Wallace The Basics of New Testament Syntax
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Basics
Syntax
New Testament
of
The
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Other Books by Daniel B. Wallace
Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics
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Basics
WALLACE
Daniel B.
An Intermediate
Greek Grammar
Syntax
New Testament
of
The Abridgment of Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics
The
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The Basics of New Testament Syntax
Copyright © 2000 by Daniel B. Wallace
Requests for information should be addressed to:
Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wallace, Daniel B.
The basics of New Testament syntax: an intermediate Greek grammar / Daniel B. Wallace.
p. cm.
“Abridgment of Greek grammar beyond the basics: an exegetical syntax of the
New Testament”—P.1.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-310-23229-5 (hardcover)
1. Greek language, Biblical—Syntax. 2. Greek language, Biblical—Grammar. 3. Bible.
N.T.— Language, style. I. Wallace, Daniel B. Greek grammar beyond the basics. II. Title.
PA851.W338 2000
487’.4—dc 00–029003
CIP
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any
other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.
04 05 06 07 08 09 10 /❖ CT/1312111098765
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ZONDERVAN
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of
the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and
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AER Edition January 2009 ISBN: 978-0-310-32158-3
To Pati
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CONTENTS
Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Language of the New Testament. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Syntax of Words and Phrases
Part I: Syntax of Nouns and Nominals
The Cases
The Cases: An Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Nominative Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Vocative Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Genitive Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Dative Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Accusative Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
The Article
Part I: Origin, Function, Regular Uses, Absence. . . . . . . . . . 93
Part II: Special Uses and Non-Uses of the Article. . . . . . . . 114
Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Part II: Syntax of Verbs and Verbals
Person and Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Passive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Mood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Indicative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Subjunctive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Optative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Imperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
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Tense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
The Tenses: An Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Imperfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Aorist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Perfect and Pluperfect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
The Infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
The Participle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Syntax of the Clause
About the Publisher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7
Share your Thoughts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 8
Introduction to Greek Clauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
The Role of Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Special Studies in the Clauses
Conditional Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Volitional Clauses (Commands and Prohibitions) . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Subject Index/Cheat Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Scripture Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
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