tel: +44 20 8269 7820
scottgalvin@globaltrademedia.com
Deo Dipchan
Tel: +44 20 8269 7825
deodipchan@globaltrademedia.com
Tim Price
Tel: +44 20 8269 7822
timprice@globaltrademedia.com
Classified Advertising
Diane Stanbury
Tel: +44 20 8269 7854
dianestanbury@globaltrademedia.com
Senior Graphic Designer
Natalie Kyne
Production Controller
Lyn Shaw
Publishing Director
Jon Morton
Offices
United Kingdom: Global Trade Media,
Progressive House, 2 Maidstone Road,
Foots Cray, Sidcup, Kent DA14 5HZ, UK.
Tel: +44 20 8269 7700, Fax: +44 20 8269 7804,
Email: carrieannstocks@globaltrademedia.com
Italy: Ediconsult Internazionale, Piazza Fontane Marose
3, 16123 GENOVA, Italy
Tel: +39 010 583 684, Fax: +39 010 566 578
Japan: Masayuki Harihara, Yukari Media Inc., 3-4
Uchihiranomachi, 3 Chome chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0037,
Japan. Tel: +81 6 4790 2222, Fax: +81 6 4793 0800.
Email: ymi4886@cello.ocn.ne.jp
Subscription Office
For subscription enquiries, single copies or back issues:
Global Trade Media, PO Box 99, Sidcup DA15 OEN, UK
Tel: +44 845 155 1845, Fax: +44 20 8269 7877
Email: cs@progressivemediagroup.com
North America only
International Water Power & Dam Construction (ISSN
0306-400X) is published monthly by Global Trade Media,
Progressive House, 2 Maidstone Road, Foots Cray, Sidcup
DA14 5HZ, UK. Periodicals postage paid at Rahway, NJ.
Postmaster: send address corrections to International
Water Power & Dam Construction c/o BTB Mailflight Ltd,
365 Blair Rd, Avenel, NJ 07001. US agent: BTB Mailflight
Ltd, 365 Blair Rd, Avenel, NJ 07001.
Subscription Rates 1 YEAR
UK UK£258
USA/Canada airspeed US$478
Europe, inc EU, airspeed Euro 439
Rest of world airspeed US$541
These rates include the Yearbook and digital edition.
Digital edition only UK£232.20
Published by Global Trade Media,
a trading division of Progressive Media
Group Limited. Registered address:
Progressive House, 2 Maidstone Road,
Foots Cray, Sidcup, Kent DA14 5HZ, UK.
© 2009 Global Trade Media.
Printed by Williams Press Ltd.
MEMBER OF THE AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION
The paper used in this magazine is obtained
from manufacturers who operate within
internationally recognised standards.
The paper is made from Elementary Chlorine
Free (ECF) pulp, which is sourced from
sustainable, properly managed forestation.
).4%2.!4)/.!,7!4%20/7%2$!-#/.3425#4)/.s)33.86olumeNumbersFEBRUARY 2010 3
DAM
ENGINEERING
ModernPowerSystems
COMMUNICATING POWER TECHNOLOGY WORLDWIDE
COVER: Read how the Tekeze
project is bringing new educational
opportunities to Ethiopia on p28
32
41
24
14
36
PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
48
WORLD MARKETPLACE
REGULARS
4
WORLD NEWS
12
DIARY
FEATURES
INTERVIEW
10
Emerging figures in the industry
The first in our series of interviews with individuals under
the age of 35 already making an impact in the industry
APPOINTMENTS
11
Executive movements
The latest appointments in the industry
SOUTH AMERICA
14
Focus on South America
Details on 10 projects under development in the region
TURBINES
20
Storming ahead
Rainpower is advancing its new turbine development
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
24
Properly equipped
We take a look at the latest tunnelling equipment
26
Out of the ordinary at Iffezheim
Developments in the boring project at the German plant
TRAINING
28
Building a better world – beyond blueprints
The Tekeze project has opened up new educational
opportunities for the local community
DAM SAFETY
32
Life-span of storage dams
Which factors impact the life of a dam?
36
Lessons from Massingir
What can designers learn from the African project?
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
41
Updating the floodgates
Improving flood management at Kinloch Rannoch Weir
42
Baffling the Burn of Mosset
The use of a baffled crump weir flow control structure
4 FEBRUARY 2010 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
WORLD NEWS
S
COTLAND’S HYDRO POTENTIAL
is nearly double the amount
previously estimated in 2008,
according to a study published on
behalf of the country’s government.
An update on the 2008 study on
Scotland’s hydro resources now
estimates there could be 1.2GW of
potential new hydro capacity in 7043
schemes. This compares to 657MW
according to the 2008 study.
The study has taken account of
micro-hydro schemes under 100kW
and has factored in payments to
supply electricity to the grid.
New hydro schemes must be sus-
tainable and the Scottish Government
has published a short policy state-
ment on its support for hydro while
protecting the water environment.
“There is a clear untapped poten-
tial for smaller, community hydro
schemes which can create green
energy and tackle climate change,”
said Energy Minister Jim Mather.
“While large scale renewable energy
development is helping drive econom-
ic recovery, there could also be sub-
stantial economic and social benefit
from micro-hydro schemes. Today’s
report identifies the welcome poten-
tial for hundreds of new jobs in hydro
power in manufacturing, installation
and distribution.
“In optimising that potential, care
must be taken to avoid adverse
impacts on our water environment.
Our policy statement published today
supports this approach and SEPA
is developing guidance to help the
sector prevent such impacts.
“While every new scheme must
be assessed on its own merits, if we
can tap into new hydro power we can
tackle climate change and continue
to stimulate sustainable economic
growth,” he added.
The increase in site numbers com-
pared to the 2008 study is largely
in the sub-100 W range due to the
favourable tariff for micro-hydro.
The Scottish Environment
Protection Agency (SEPA) will be
developing guidance to facilitate the
appropriate siting and authorisation
of sub 100kW schemes which will be
available in Spring.
Forestry Commission Scotland is
maximising its contribution to gener-
ating clean, renewable energy. There
is potential from the national forest
estate to produce 50MW and the
Commission is currently discussing
development potential with a number
of interested parties.
The British Hydropower Association
(BHA) welcomed the publication of the
report, however, in a statement it said
the report reviews different growth
scenarios up to the year 2030 and
the major bottleneck is in the amount
of skill available in Scotland and the
UK to achieve worthwhile targets.
To create jobs, meet renew-
able energy targets and fight climate
change, the organisation says the
Scottish and UK government support
is needed to optimise hydro devel-
opment in areas such as: training
in hydro skills; streamlining of con-
sents processes; removal of unwieldy
and inappropriate bureaucracy; and
improved infrastructure
“Hydro is better placed than some
other renewable energy technologies
and can accelerate quicker to meet
demand,” said BHA Chief Executive
David Williams. “We have an existing
hydro industry which before the rush
for UK renewable energy develop-
ment relied heavily on export work.
Now, with a flourishing home market,
we are well placed to provide the bulk
of equipment and services required to
maximise on this opportunity.”
Scottish hydro potential double
early estimates, says report
WORLD
NEWS
WORLD
NEWS
www.waterpowermagazine.com
Research says ocean energy could reach 200GW by 2025
T
HE GLOBAL OCEAN ENERGY
industry could reach up to
200GW installed capacity by
2025, according to a recent report by
market research and consulting firm
Pike Research.
The report – Hydrokinetic and
Ocean Energy – assesses the
market opportunity for five main
types of marine and hydrokinetic
energy technologies: ocean wave,
tidal stream, river hydrokinetic,
ocean current, and ocean thermal.
It includes an examination of busi-
ness drivers, regulatory issues,
implementation challenges, and
the competitive landscape, along
with detailed market forecasts for
each technology.
According to Pike Research’s
scenario-based forecasting model
for the ocean energy industry, tech-
nological success and the right regu-
latory environment could yield global
power generation capacity of up to
200GW by 2025. On the other hand,
if early projects have limited suc-
cess, are too costly, or do not enjoy
a favourable public policy regime,
the marine renewable sector could
be relegated to niche status, reach-
ing no more than 25GW in global
capacity by 2025.
For further information on
the report, please visit www.pikere-
search.com.
Japan, ADB approve grant for Bhutan’s rivers
B
HUTAN IS GETTING SUPPORT
from the Asian Development
Bank (ADB) and Japan to coun-
ter the harmful impacts of climate
change on its rivers.
The Japan Special Fund, financed
by the Government of Japan and
administered by ADB, is providing
a $700,000 grant for building up
the capacity of Bhutan’s National
Environment Commission (NEC). The
grant will boost the ability of NEC
to adequately assess and promote
hydro power and other renewable
energy projects suitable for availing of
the Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol, and
for potential carbon trading. There
is considerable scope for tapping
the CDM as Bhutan and India - the
main purchaser of Bhutan’s electric-
ity exports - are planning more hydro
power projects with combined output
of about 10,000MW.
The NEC is the designated national
authority for climate change issues
and handles projects that are eligible
for carbon credits under the Kyoto
Protocol. However, it currently lacks
the staff and other capacity for devel-
oping mitigation and adaptation meas-
ures that can counter climate change.
Bhutan’s rivers are the backbone
of the economy, with exports of hydro
power-generated electricity accounting
for more than 40% of national reve-
nue, while 70% of the population lives
in rural areas and depends heavily on
irrigated agriculture. Climate change
threatens to have a serious impact on
river flows as a result of changing pat-
terns of rain and snowfall, flash floods
exacerbated by melting glaciers, and
acute droughts in the dry season.
“The technical assistance will help
create functioning and sustainable cli-
mate change mitigation and adapta-
tion systems for combined energy and
water resources in the country,” said
Kaoru Ogino, Senior Energy Specialist
in ADB’s South Asia Department.
In spite of vital water resources for
Bhutan, no single ministry or govern-
ment agency is currently in charge of
overseeing integrated resource man-
agement. The project will help NEC
coordinate the differing ministries
and agencies involved in the process,
ahead of the eventual establishment
of a single body.
It will also boost NEC’s ability to
expand Bhutan’s access to financing
for climate change mitigation and adap-
tation projects. The assistance will be
coordinated with the work of other civil
society groups and donors, including
Danish International Development
Assistance, Japan International
Cooperation Agency, and United
Nations Development Programme.
The Government of Bhutan will
provide $50,000 equivalent for the
project, which has a total cost of
$750,000. NEC is the executing
agency, with the work to be carried
out over 18 months.
W
WW.WATERP
O
WERMA
G
AZINE.
CO
M
F
EBR
U
AR
Y
20
1
0
5
WO
RLD NEW
S
In brief
N
I
N
E
E
U
R
O
P
E
A
N
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
a
r
e
j
o
i
n
i
n
g
f
o
f
f
r
c
e
s
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
6
0
0
0
k
m
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
-
s
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
p
a
n
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
N
o
r
t
h
S
e
a
,
w
i
t
h
p
l
a
n
s
t
o
l
i
n
k
h
y
d
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
N
o
r
w
a
y
w
i
t
h
t
i
d
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
a
l
o
n
g
t
h
e
D
a
n
i
s
h
a
n
d
B
e
l
g
i
a
n
c
o
a
s
t
s
,
a
n
d
B
r
i
t
i
s
h
a
n
d
G
e
r
m
a
n
o
f
f
f
f
-
f
f
s
h
o
r
e
w
i
n
d
f
a
f
f
r
m
s
a
n
d
s
o
l
a
r
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
.
G
e
r
m
a
n
y
,
F
r
a
n
c
e
,
B
e
l
g
i
u
m
,
t
h
e
N
e
t
h
e
r
l
a
n
d
s
,
L
u
x
e
m
b
o
u
r
g
,
D
e
n
m
a
r
k
,
S
w
e
d
e
n
,
I
r
e
l
a
n
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
U
K
h
a
v
e
a
l
l
s
i
g
n
e
d
u
p
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
,
w
h
i
c
h
w
o
u
l
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
e
c
u
-
r
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
n
d
h
e
l
p
t
h
e
E
U
m
e
e
t
i
t
s
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
t
a
r
g
e
t
f
o
f
f
r
2
0
2
0
.
C
HIN
A
HA
S
S
I
G
NED
a
l
etter o
f
u
n
d
erstan
d
ing
t
o
p
rovi
d
e
U
S
1
.7B cre
d
it
f
or construct
i
on
of
th
e
1
5
00
MW
C
oca-Co
d
o
S
i
nc
l
air pro
j
ect,
E
c
ua
d
or’s
l
argest
h
y
d
roe
l
ectric
s
c
h
eme.
E
xpecte
d
t
o cos
t
U
S
$
2M,
C
oca-Co
d
o
S
i
nc
l
air wi
ll
inc
l
u
d
e
c
onstruct
i
on
of
a
dam
a
m
a
n
d
powerhouse
ouse
on
th
e
C
oca
River
e
r
an
d
24
k
m
of
tunnellin
ling
w
or
k
.
B
ac
k
i
n
Oct
ctober
l
ast y
ear
,
th
e
gove
ernment
of
E
c
ua
d
or
awa
arded
Ch
inese
fi
rm
S
in
nohydro
C
orporat
i
on
a
co
ontract
t
o
b
ui
ld
t
h
e
proj
oject
i
n
N
ap
o
.
FR
A
N
N
C
E-
B
A
S
E
D
energ
y
producer
cer
Ve
lc
an
E
nerg
y
h
as
signed
d
a
a
j
o
i
n
t
ven
t
ure
a
greemen
t
with
with
La
o
P
D
R
s
tate-owne
d
C
ompany
ny
E
l
ectrica
l
C
o
nstruct
i
on
a
n
d
I
nsta
ll
ation
(
EC
I
)
f
or t
h
e
d
eve
l
opment
of
h
y
d
ro
p
ower pro
j
ects wit
h
a
c
om
b
ine
d
c
apac
i
ty o
f
300
MW.
Th
e
fi
rms
pl
an
t
o
b
ui
ld
s
evera
l
pl
ants
w
it
h
c
apac
i
t
i
es
b
e
l
ow 5
0
MW
.
G
r
e
e
n
k
o
t
o
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
n
e
w
h
y
d
r
o
a
s
s
e
t
s
i
n
I
n
d
i
a
I
ND
IA
N
C
L
EA
N
E
N
ER
G
Y
D
E
V
E
L
OP
-
E
R
G
r
e
e
n
k
o
i
s
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
t
oa
c
q
u
i
r
e
2
0
.
2
5
M
W
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
h
y
d
r
o
a
s
s
e
t
s
a
n
d
l
i
c
e
n
c
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
-
m
e
n
to
f
a
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
1
0
0
M
W
o
f
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
r
o
m
H
e
m
a
v
a
t
h
y
P
o
w
e
r
&
L
i
g
h
t
P
v
t
vv
L
t
L
L
d
.
T
h
e
ope
r
a
t
i
n
g
a
s
s
e
t
s
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
e
t
w
t
t
o
5
M
W
p
l
a
n
t
s
i
n
H
i
m
a
c
h
a
l
P
r
a
d
e
s
h
i
n
t
h
e
C
h
a
m
b
a
a
n
d
K
a
n
g
r
a
d
i
s
t
r
i
c
t
s
a
n
d
a
1
0
.
2
5
M
W
p
l
a
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
A
r
k
a
v
a
t
i
R
i
v
e
r
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
o
f
K
a
r
n
a
t
a
k
a
.
T
h
e
H
i
m
a
c
h
a
l
P
r
a
d
e
s
h
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
h
a
v
e
h
i
g
h
l
o
a
d
f
a
f
f
c
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
o
v
e
r
6
0
%
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
s
n
o
w
f
e
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
i
n
H
i
m
a
c
h
a
l
P
r
a
d
e
s
h
.
T
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
n
K
a
r
n
a
t
a
k
a
i
s
a
r
a
i
n
-
f
e
d
r
i
v
e
r
w
i
t
h
a
l
o
a
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
o
f
u
p
t
o
4
0
%
.
A
l
l
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
h
a
v
e
l
o
n
g
t
e
r
m
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
s
w
i
t
h
S
t
a
t
e
u
t
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
l
l
h
a
v
e
a
t
o
t
a
l
c
o
s
to
f
E
u
r
2
4
M
w
h
i
c
h
G
r
ee
n
k
o
e
x
p
e
c
t
s
t
o
fi
n
a
n
c
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
r
r
o
w
i
n
g
s
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
l
y
7
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
a
n
d
t
h
ee
q
u
i
t
y
r
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
r
a
i
s
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
G
l
o
b
a
l
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
F
u
n
d
s
u
b
s
c
r
i
p
-
t
i
o
n
w
h
i
c
h
c
l
o
s
e
d
o
n
2
5
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
9
.
T
h
e
G
r
o
u
p
h
a
s
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
d
d
e
b
t
l
e
v
e
r
a
g
e
w
i
t
h
a
l
o
c
a
l
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
p
a
r
t
r
r
n
e
r
,
Y
e
s
B
a
n
k
.
G
r
e
e
n
k
o
w
i
l
l
a
l
s
o
a
q
u
i
r
e
l
i
c
e
n
s
e
s
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
o
f
2
5
M
W
r
u
n
-
o
f
-
f
f
r
i
v
e
r
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
t
ota
l
l
i
n
g
1
0
0
M
W
o
n
t
h
e
C
a
u
v
e
r
i
R
i
v
e
r
i
n
K
a
r
n
a
t
a
k
a
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
-
p
a
n
y
a
n
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
s
t
h
a
tt
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
w
i
l
l
b
eco
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
xx
t
h
r
e
e
y
e
a
r
s
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
a
t
o
t
a
l
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
e
x
p
e
n
d
i
t
u
r
e
o
f
9
0
M
.
T
h
e
s
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
w
i
l
l
b
e
7
0
%
f
u
n
d
e
d
t
h
r
ou
g
h
d
e
b
t
.
C
ANAD
I
A
N
U
T
I
L
I
T
Y
H
Y
D
R
O
Q
u
e
b
e
c
w
i
l
l
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
s
s
e
t
s
o
f
N
e
w
B
r
u
n
s
w
i
c
kP
o
w
e
r
–
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
7
h
y
d
r
o
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
–
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
-
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
o
f
n
e
g
o
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
a
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
g
g
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
s
o
f
N
e
w
B
r
u
n
s
w
i
c
k
a
n
d
Q
u
é
b
e
c
.
A
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
a
g
l
o
b
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
w
o
r
t
h
$
3
.
2
B
,
H
y
d
r
o
-
Q
u
é
b
e
c
w
i
l
l
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
N
B
P
o
w
e
r
’
s
g
e
n
-
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
s
s
e
t
s
f
o
r
$
1
.
8
B
.
T
h
i
s
w
i
l
l
i
n
clude
the
se
v
en
h
y
d
roe
l
ectr
i
c
g
e
n
-
erat
i
ng
f
acilities
,
t
w
o
diesel
pea
ki
ng
u
n
i
t
s
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
g
r
i
d
a
n
d
fi
r
m
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
r
i
g
h
t
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
s
s
e
t
s
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
6
7
0
M
W
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
r
igh
ts
with
N
e
w
E
n
gl
an
d
.
H
y
d
r
o
-
Q
u
é
b
e
c
w
i
l
l
a
l
s
o
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
the
P
o
int
L
ep
reau
n
uclear
f
acilit
y
f
o
r
$
1
.
4
B
u
p
o
n
i
t
s
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
r
e
f
u
r
b
i
s
h
-
m
e
n
t
i
n
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2
0
1
1
.
T
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
-
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
a
r
m
s
o
f
N
B
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
f
e
r
r
a
l
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
P
o
i
n
t
L
e
p
r
e
a
u
r
e
f
u
r
b
i
s
h
m
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
b
e
r
e
t
a
i
n
e
d
b
y
N
e
w
B
r
u
n
s
w
ick
.
H
y
d
r
o
-
Q
u
é
b
e
c
w
i
l
l
a
c
t
a
s
a
n
e
l
e
c
-
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
t
t
w
h
o
l
e
s
a
l
e
r
t
o
N
B
P
o
w
e
r
.
U
n
d
e
r
a
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
,
H
y
d
r
o
-
Q
u
é
b
e
c
w
i
l
l
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
N
B
P
o
w
e
r
w
i
t
h
a
n
a
n
n
u
a
l
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
f
1
4
T
W
h
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
-
i
t
y
t
t
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
fi
r
s
t
fi
v
e
y
e
a
r
s
,
t
h
a
t
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
i
l
l
b
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
data
p
r
i
c
e
o
f
7
.
3
5
¢
p
e
r
k
W
h
.
A
s
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
l
y
a
n
n
o
u
n
c
e
d
,
a
f
t
ff
e
r
t
h
a
t
p
e
r
i
o
d
t
h
e
p
r
i
c
e
w
i
l
l
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
n
l
y
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
N
e
w
B
r
u
n
s
w
i
c
k
’
s
C
o
n
s
u
m
e
r
P
r
i
c
e
I
n
d
e
x
(
C
P
I
)
.
N
e
w
B
r
u
n
s
w
i
c
k
w
i
l
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
t
h
i
s
h
e
r
i
t
a
g
e
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
i
t
y
b
y
c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
t
w
o
p
o
o
l
s
:
o
n
e
o
f
4
.
5
T
W
h
f
o
r
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
c
u
s
t
o
m
e
r
s
a
n
d
o
n
e
o
f
9
.
5
T
W
h
f
o
r
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
,
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
w
h
o
l
e
-
sa
l
e
custo
m
e
r
s
.
N
B
P
o
w
e
r
w
i
l
l
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
o
w
n
e
r
-
r
r
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
ope
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
’
s
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
a
s
s
e
t
s
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
o
f
t
h
e
G
r
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
n
f
a
f
f
c
i
l
i
t
y
t
t
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
to
t
h
e
i
s
l
a
n
do
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
n
a
m
e
.
T
h
e
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
g
e
n
e
r
-
r
r
a
t
i
n
g
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
a
t
C
o
l
e
s
o
n
C
o
v
e
a
n
d
B
e
l
l
e
d
u
n
e
w
i
l
l
a
l
s
o
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
t
o
b
e
o
w
n
e
d
b
y
N
B
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
w
i
l
l
s
u
p
p
l
y
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
t
t
t
o
H
y
d
r
o
-
Q
u
é
b
e
c
u
n
d
e
r
t
o
l
l
-
i
n
g
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
c
l
o
s
e
o
n
o
r
a
b
o
u
t
3
1
M
a
r
c
h
2
0
1
0
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
s
s
e
t
s
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
d
,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
e
x
c
e
p
-
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
o
i
n
t
L
e
p
r
e
a
u
f
a
f
f
c
i
l
i
t
y
t
t
.
T
h
i
s
c
on
c
l
u
d
e
s
t
h
e
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
Q
u
é
b
e
c
a
n
d
N
e
w
B
r
u
n
s
w
i
c
k
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
2
0
0
9
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
s
u
l
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
a
m
e
m
o
r
a
n
d
u
m
o
f
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
2
9
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
0
9
.
H
y
d
r
o
-
Q
u
e
b
e
c
a
n
d
N
e
w
B
r
u
n
s
w
i
c
k
P
o
w
e
r
i
n
fi
n
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
g
r
e
em
e
n
t
E
T
H
I
O
P
I
A
’
S
4
2
0
M
W
G
I
L
G
E
L
G
i
b
e
I
I
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
w
a
s
o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
a
u
g
u
r
a
t
e
d
o
n
1
3
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
i
n
a
c
e
r
e
m
o
n
y
a
t
t
e
n
d
e
d
b
y
f
o
r
e
i
g
n
a
n
d
E
t
h
i
o
p
i
a
n
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
fi
f
f
-
c
i
a
l
s
,
m
e
d
i
a
a
n
d
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
l
a
n
t
i
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
h
y
d
r
o
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
n
E
t
h
i
o
p
i
a
.
I
t
f
e
f
f
a
t
u
r
e
s
4
x
1
0
5
M
W
p
e
l
t
o
n
u
n
i
t
s
,
a
2
6
k
m
T
B
M
t
u
n
n
e
l
,
p
e
n
s
t
o
c
k
s
a
n
d
s
u
r
f
r
r
a
f
f
c
e
p
o
w
e
r
-
r
r
h
o
u
s
e
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
w
a
s
b
u
i
l
t
b
y
I
ta
l
i
a
n
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
f
i
r
m
S
a
l
i
n
i
C
o
s
t
r
u
t
t
o
r
i
,
d
es
ig
ne
d
by
Stud
i
o
P
i
etran
g
e
li
,w
ith
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
b
y
E
L
C
-
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
c
o
n
s
u
l
t
.
T
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
r
r
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
r
r
j
o
e
c
t
c
c
o
n
t
h
e
O
m
o
R
i
v
e
r
,
G
i
l
g
e
l
G
i
b
e
I
I
I
,
i
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
u
n
d
e
r
c
o
n
s
t
ss
r
u
c
t
cc
i
o
n
.
O
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
t
t
,
t
h
i
s
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
e
x
e
e
p
e
c
t
c
c
e
t
t
d
t
o
t
t
g
e
g
g
n
e
r
a
rr
t
a
a
e
t
t
1
8
7
0
M
W
f
o
f
f
r
E
t
E
E
h
i
o
p
i
a
,
a
l
l
o
w
o
o
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
u
n
t
r
y
r
r
t
o
t
t
e
x
e
e
p
o
r
t
rr
p
o
w
o
o
e
w
w
r
t
o
t
t
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
r
e
rr
g
i
o
n
s
.
E
t
h
i
o
p
i
a
i
n
a
u
g
u
r
a
t
e
s
G
i
l
g
e
l
G
i
b
e
I
I
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
View of the main weir.
Courtesy ELC-Electroconsult
6
F
EBR
U
ARY
20
1
0
I
NTERNATI
O
NA
L
WATER
PO
WER
&
DAM
CO
N
S
TR
UC
TI
O
N
WO
RLD NEW
S
In brief
R
W
RR
E
W
W
N
P
O
W
E
W
W
R
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
s
h
a
s
s
i
g
n
e
d
a
n
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
N
o
r
t
h
u
m
b
r
i
a
n
W
a
t
e
r
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
7
5
0
k
W
k
k
h
y
d
r
o
e
l
e
c
-
t
r
i
c
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
t
t
h
e
U
K
UU
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
t
t
’
s
S
e
l
s
e
t
R
e
s
e
r
v
o
i
r
i
n
t
h
e
T
e
e
s
V
a
l
l
e
y
.
W
o
r
k
o
n
t
h
e
£
2
.
5
M
(
U
S
$
4
M
)
S
e
l
s
e
t
h
y
d
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
w
i
l
l
b
e
g
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
i
n
2
0
1
0
.
I
t
w
i
l
l
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
-
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
-
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
r
o
a
d
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
p
o
w
e
r
-
h
o
u
s
e
,
t
o
b
e
b
u
i
l
t
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
y
tt
l
e
o
f
a
T
e
e
s
d
a
l
e
f
a
f
f
r
m
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
t
o
n
e
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
a
p
i
t
c
h
e
d
r
o
o
f
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
p
l
a
n
t
w
i
l
l
a
d
d
t
o
N
o
r
t
h
u
m
b
r
i
a
n
W
a
t
e
r
’
s
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
a
t
K
i
e
l
d
e
r
W
a
t
e
r
,
N
o
r
t
h
e
r
n
E
u
r
o
p
e
’
s
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
m
a
n
-
m
a
d
e
r
e
s
e
r
v
o
i
r
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
l
s
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
w
i
t
h
R
W
R
R
E
W
W
n
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
s
.
I
R
I
I
A
R
R
N
A
A
H
A
HH
S
A
A
A
G
A
A
R
G
G
E
R
R
E
E
E
D
E
E
T
O
T
T
d
e
v
e
e
e
v
v
l
e
e
o
p
oo
t
w
t
t
o
w
w
n
e
w
e
e
h
y
hh
d
y
y
r
d
d
o
r
r
p
r
p
p
o
rr
j
o
e
c
t
c
c
s
w
i
w
w
t
ii
h
t
t
a
c
o
c
c
m
b
m
i
n
i
i
e
d
c
a
c
c
p
aa
a
c
a
a
i
cc
t
i
i
y
t
t
o
f
3
6
M
6
W
M
M
i
n
i
i
G
e
o
r
o
o
g
r
r
i
g
g
a
,
a
a
c
a
a
c
c
c
o
c
c
r
o
d
rr
i
d
d
n
i
i
g
n
n
t
o
t
t
r
e
rr
p
e
e
o
r
o
t
rr
s
f
r
f
f
o
rr
m
l
o
c
a
c
c
l
a
a
m
e
d
i
d
d
a
.
T
h
T
T
e
T
e
TT
h
e
e
r
h
h
a
n
a
a
T
i
T
T
m
i
i
e
s
r
e
r
r
p
e
e
o
r
o
t
rr
e
t
t
d
t
h
tt
a
t
a
a
I
r
I
I
a
n
a
a
i
nn
a
n
a
a
M
i
M
M
n
i
i
i
nn
s
t
e
t
t
r
e
e
M
a
j
a
a
i
d
N
a
m
a
a
j
j
mm
o
o
o
o
m
m
e
e
t
t
e
e
e
w
i
w
w
t
ii
h
t
t
G
e
o
r
o
o
g
rr
i
g
g
a
n
a
a
C
C
o
o
u
n
u
u
t
nn
e
t
t
r
e
e
p
r
r
a
r
a
a
t
rr
A
l
AA
e
x
e
e
a
n
aa
d
e
r
e
e
K
K
h
h
KK
KK
e
t
e
e
a
g
a
a
u
gg
r
u
u
i
rr
t
o
tt
d
i
dd
s
-
c
u
c
c
s
s
t
h
t
t
e
t
t
e
t
t
r
e
e
m
r
r
s
o
f
t
h
t
t
e
p
r
p
o
r
r
p
o
o
s
e
d
p
r
p
p
o
rr
j
o
e
c
c
t
t
cc
c
s
,
w
h
w
w
i
h
h
c
h
c
c
a
r
a
a
e
r
r
e
x
e
e
p
x
x
e
c
t
c
c
e
t
t
d
t
o
t
t
b
e
e
b
u
i
u
u
l
i
i
t
ll
b
y
b
b
S
a
n
a
a
i
n
n
r
i
i
C
o
m
p
m
m
a
n
a
a
y
nn
o
f
I
r
r
I
I
a
n
a
a
.
T
o
T
T
b
e
l
o
c
a
c
c
t
a
a
e
t
t
d
i
n
i
i
w
e
w
w
s
t
-
t
t
e
r
e
e
n
n
r
r
G
e
o
r
o
o
g
r
r
i
g
g
a
,
a
t
h
t
t
e
p
l
a
n
a
a
t
nn
s
w
i
w
w
l
i
i
l
l
l
c
o
c
c
s
t
t
a
p
aa
p
p
p
r
p
p
o
r
r
x
o
o
i
x
x
m
i
i
a
t
a
a
e
t
t
l
e
e
y
l
l
E
u
EE
r
u
u
6
0
M
,
M
t
o
t
t
b
b
e
e
fi
n
fi
fi
a
n
a
a
c
e
c
c
d
b
y
b
b
t
h
t
t
e
E
x
E
E
p
x
x
o
r
o
o
t
rr
D
e
v
e
e
e
e
vv
l
e
e
e
e
o
p
o
o
m
e
n
e
e
t
n
n
B
a
n
a
a
k
nn
o
f
I
r
I
I
a
n
a
a
.
T
H
E
E
X
X
P
O
R
T
A
N
D
I
m
p
o
r
t
B
a
n
n
k
o
f
I
n
d
i
a
h
a
s
a
g
r
e
e
d
a
$
5
0
M
M
l
l
o
a
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
Z
a
m
b
i
a
n
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
m
e
e
n
n
t
t
f
o
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
I
t
e
z
h
i
T
e
z
h
i
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
n
s
o
u
t
h
e
r
n
Z
a
m
b
i
a
T
h
e
1
2
0
M
W
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
s
b
e
i
n
g
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
b
y
a
j
o
i
n
t
v
e
n
t
u
r
e
o
f
Z
a
m
b
i
a
n
u
t
i
l
i
t
y
Z
e
s
c
o
a
n
d
T
a
t
a
A
f
r
f
f
i
c
a
H
o
l
d
i
n
g
s
.
S
T
A
TE
G
R
I
D
C
O
R
P
O
R
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
C
h
i
n
a
(
S
G
C
C
)
a
n
d
1
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
B
e
r
h
a
d
(
“
1
M
D
B
”
)
a
r
e
r
r
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
t
o
t
t
s
e
t
ee
u
p
a
j
o
i
n
t
-
t
t
v
-
e
v
v
n
t
u
r
e
r
r
c
o
m
-
p
a
n
y
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
t
rr
a
k
e
m
a
j
a
o
r
p
r
o
rr
j
o
e
c
t
c
c
s
i
n
t
h
e
S
a
r
a
w
a
k
C
o
r
r
i
do
r
o
f
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
r
g
r
r
y
g
g
(
S
C
O
R
E
)
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
r
e
rr
e
d
a
m
s
a
n
d
a
s
m
e
l
t
e
t
t
r
p
l
a
n
t
.
I
n
a
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
,
t
h
e
t
w
o
c
o
m
p
a
-
n
i
e
s
s
a
i
d
t
h
e
y
i
n
t
e
n
d
t
o
j
o
i
n
t
l
y
p
u
r
s
u
e
a
v
a
r
i
e
t
y
o
f
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
i
n
S
C
O
R
E
,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
u
l
t
i
m
a
t
e
i
n
t
e
n
t
t
o
a
c
t
a
s
m
a
j
a
o
r
i
n
v
e
s
t
o
r
s
i
n
S
C
O
R
E
a
s
a
w
h
o
l
e
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
e
n
v
i
s
a
g
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
w
o
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
m
a
y
c
r
e
at
e
a
s
m
uc
h
a
s
U
S
$
1
1
B
w
o
r
t
r
r
h
o
f
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
v
a
l
u
e
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
l
o
c
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
,
t
h
e
s
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
i
n
c
l
u
de
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
r
e
e
h
y
d
yy
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
c
c
r
i
c
d
a
m
s
a
n
d
a
s
m
e
l
t
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
,
a
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
n
o
s
p
e
c
i
fi
c
d
e
t
a
i
l
s
w
e
r
e
a
v
a
i
l
-
a
b
l
e
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
ec
t
s
t
o
be
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
.
B
e
s
i
d
e
s
n
e
g
o
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
t
w
t
t
o
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
,
b
o
t
h
1
M
D
B
a
n
d
S
G
C
C
w
i
l
l
a
l
s
o
w
o
r
k
to
g
e
t
h
e
r
t
o
e
n
g
a
g
e
t
h
e
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
b
o
t
h
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
o
n
l
e
g
a
l
c
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
s
e
c
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
j
o
e
ct
a
p
p
r
o
v
a
l
s
.
S
G
C
C
’
s
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
S
C
O
R
E
w
a
s
t
r
i
g
g
e
r
e
d
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
n
P
r
i
m
e
M
i
n
i
s
t
e
r
w
e
n
t
t
o
B
e
i
j
i
i
n
g
i
n
J
u
n
e
2
0
0
9
t
o
r
e
n
e
w
C
h
i
n
a
-
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
c
o
m
m
i
t
-
m
e
n
t
s
t
o
f
u
r
t
r
r
h
e
r
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
g
g
h
e
n
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
h
i
p
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
t
i
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
w
a
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
a
vi
s
i
t
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
n
e
s
e
P
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
H
u
J
i
n
t
a
o
t
o
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
fi
v
e
m
o
n
t
h
s
l
a
t
e
r
.
“
S
G
C
C
h
a
s
l
o
n
g
f
o
ff
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
S
C
O
R
E
a
n
d
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
a
s
i
t
s
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
t
t
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
a
r
e
a
a
s
i
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
n
a
t
t
t
t
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
-
t
t
m
e
n
t
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
a
n
d
t
r
e
m
e
n
d
o
u
s
i
n
v
e
s
t
-
t
t
m
e
n
t
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
,
”
s
a
i
d
S
G
C
C
P
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
,
M
r
L
i
u
Z
h
e
n
y
a
.
“
I
t
i
s
a
p
a
r
t
r
r
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
t
h
at
w
i
l
l
b
r
i
n
g
m
u
t
u
a
l
b
e
n
e
fi
t
to
C
h
i
n
a
a
n
d
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
a
s
w
e
w
i
l
l
j
o
i
n
t
l
y
p
a
r
t
rr
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
i
n
t
h
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
a
n
d
C
h
i
n
a
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
r
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
.
O
u
r
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
i
s
f
u
l
l
y
a
w
a
r
e
o
f
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
’
s
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
a
n
d
w
e
w
i
l
l
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
et
o
p
r
o
-
m
o
t
e
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
t
oo
u
r
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
a
s
a
n
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
e
n
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
”
“
O
u
r
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
w
i
t
h
p
a
r
t
rr
n
e
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
a
g
l
o
b
a
l
g
i
a
n
t
l
i
k
e
S
G
C
C
w
i
l
l
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
m
a
n
y
o
b
j
b
e
c
-
t
i
v
e
s
,
”
a
d
de
d
1
M
D
B
C
h
i
e
f
E
x
e
c
u
t
i
v
e
O
f
f
i
c
e
r
,
M
r
S
h
a
h
r
o
l
H
a
l
m
i
.
“
M
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
t
rr
a
n
t
to
1
M
D
B
i
s
o
u
r
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
g
g
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
f
f
c
a
t
a
l
y
t
y
y
i
c
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
t
h
a
t
s
e
t
t
h
e
b
a
s
e
f
o
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
t
t
e
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
c
o
-
n
o
m
i
c
g
r
o
w
t
w
w
h
f
o
r
t
h
e
l
o
n
g
e
r
te
r
m
.
”
C
h
i
n
a
’
s
S
G
C
C
p
l
a
n
s
t
o
l
a
u
a
a
n
c
h
j
o
i
n
t
n
n
v
e
n
t
nn
u
r
e
w
i
t
i
i
h
M
a
l
aa
a
y
a
a
s
i
a
’
s
1
M
D
B
T
H
E
C
A
N
A
D
I
A
N
E
N
V
I
R
O
N
M
E
N
T
A
L
A
T
T
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
A
g
e
n
c
y
(
C
E
A
A
)
i
s
p
o
s
t
p
o
n
i
n
g
i
t
s
p
a
r
t
r
r
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
f
u
n
d
-
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
f
o
f
f
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
B
u
t
e
I
n
l
e
t
h
y
d
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
i
n
c
e
o
f
B
r
i
t
i
s
h
C
o
l
u
m
b
i
a
t
o
a
l
l
o
w
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
i
m
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
’
s
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
t
o
b
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
n
e
n
t
,
B
u
t
e
H
y
d
r
o
I
n
c
.
,
r
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
t
h
a
t
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
fi
e
l
d
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
w
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
p
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
f
a
f
f
l
l
o
f
2
0
1
0
b
e
f
o
f
f
r
e
i
t
w
i
l
l
b
e
i
n
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
s
u
b
m
i
t
i
t
s
E
I
S
.
I
n
l
i
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
n
e
w
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
l
i
n
e
s
f
o
f
f
r
t
h
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
p
a
n
e
l
p
r
oc
e
s
s
w
i
l
l
b
e
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l
l
y
d
e
l
a
y
e
d
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
t
rr
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
w
i
l
l
b
e
r
e
-
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
d
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
s
i
n
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
c
o
n
fi
r
m
a
t
i
m
e
l
i
n
e
f
o
f
f
r
t
h
e
s
u
b
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
i
t
s
E
I
S
.
A
t
AA
t
h
a
t
t
i
m
e
,
a
n
a
n
n
o
u
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
b
e
m
a
d
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
v
i
s
e
d
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
m
o
u
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
a
d
-
l
i
n
e
t
o
s
u
b
m
i
t
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
n
t
s
w
i
l
l
h
a
v
e
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
rr
u
n
i
t
y
t
t
t
o
r
e
v
i
s
ea
n
d
r
e
s
ub
m
i
t
t
h
e
i
r
a
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
f
o
f
f
r
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
t
t
h
a
t
t
i
m
e
.
T
h
e
A
g
A
e
n
c
y
a
n
n
o
u
n
c
e
d
i
n
M
a
y
2
0
0
9
t
h
e
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
tt
o
f
$
2
5
0
,
0
0
0
u
n
d
e
r
i
t
s
P
a
r
t
r
r
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
F
u
n
d
i
n
g
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
t
o
a
s
s
i
s
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
n
d
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
t
o
p
a
r
t
rr
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
i
n
t
h
ee
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
r
e
v
i
e
w
f
o
r
t
h
e
B
u
t
e
I
n
l
e
t
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
w
i
l
l
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
1
7
r
u
n
-
o
f
-
f
f
r
i
v
e
r
h
y
d
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
v
i
c
i
n
i
t
y
t
t
o
f
B
u
t
e
I
n
l
e
t
.
M
a
j
a
o
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
f
a
f
f
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
a
s
u
b
s
t
a
-
t
i
o
n
n
e
a
r
t
h
e
m
o
u
t
h
o
f
S
o
u
t
h
g
a
t
e
R
i
v
e
r
,
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
a
c
c
e
s
s
r
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
a
n
c
i
l
l
a
r
y
r
r
w
or
k
s, 21
6
k
m
o
f 2
30
k
V
collector
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
n
d
2
2
7
k
m
o
f
5
0
0
k
V
t
r
u
n
k
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
a
r
t
h
e
m
o
u
t
h
o
f
S
o
u
t
h
g
a
t
e
R
i
v
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
5
0
0
k
V
k
k
s
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
t
M
a
l
a
s
p
i
n
a
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
F
u
n
d
i
n
g
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
a
n
d
o
n
t
h
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
s
s
e
s
s
-
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
o
n
t
h
e
C
a
n
a
d
i
a
n
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
A
g
A
e
n
c
y
’
s
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
a
t
h
t
t
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
.
c
e
a
a
-
a
c
e
e
.
g
c
.
c
a
.
B
u
t
e
I
n
l
e
t
p
a
r
t
rr
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
f
u
f
f
n
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
p
o
s
t
p
o
n
e
d
E
N
E
R
G
Y
I
N
V
E
S
T
M
E
N
T
F
I
R
M
W
o
r
l
d
E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
(
W
E
R
)
h
a
s
c
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
e
d
G
e
r
m
a
n
y
’
s
W
a
s
s
e
r
k
r
a
f
t
f
f
V
o
l
k
(
W
K
V
K
K
)
t
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
u
r
-
r
r
b
i
n
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
n
e
w
h
y
d
r
o
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
i
n
G
u
a
t
e
m
a
l
a
.
L
a
s
t
y
e
a
r
W
E
R
s
e
c
u
r
e
d
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
-
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
a
ct
s
a
n
d
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
e
p
o
w
e
r
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
t
h
r
e
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
i
n
G
u
a
t
e
m
a
l
a
,
a
n
d
a
n
n
o
u
n
c
e
d
p
l
a
n
s
f
o
r
a
f
u
r
t
rr
h
e
r
1
0
s
i
t
e
s
.
W
K
V
K
K
w
i
l
l
b
u
i
l
d
t
h
e
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
fi
r
s
tt
h
r
e
ep
l
a
n
t
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
d
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
i
o
n
b
y
t
h
e
e
n
d
o
f
t
h
i
s
y
e
a
r
.
E
n
e
r
g
i
a
T
o
t
a
l
h
a
s
a
l
s
o
s
i
g
n
e
d
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
s
w
i
t
h
W
E
R
t
o
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
e
1
0
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
s
’
p
o
w
e
r
.
W
K
V
K
K
i
n
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
d
e
a
l
,
G
u
a
t
a
a
e
m
a
l
a
W
O
R
L
E
Y
P
A
R
S
O
N
S
H
A
S
a
g
r
e
e
d
t
o
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
C
N
E
C
E
n
g
e
n
h
a
r
i
a
(
C
N
E
C
)
,
t
h
e
sta
n
d
-
a
l
o
n
e
e
n
g
ineerin
g
a
n
d
p
roject
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
B
r
a
z
i
l
i
a
n
c
o
n
g
l
o
m
e
r
a
t
e
C
a
m
a
r
g
r
o
C
o
r
r
e
a
’
s
E
&
C
d
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
f
o
r
B
R
L
1
7
0
M
(
U
S
$
9
7
.
6
M
)
.
C
N
E
C
i
s
a
n
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
p
l
a
y
e
r
i
n
B
r
a
z
i
l
’
s
h
y
d
r
o
m
a
r
k
e
t
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
a
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
W
o
r
l
e
y
P
a
r
s
o
n
s
,
C
N
E
C
’
s
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
c
o
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
fi
r
m
’
s
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
r
y
g
g
b
u
s
i
-
n
e
s
s
e
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
s
p
r
i
n
g
b
o
a
r
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
xx
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
W
o
r
l
e
y
P
a
r
s
o
n
s
’
g
r
o
w
t
w
w
h
a
c
r
o
s
s
S
ou
t
h
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
.
A
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
i
t
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
e
r
,
C
N
E
C
i
s
a
l
s
o
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
r
-
r
r
m
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
l
a
n
t
s
,
s
u
b
w
a
y
s
,
p
o
r
t
s
,
a
i
r
p
o
r
t
rr
s
,
h
i
g
h
w
a
y
s
,
w
a
s
t
e
w
a
t
e
r
,
i
n
d
u
s
-
t
r
i
a
l
p
l
a
n
t
s
,
r
e
fi
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
n
g
o
i
l
a
n
d
g
a
s
,
p
e
t
r
o
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
u
r
b
a
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
B
r
a
z
i
l
a
n
d
i
n
L
a
t
i
n
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
a
n
d
A
f
r
i
ca
.
T
h
e
d
i
s
c
l
o
s
e
d
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
e
p
r
i
c
e
o
f
B
R
L
1
7
0
M
(
U
S
$
9
7
.
6
M
)
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
e
s
B
R
L
1
3
0
M
(
U
S
$
7
4
.
6
M
)
i
n
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
-
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
B
R
L
4
0
M
(
U
S
$
2
3
M
)
t
h
a
t
w
i
ll
b
e
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
r
e
t
a
i
n
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
a
s
a
n
o
n
-
c
o
r
e
a
s
s
e
t
.
T
h
eb
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
’
p
r
o
-
f
o
r
m
a
E
B
I
T
D
A
f
o
r
t
h
e
y
e
a
r
e
n
d
i
n
g
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
0
i
s
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d
t
o
b
e
B
R
L
2
4
.
5
M
(
U
S
$
1
4
M
)
.
W
o
r
l
e
y
P
a
r
s
o
n
s
t
o
a
c
q
u
i
r
e
B
r
a
z
i
l
’
s
C
N
E
C
E
n
g
e
n
h
a
r
i
a
W
WW.WATERP
O
WERMA
G
AZINE.
CO
M
F
EBR
U
ARY
20
1
0
7
WO
RLD NEW
S
D
S
D
N
o
e
l
l
w
i
n
s
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
f
o
r
L
i
n
t
h
a
l
2
0
1
5
,
S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d
In brief
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
A
T
T
N
AA
T
N
N
S
P
R
I
N
G
s
m
a
l
l
h
y
d
r
o
p
l
a
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
L
o
n
g
L
a
n
e
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
S
t
A
n
d
r
e
w
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
ff
l
l
y
r
e
c
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
e
d
,
J
a
m
a
i
c
a
P
u
b
l
i
c
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
C
o
m
p
a
n
y
(
J
P
S
)
h
a
s
a
n
n
o
u
n
c
e
d
.
T
h
e
0
.
7
7
M
7
7
W
MM
p
l
a
n
t
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
o
u
t
o
f
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
f
o
f
f
r
e
i
g
h
t
y
e
a
r
s
,
b
u
t
i
s
n
o
w
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
-
i
t
y
tt
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
’
s
p
o
w
e
r
g
r
i
d
f
o
f
f
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
U
S
$
1
M
r
e
f
u
f
f
r
b
i
s
h
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
w
a
s
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
l
a
s
t
m
o
n
t
h
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
s
t
h
e
fi
r
s
t
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
n
J
a
m
a
i
c
a
f
o
f
f
r
t
h
e
M
a
r
u
b
e
n
i
T
A
T
T
Q
A
C
a
r
i
b
b
e
a
n
P
o
w
e
r
H
o
l
d
i
n
g
s
’
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
,
a
m
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
t
t
s
h
a
r
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
o
f
J
P
S
.
I
t
w
a
s
u
n
d
e
r
t
a
k
e
n
a
s
a
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
-
t
i
v
e
e
f
f
f
f
o
f
f
r
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
W
a
t
e
r
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
,
w
h
o
o
w
n
s
t
h
e
L
o
n
g
L
a
n
e
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
p
l
a
n
t
.
H
U
A
D
I
A
N
C
O
R
P
O
F
C
h
i
n
a
h
a
s
a
n
n
o
u
n
c
e
d
p
l
a
n
s
t
o
b
u
i
l
d
a
3
3
8
M
W
h
y
d
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
n
C
a
m
b
o
d
i
a
,
t
h
e
S
h
a
n
g
h
a
i
D
a
i
l
y
h
a
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
U
S
$
5
5
8
M
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
-
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
s
t
h
y
d
r
o
s
c
h
e
m
m
e
e
i
i
n
n
C
a
m
b
o
d
i
a
–
w
w
i
i
l
l
l
l
b
e
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
1
8
0
k
m
w
e
e
s
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
P
h
n
o
m
m
P
P
e
n
h
.
E
x
p
o
r
t
-
I
m
p
o
o
r
r
t
B
a
n
k
o
f
C
h
i
n
a
i
s
e
x
p
e
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
h
e
l
p
fi
n
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
.
.
N
E
E
W
S
M
A
LL
H
YDR
O
sche
emes
c
ou
l
d
b
e
d
eve
l
-
oped
d
i
n
S
amoa
,
f
o
ll
owing
th
e
app
pproval
of
f
easi
b
i
l
ity
studies
o
on
tw
o
potentia
l
si
tes
on
S
av
avai
i
I
sl
an
d
a
n
d
th
ree
sites
e
s
o
on
U
po
l
u.
R
ad
io
N
e
w
Zealand
d
I
n
ternationa
l
reporte
d
th
at t
h
e
S
amoa
Ca
b
inet
a
pprove
d
a
con
t
rac
t
t
o
E
g
i
s
B
ceo
m
I
n
ternationa
l
t
o
fi
n
d
t
h
e
m
os
t
s
u
i
t
-
abl
e s
i
tes
f
or
s
ma
ll
h
y
d
ro
d
eve
l
opments
of
2
MW
or
un
d
er.
D
S
D
N
O
E
L
L
O
F
G
E
R
M
A
N
Y
W
I
L
L
d
e
s
i
g
n
,
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
e
r
e
c
t
t
w
o
p
e
n
s
t
o
c
k
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
L
i
n
t
h
a
l
2
0
1
5
p
u
m
p
e
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
i
n
S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d
,
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
w
a
r
d
o
f
a
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
b
y
K
r
a
f
t
f
f
w
e
r
k
e
L
i
n
t
h
–
L
i
m
m
e
r
n
(
K
L
L
)
.
U
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
,
a
w
a
r
d
e
d
l
a
t
e
l
a
s
t
y
e
a
r
,
D
S
D
N
oe
l
l
w
i
l
l
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
:
s
3
T
E
E
L
L
I
N
I
N
G
S
F
O
R
T
W
O
H
O
R
I
Z
O
N
T
A
L
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
s
h
a
f
t
s
w
i
t
h
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
d
i
a
m
et
e
r
o
f
4
.
4
m
f
r
o
m
s
u
r
g
e
s
h
a
f
t
f
f
u
p
t
o
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
c
h
a
m
b
e
r
s
3
T
E
E
L
L
I
N
I
N
G
S
F
O
R
T
W
O
I
N
C
L
I
N
E
D
P
R
E
S
-
s
u
r
e
s
h
a
f
t
s
(
a
p
p
r
o
x
.
4
0
°
,
e
a
c
h
1
.
0
0
0
m
l
o
n
g
)
wi
t
h
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
d
i
a
m
-
e
t
e
r
o
f
4
.
2
m
f
r
o
m
g
a
t
e
c
h
a
m
b
e
r
s
u
p
t
o
b
i
f
u
r
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
s
&
O
U
R
D
R
A
F
T
F
F
T
U
B
E
S
T
E
E
L
L
I
N
I
N
G
S
A
T
A
N
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
d
i
a
m
e
t
e
r
o
f
4
m
L
i
n
t
h
a
l
2
0
1
5
–
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
r
-
g
g
e
s
t
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
i
n
t
h
e
S
w
i
s
s
e
ne
r
g
y
i
n
d
u
s
-
t
r
y
–
i
s
l
oc
a
t
e
d
i
n
S
w
i
s
s
c
a
n
t
o
n
o
f
G
l
a
r
u
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
f
o
r
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
e
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
K
L
L
p
l
a
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
i
s
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
n
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
u
m
p
e
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
p
l
a
n
t
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
L
i
m
m
e
r
n
a
n
d
M
u
t
t
s
e
e
,
a
b
o
v
e
L
i
n
t
h
a
l
,
t
h
u
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
K
L
L
p
l
a
n
t
s
b
y
1
0
0
0
M
W
t
o
1
4
6
0
M
W
.
T
h
e
p
u
m
p
e
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
p
l
a
n
t
i
s
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
a
t
a
n
a
l
t
i
-
tude o
f
a
bout
1
7
00
m a.s.l.
a
nd
i
s
b
u
i
l
t
a
r
o
u
n
d
6
0
0
m
i
n
s
i
d
e
t
h
e
m
o
u
n
-
t
a
i
n
.
F
o
F
F
u
r
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
-
g
-
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
-
r
r
s
e
t
s
w
i
t
h
a
c
a
p
ac
i
t
y
o
f
2
5
0
M
W
e
a
c
h
w
i
l
l
b
e
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
h
o
u
s
e
c
a
v
e
r
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
a
n
a
d
j
u
s
t
-
a
b
l
e
p
u
m
p
a
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
w
i
t
h
a
m
a
x
i
-
m
u
m
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
1
0
0
0
M
W
.
I
t
w
i
l
l
p
u
m
p
w
a
t
e
r
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
r
e
s
e
r
-
rr
v
o
i
r
L
i
m
m
e
r
n
b
o
d
e
n
a
t
1
8
6
0
m
a
s
l
.
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
6
0
0
m
h
i
g
h
e
r
M
u
t
t
s
e
e
a
n
d
i
n
r
e
v
e
r
s
e
w
i
l
l
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
.T
o
a
c
c
o
m
p
l
i
s
h
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
i
t
i
s
n
ec
e
s
s
a
r
y
r
r
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
M
u
t
t
s
ee
w
a
t
e
r
l
e
v
e
l
b
y
3
0
m
.
S
t
a
r
t
rr
i
n
g
a
t
T
i
e
r
f
e
h
d
n
e
a
r
t
h
e
v
a
l
-
l
e
y
’
s
b
o
t
t
o
m
a
n
e
w
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
u
n
n
e
l
w
i
l
l
b
e
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
f
o
r
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
o
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
h
o
u
s
e
.
T
h
e
t
u
n
n
e
l
w
i
l
l
b
e
e
q
u
i
p
p
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
f
u
n
i
c
u
l
a
r
r
a
i
l
w
a
y
.
M
a
j
o
r
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
w
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s
t
a
r
t
e
d
i
n
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2
0
1
0
,
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
-
t
o
r
y
r
r
w
o
r
k
s
w
h
i
c
h
w
e
r
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
s
u
m
m
e
r
2
0
0
8
.
T
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
i
s
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
a
s
s
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
D
S
DN
o
e
l
l
b
y
K
L
L
.
F
r
o
m
2
0
0
3
t
o
2
0
0
6
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
w
a
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
d
i
n
K
L
L
’
s
N
e
s
t
i
l
p
u
m
p
e
d
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
.
O
f
fi
f
f
c
i
a
l
s
s
i
g
n
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
S
a
n
C
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
D
a
m
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
T
H
E
R
E
M
O
V
A
V
V
L
O
F
S
A
S
S
N
C
L
E
M
E
N
T
E
D
a
m
o
n
t
h
e
C
a
r
m
e
l
R
i
v
e
r
i
n
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
,
U
S
,
h
a
s
m
o
v
e
d
o
n
e
s
t
e
p
c
l
o
s
e
r
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
o
f
a
‘
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
S
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
’
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
m
m
i
t
s
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
p
a
r
t
r
r
i
e
s
t
o
m
a
k
e
a
c
o
n
c
e
r
t
r
r
e
d
e
f
f
f
f
o
f
f
r
t
r
r
t
o
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
p
l
a
n
a
n
d
fi
n
d
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
f
o
ff
r
t
h
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
.
F
e
d
e
r
a
l
o
f
fi
f
f
c
i
a
l
s
j
o
i
n
e
d
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
-
t
t
a
t
i
v
e
s
f
r
o
m
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
O
c
e
a
n
i
c
a
n
d
A
t
A
A
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
A
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
(
N
O
A
A
)
a
n
d
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
s
t
a
te
a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
-
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
P
u
b
l
i
c
U
t
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
S
t
a
t
e
C
o
a
s
t
a
l
C
o
n
s
e
r
v
r
r
a
n
c
y
o
n
1
1
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
r
r
t
o
s
i
g
n
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
C
a
l
i
f
o
f
f
r
n
i
a
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
W
a
t
e
r
.
“
R
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
S
a
n
C
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
D
a
m
w
i
l
l
b
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
a
r
m
e
l
R
i
v
e
r
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
i
f
e
ff
a
n
d
r
e
s
t
o
r
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
f
o
f
f
r
t
h
r
e
a
t
e
n
e
d
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
o
n
eo
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
t
rr
a
n
t
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
s
t
e
e
l
h
e
a
d
t
r
o
u
t
o
n
t
h
e
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
C
o
a
s
t
,
”
s
a
i
d
U
S
C
o
n
g
r
e
s
s
m
a
n
S
a
m
F
a
F
F
r
r
.
T
h
e
S
a
n
C
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
D
a
m
i
s
a
1
0
6
f
t
f
f
(
3
2
.
3
m
)
h
i
g
h
c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
-
a
r
c
h
d
a
m
,
w
h
i
c
h
w
a
s
b
u
i
l
t
i
n
1
9
2
1
t
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
a
t
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
M
o
n
t
e
r
e
y
P
e
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
’
s
t
h
e
n
-
b
u
r
g
r
r
e
o
n
i
n
g
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
o
u
r
-
r
r
i
s
m
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
r
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
op
o
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
a
m
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
r
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
a
r
m
e
l
R
i
v
e
r
t
o
b
y
p
a
s
s
t
h
e
2
.
5
M
c
u
b
i
c
y
a
r
d
s
(
1
.
9
M
m
3
)
o
f
s
i
l
t
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
a
c
c
u
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
b
e
h
i
n
d
i
t
,
a
n
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
h
a
t
a
v
o
i
d
s
d
r
e
d
g
i
n
g
.
I
t
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
2
0
0
,
0
0
0
t
r
u
c
k
l
o
a
d
s
t
o
r
e
m
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
i
l
t
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
d
r
e
d
g
i
n
g
b
o
t
h
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
-
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
i
n
f
e
a
s
i
b
l
e
a
n
d
o
b
j
b
e
c
t
i
o
n
-
a
b
l
e
t
o
n
e
a
r
b
y
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
s
.
“
D
a
m
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
w
i
l
l
h
e
l
p
u
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
r
i
v
e
r
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
a
n
dco
m
p
l
y
w
i
t
h
a
d
i
r
e
c
-
t
i
v
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
rr
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
a
f
e
t
y
o
f
D
a
m
s
,
”
s
a
i
d
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
W
a
t
e
r
p
r
e
s
i
d
e
n
t
R
o
b
M
a
c
L
e
a
n
.
“
W
e
’
v
e
a
l
t
e
r
e
d
o
u
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
v
e
r
t
i
m
e
t
o
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
t
o
t
h
e
r
i
v
e
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
a
m
n
o
l
o
n
g
e
r
s
e
r
v
e
s
i
t
s
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
a
s
a
w
a
t
e
r
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
y
f
o
r
o
u
r
c
u
s
t
o
m
e
r
s
.
I
n
s
t
e
a
d
,
i
t
s
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
t
rr
u
n
i
t
y
t
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
n
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
h
i
p
w
i
t
h
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
i
v
e
r
a
n
d
i
t
s
h
a
b
i
t
a
t
.
”
I
n
1
9
9
1
,
t
h
e
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
W
a
t
e
r
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
,
D
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
o
f
S
a
f
e
t
y
o
f
D
a
m
s
a
g
r
e
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
W
a
t
e
r
co
n
s
u
l
t
a
n
t
’
s
a
s
s
e
r
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
t
S
a
n
C
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
D
a
m
d
i
d
n
o
t
m
e
e
t
m
o
d
e
r
n
s
e
i
s
m
i
c
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
fl
o
o
d
s
a
f
e
t
y
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
.
T
h
e
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
W
a
t
e
r
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
U
S
A
r
m
y
C
o
r
p
s
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
s
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
m
a
n
y
w
a
y
s
t
o
a
m
e
l
i
o
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
a
f
e
f
f
t
y
t
t
i
s
s
u
e
s
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
a
m
a
n
d
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
a
m
.
D
a
m
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
,
w
h
i
l
e
m
o
r
e
e
x
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
,
i
s
f
a
v
o
u
r
e
d
b
y
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
n
d
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
C
a
r
m
e
l
R
i
v
e
r
e
c
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
M
a
r
i
n
e
F
i
s
h
e
r
i
e
s
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
h
a
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
r
u
n
o
f
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
C
oa
s
t
S
t
e
e
l
h
e
a
d
T
r
o
u
t
,
w
h
i
l
e
a
s
m
a
ll
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
s
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
r
r
o
f
s
t
e
e
l
h
e
a
d
o
n
t
h
e
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
C
o
a
s
t
.
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
W
a
t
e
r
h
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
t
e
r
i
m
r
i
s
k
r
e
d
u
c
-
t
i
o
n
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
at t
h
e
d
a
m
w
h
i
l
e
w
o
rk
i
n
g
wi
t
h
N
O
A
A
F
i
s
h
e
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
S
t
a
t
e
C
o
a
s
t
a
l
C
o
n
s
e
r
v
r
r
a
n
c
y
t
o
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
d
a
m
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
w
h
i
l
e
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
i
n
g
c
o
s
t
t
o
i
t
s
r
a
t
e
p
a
y
e
r
s
.
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
W
a
t
e
r
h
a
s
c
o
m
m
i
t
t
ed
$
5
0
M
-
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
r
e
n
g
t
gg
h
e
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
-
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
9
2
8
a
c
r
e
s
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
d
a
m
i
s
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
a
s
p
a
r
k
l
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
C
o
a
s
t
a
l
C
o
n
s
e
r
v
r
r
a
n
c
y
a
n
d
N
O
A
A
c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
d
t
o
r
a
i
s
e
t
h
e
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
$
3
5
M
n
e
e
d
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
-
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
u
b
l
i
c
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
d
o
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
P
u
b
l
i
c
U
t
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
,
a
s
C
a
l
i
f
o
f
f
r
n
i
a
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
W
a
t
e
r
’
s
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
rr
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
o
r
,
w
i
l
l
n
e
ed
t
o
a
p
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
o
e
c
t
b
e
f
o
r
e
i
t
p
r
o
-
c
e
e
d
s
.
Our HyService is electrifying!
www.msw.de
Why do more hydro power owners
choose Voith Hydro as their reliable
partner for services, products and
solutions? Because of our exper-
tise. We are the preferred supplier
of state-of-the-art hydro power
generation equipment, solutions
and service: HyService!
Our service, maintenance and
operational skills are unsurpassed.
Whether you want us to trouble-
shoot a generator or upgrade an
entire facility, you get the best
service through HyService!
www.voithhydro.com
10 FEBRUARY 2010 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
INTERVIEW
Matthew Roberts,
American Governor Company
I
N THE FIRST OF OUR REGULAR SERIES OF
interviews with individuals under the age of
35 who are already making an impact in the
global hydro power and dams arena, we talk to
Mr Roberts and discover what attracted him to a
career in the hydro industry.
Could you just explain a little about your back-
ground - qualifications, any previous job roles?
I graduated from the George Washington University
in 2006 with a B.S in Mechanical Engineering.
When did you begin your career in the hydro
industry? What attracted you to this sector?
I took an internship with American Governor
Company between my junior and senior years of
college (2005) and in 2006 was hired on as a
project engineer.
While I did not seek out the hydro sector in
particular, several aspects of it intrigued me. I
had an interest in energy and the hurdles that we
have to overcome during my lifetime. In particular I
was drawn in by hydro’s stance as the largest, and
most established, source of energy from renew-
able sources. The fact that many hydro plants are
located in some of the most beautiful parts of the
country was a considerable bonus as well.
Could you describe your current role, and what
attracted you to it?
I have recently taken on the role of Engineering
Manager of American Governor’s Ivyland,
Pennsylvania facility, where we develop the major-
ity of our Digital Governors.
The position involves coordinating the efforts
of all members of our engineering team working
on several simultaneous projects. Additionally I
still take the role of Project Manager and Project
Engineer for various jobs, as well as perform site
commissioning services.
When interviewing for a full time position at
American Governor, it was clear that I had found
what I was looking for in a career path. Engineering
digital governors, and retrofitting modern controls
onto existing legacy governors in particular, pro-
vides an ever-changing set of challenges. I enjoy
the opportunity to use engineering skills from sev-
eral disciplines (mechanical, electrical, computer)
and find great satisfaction in the ability to bring
new life to older controls equipment, some of
which was first installed over 100 years ago.
What projects are you currently working on?
This past year I have had to chance to work on
several notable projects. In July I commissioned
a digital governor for the 400+ MW Helms Pumped
Storage plant in California.
This past November I commissioned a digital
governor for the 100 MW Stanislaus Powerhouse
(in California as well). In addition performing site
startup services, I was the project manager and
lead programming engineering.
The largest project I am currently working on
is the US Army Corps of Engineer’s North Pacific
Region Governor Control System Retrofits. This
146 unit (across 21 plants) project may be the
largest single governor upgrade contract awarded
to date. I have the role of Project Manager and am
one of the lead engineers on the team.
Where do you see yourself in five years time?
This is a difficult question, as I haven’t even been
in the work force for a full five years yet. I strongly
believe that I will still be in the hydro sector; howev-
er I am unclear exactly what path I will be taking.
During the next few years I would like to further
grow in the direction I am currently headed. I
see this including both expanding my knowledge
and experience in control systems and broaden-
ing the scope of projects I work on from governor
upgrades in the United States to new plant con-
trols here and abroad.
Further down the road I would like to continue my
development beyond control systems. I potentially
see myself getting involved with new hydro. I am
interesting in finding new ways of making small and
micro hydro more prevalent in the US.
Which individual has influenced your career
most? How?
I am most influenced by my father. A lifelong entre-
preneur, he taught me the merit being self driven
and taking initiative. He’s always encouraged ques-
tioning the status quo and to not accept no for an
answer or give up after the first failed attempt. While
not an engineer himself, he strongly encouraged my
interests in math and science from a young age -
something not enough parents do. Regardless of
which career path I would have taken, he would have
been encouraging and supportive.
Do you have any advice for graduates entering
the industry?
There are seems to be a gap in the industry
between young, tech savvy, engineers/techni-
cians and the more experienced, more “tradition-
al” engineers/technicians. This is most apparent
when in the field. I would advise all new gradu-
ates to spend as much time as possible learning
from the soon retiring group, before they’re gone
and the invaluable information they have, which is
not always documented and cannot be read from
a manual, is lost.
Additionally, I would say that one of the best les-
sons I’ve learned to do whatever you can to ensure
that your customer is more than satisfied with the
product, or more importantly, the service you’re
providing for them. I’ve found that the extra effort
put in, even if off the clock, always pays for itself in
a better working relationship, more business and
even some good friendships.
If you would like to suggest an individual from your
company or organisation that you feel deserves
to be included in this special focus, please con-
tact the editor, Carrieann Stocks, via email: car-
rieannstocks@globaltrademedia.com or tel: +44
(0) 20 8269 7777, briefly detailing why you think
they should be included.
The next generation – emerging industry figures
T
HE GOVERNMENT OF GEORGIA,
represented by the Ministry of
Energy (ME), has invited expres-
sions of interest for implementa-
tion of the Upper Mtkvari Cascade
hydro power project on a Build, Own,
Operate (BOO) basis in the Samtskhe-
Javakheti region in Georgia.
The technical and economic
pre-feasibility study on the project
prepared by Poyry Hydropower
Engineering in cooperation with Gross
Energy Group envisages construction
of a cascade of a minimum two and
maximum three hydro power plants,
with a total installed capacity of
137-219MW and an annual average
generation of 714-1205GWh. The
preliminary costing of the project is
estimated at US$410-604M.
The winning participant will be
awarded the exclusive right to imple-
ment the Project, which includes:
s4OUNDERTAKEFULLTECHNICALANDECO-
nomic feasibility study of the Project,
as well as an environmental and social
impact assessment (ESIA).
s4ODETERMINETHElNALDESIGNOFTHE
Upper Mtkvari Plants, subject to cer-
tain legislative and regulatory require-
ments and approval of government.
s4ODEVELOPTHEPROJECTWITHBUILD
own, operate (BOO) rights following
the completion of the full technical
and economic feasibility study and
the ESIA
The Expression of Interest is
announced by the ME Order issued in
accordance with the authorities del-
egated to the ME by the government.
The process will be conducted by the
ME on behalf of the government. The
decision on the selection of the win-
ning participant and the final rating of
the other participants will be made by
the government.
Conditions and Procedures of the
EOI has been approved by the ME
Order and is available for all interested
companies at the Ministry of Energy
website http://www.minenergy.gov.
ge and also at the special website
created for the project http://www.
uppermtkvaricascade.com. The
websites will be updated with news
and relevant information about the
Expression of Interest.
Interested companies may con-
tact: Mariam Valishvili, First Deputy
Minister of Energy, Ministry of Energy
of Georgia. Email: marika.valishvili@
minenergy.gov.ge; or uppermtkvari-
cascade@minenergy.gov.ge, Mobile: +
99577960505; or Bjorn Brandtzaeg,
Project Manager, Econ Poyry, Email:
uppermtkvaricascade@minenergy.
gov.ge. Mobile: + 4798263966
All companies interested in par-
ticipating in the EOI t at the pre-
qualification stage must submit their
Prequalification Application to the ME
on 28 April 2010.
EOI’s invited for Upper Mtkvari Cascade project, Georgia