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n
n
n
n
n n
x
1
, x
2
, . . . , x
n
X
1
, X
2
, . . . , X
n
•
•
A B
Ω, A, B
•
•
A
A
N A
N(A) A
P (A) ≈
N(A)
N
,
A
+A
−A
A A
+A
−A
A A
+2, −3
+2, −3
+0, −5
+2, −3
+5, −5
+10, −10
+22, −18
+22, −28
+26, −24
¤
Ω
•
•
•
Ω
∅
• P (Ω) = 1
• P (∅) = 0
A
N(A)
N N(A) 6 N
N
0 6 P (A) 6 1.
n
n
n m
A
A
A
P (A) =
m
n
.
A
A
P (A) =
A
.
A
P (A) =
1
2
¤
12012
24000
1
2
A
A
P (A) =
6
20
= 0, 3 ¤
A
1
P (A
1
) =
6
36
=
1
6
A
2
P (A
2
) =
15
36
=
5
12
A
3
P (A
3
) =
6
36
=
1
6
¤
O
1
, O
2
, O
3
O
1
O
2
O
3
O
1
O
3
O
2
O
2
O
1
O
3
O
2
O
3
O
1
O
3
O
1
O
2
O
3
O
2
O
1