Тимо-Абитуриент. Английский язык № 3(3)/2010 ноябрь

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абі турієнт

ʋ 3(3)/2010

Курс підготовки до ДПА і ЗНО-2011

1. The passage is primarily about____________.

Ⱥ lies and truth

B business people

C the reputation of business people

D honesty and dishonesty in business world.

2. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?

Ⱥ Dishonesty can’t bring proﬁ t

B Honesty is always good business

C There are a lot of stories when dishonesty is sued

D Business people’s experience shows that most people are honest.

3. Which of the following does the pronoun “they” in line 3 refer to?

Ⱥ parents

B children

C teachers

D honest people.

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the victims of dishonesty?

Ⱥ They may fear powerful people

B They appreciate their money and time

C They don’t want to take foolish risks

D They don’t want to risk their reputation.

5. The author of the passage states that ____________.

Ⱥ ɚll business people are honest

B honest business people get high proﬁ ts

C businesspeople are proud of their clean names

D dishonest businesspeople are always punished.

6. Most businesspeople are honest because____________.

Ⱥ teachers told them moral stories

B honest people are always rewarded

C ɿt is correct to behave in such a way

D parents taught them to be honest.

Ɂɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ 1. Ɍɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ (The passage is primarily about) ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɡ’ɹɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨʀ ɬɟɦɢ

ɬɟɤɫɬɭ. ɓɨɛ ɡɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ

, ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣ:

• ɩɪɨɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɤɨɠɧɢɣ ɚɛɡɚɰ;

• ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɿɞɟɸ, ɹɤɚ ʀɯ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɭɽ;

• ɹɤɳɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚ ɿɞɟɹ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ, ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟ ɿɞɟʀ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ, ɧɚɜɤɪɭɝɢ ɭɡɚ-

ɝɚɥɶɧɸɸɱɨʀ;

• ɭɩɟɜɧɿɬɶɫɹ, ɳɨ

ȼɚɲɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɶɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɚ ɧɟ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɛɡɚɰɭ.

ɍ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ (business people), ɱɟɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɲɚɯɪɚɣɫɬɜɨ (ɚɜɬɨɪ ɜɠɢ-

ɜɚɽ ɬɚɤɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɹɤ honesty, dishonesty, moral stories, to trust, to deceive, to break promises). ɍ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ

ɬɚɤɨɠ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɜɿɬ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ (business world), ɱɟɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɲɚɯɪɚɣɫɬɜɨ; ɩɪɨ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɬɚ ɩɪɨ

ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɞɛɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɟɩɭɬɚɰɿɸ (they might not want to endanger their own reputation). ɍ ɬɪɟɬɶɨ-

ɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɪɨɛɢɬɶ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɨɦɭ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɭɬɢ ɱɟɫɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɞɿɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ

(Not because they believed that it would bring them higher proﬁ ts, but because of their own self-respect and

moral principles. They «took pride in their good names.»). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ Ⱥ ɿ B ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɬɢ

ɞɨ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɚɛɡɚɰɿɜ, ɚɥɟ ɜɨɧɢ ɽ ɞɭɠɟ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ. ɍ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɿ Ⱥ ɧɟ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɱɟɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɲɚɯɪɚɣ-

ɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɟ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ȼ ɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨɝɨ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɿɜ.

абі турієнт

ȺɇȽɅȱɃɋɖɄȺ ɆɈȼȺ

Курс підготовки до ДПА і ЗНО-2011

Ɍɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɋ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɚɛɡɚɰɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɞɸ ɽ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ D,

ɚɞɠɟ ɫɚɦɟ ɜɨɧɨ ɜɿɞɛɢɜɚɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɬɟɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ.

Ɂɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ 2 (Which of the following is true, according to the passage?), 5 (The author of the passage states

that…) ɬɚ 6 (Most businesspeople are honest because…) ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɲɭɤ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ, ɳɨ

ɛɚɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ, ɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ.

Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɳɨ ɭ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɿ 2 ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ Ⱥ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɸ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ ɚɜɬɨɪ

ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɳɨ ɧɟɱɟɫɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɨɞɿ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɥɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɨɤ (sometimes dishonesty was greatly proﬁ table).

Ɍɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ȼ ɧɟ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɯɨɱɚ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɣɨɝɨ ɬɟɦɿ. Ɇɢ ɦɨɠɟɦɨ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢ-

ɬɢ, ɳɨ ɱɟɫɧɿɫɬɶ — ɧɚɫɩɪɚɜɞɿ ɝɚɪɧɢɣ ɛɿɡɧɟɫ, ɚɥɟ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɧɚɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɿɜ. Ɍɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɋ

ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ You might think that dishonest

companies and businesspeople would be sued, but they seldom are (Ɇɨɠɧɚ ɛɭɥɨ ɛ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɧɟɱɟɫɧɿ

ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿʀ ɬɚ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɚɥɟ ɬɚɤɟ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɿɞɤɨ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ

ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɽ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ D. Ɉɤɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ businesspeople

do conduct their affairs honestly. They also are willing to trust other businesspeople, because their experience

has taught them that most of them are honest toɨ (Ȼɿɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɫɩɪɚɜɞɿ ɜɟɞɭɬɶ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɱɟɫɧɨ. ȼɨɧɢ ɬɚɤɨɠ

ɦɚɸɬɶ ɫɯɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɜɿɪɹɬɢ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɚɦ, ɛɨ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɞɨɫɜɿɞ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɿɡ ɧɢɯ —

ɱɟ

ɫɧɿ ɥɸɞɢ).

ɍ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɿ 5 ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ Ⱥ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɸ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ

ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɿɜ (ɚɥɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɿ) ɧɚɫɩɪɚɜɞɿ ɽ ɱɟɫɧɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ (most of them are honest tɨo).

ɍ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɿ ȼ ɿɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɢ ɱɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ, ɚɥɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɩɪɹɦɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɛ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪ-

ɞɢɥɢ ɰɟ. Ɍɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ D ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢɦ ɡ ɰɿɽʀ ɠ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ: ɚɜɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɞɨɤɚɡɿɜ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ

ɲɚɯɪɚʀ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɪɚɧɧɹ. ȼɿɞɬɚɤ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɞɸ ɽ ɋ. ɉɪɨ ɰɟ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɬɪɟɬɶɨ-

ɝɨ ɚɛɡɚɰɭ They took pride in their good names (ȼɨɧɢ ɩɢɲɚɥɢɫɹ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɞɨɛɪɢɦ ɿɦ’ɹɦ).

ɍ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɿ 6 Ⱥ ɿ D ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢɫɹ ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɢ ɬɚ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɿ ɞɿɣ-

ɫɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɞɿɬɹɦ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ, ɳɨ ɫɥɿɞ ɛɭɬɢ ɱɟɫɧɢɦɢ Their parents and teachers told them moral stories about

honest people who were rewarded and dishonest people who were punished (Ȳɯ ɛɚɬɶɤɢ ɬɚ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚ-

ɥɢ ʀɦ ɩɨɜɱɚɥɶɧɿ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɩɪɨ ɱɟɫɧɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɹɤɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɟ, ɬɚ ɧɟɱɟɫɧɢɯ, ɹɤɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɪɚɧɿ), ɚɥɟ

ɚɜɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ, ɳɨ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɱɢɧɧɢɤ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜ ɜɢɪɿɲɚɥɶɧɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɛɨɪɿ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿʀ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ

ɛɿɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɿɜ ɭ ɞɿɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ. Ɍɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ȼ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢɦ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɞɨɤɚɡɿɜ

ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ ɱɟɫɧɿ ɥɸɞɢ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶ ɜɢɧɚɝɨɪɨɞɭ. ȼɿɞɬɚɤ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɸ

ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɞɸ ɽ ɋ. ɉɪɨ ɰɟ ɫɜɿɞ-

ɱɢɬɶ ɿ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ: Said one: «We keep promises because we believe it is right to do so, not

because it is good business» (Ƚɨɜɨɪɹɬɶ: «Ɇɢ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɽɦɨɫɶ ɨɛɿɰɹɧɨɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɦɨ ɰɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɦ,

ɚɧɟɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɰɟ ɝɚɪɧɢɣ ɛɿɡɧɟɫ»).

Ɂɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ 3 (The pronoun “they” in line 3 refers to which of the following…) ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜ-

ɥɟɧɧɹ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤɚ, ɞɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɫɢɥɚɽ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤ. əɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɬɚɤɢɣ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɫɬɨʀɬɶ ɭ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɯ.

ɓɨɛ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ, ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣ:

• ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ;

• ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɿɦɟɧɧɢɤ, ɳɨ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ ɡɚɣɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɦ;

• ɜɿɞɤɢɧɶɬɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ, ɜɢɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɧɚɣɤɪɚɳɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ.

ɍ ɧɚɲɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɽɞɢɧɨɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɞɸ ɽ ȼ.

ɍ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɿ 4 ɫɥɿɞ ɡɧɚɣɬɢ ɮɚɤɬɢ, ɳɨ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɚɬɶ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ. ɇɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɢ

ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɿ ɨɞɧɚ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ. Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɽ victim (ɠɟɪɬɜɚ). Ⱦɟ-

ɬɚɥɶɧɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɠɟɪɬɜ ɲɚɯɪɚɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ: The victims may be afraid of the person's

power, they may just not want to spend the time and money and effort, or they might not want to endanger their

own reputation (ɀɟɪɬɜɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɨɹɬɢɫɹ ɦɨɝɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ, ɧɟ ɛɚɠɚɬɢ ɜɢɬɪɚɱɚɬɢ ɱɚɫ, ɝɪɨɲɿ ɬɚ ɡɭɫɢɥɥɹ

ɚɛɨ ɧɟ ɪɢɡɢɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɜɨɽɸ ɪɟɩɭɬɚɰɿɽɸ). Ɍɨɠ, ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ, ɳɨ ɿɧɨɞɿ ɠɟɪɬɜɢ ɧɟ ɛɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɦɚɬɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɭ

ɿɡ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɜɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɸ A, ɜɢɬɪɚɱɚɬɢ ɱɚɫ, ɝɪɨɲɿ ɬɚ ɡɭɫɢɥɥɹ ɧɚ ɡ’ɹɫ

ɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɨɫɭɧ-

ɤɿɜ — B, ɞɛɚɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɪɟɩɭɬɚɰɿɸ — D. ɍ ɬɪɟɬɶɨɦɭ ɚɛɡɚɰɿ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɛɟɡɝɥɭɡɞɢɣ ɪɢɡɢɤ (foolish

risks), ɚɥɟ ɜ ɡɨɜɫɿɦ ɿɧɲɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɞɸ ɽ C.

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Виконайте контрольний тест

ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ. ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɫɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ

ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɢɦɢ ɩɿɞɪɭɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɳɨ.

ТЕСТ 2 (КОНТРОЛЬНИЙ)

Read the text below. For questions (1—6) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your answer

on the separate answers sheet.

THE STUFF DREAMS ARE MADE OF

By James MCGowan, P. D

What are dreams? Do they mean anything? These are two questions my clients often ask. When Pocket

Digest asked me to write a brief article about dreams for this month’s issue, I was happy to agree.

So, ﬁ rst: What are dreams? Dreams are stories people create, watch, and participate in while sleeping.

Dreams are imaginary, of course, but they seem real to the dreamer. Whether we are awake or asleep, our brains

continually produce electrical brain waves scientists can measure. During sleep, there are two basic types of

waves: (1) large, slow waves; and (2) smaller, faster waves. The type of sleep that occurs when the waves are

smaller and faster is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. Most dreaming happens during REM

sleep. If you watch someone who’s asleep and dreaming, you’ll probably see that person’s eyelids moving

quickly. REM periods usually occur from three to ﬁ ve times per night. When we wake up in the morning and

remember our dreams, it often seems that they’ve gone on for hours and hours. They haven’t, though; REM

periods usually last from ﬁ ve minutes to half an hour.

Second: Do dreams mean anything? Well, yes, they mean something. But it’s a lot more difﬁ cult to assign

a speciﬁ c meaning to a dream than we might think. Sigmund Freud, whose theory of psychoanalysis has

dominated psychiatry in the twentieth century, said that dreams are usually disguised wish fulﬁ llments. Suppose,

for example, you have a red-headed co-worker you don’t like who’s always criticizing you. One night you

dream you’re driving a car. You see a man dressed in red, and you hit him with your car. According to Freud,

hitting the man in red would represent your anger at the red-haired man at work. Your dream fulﬁ lls your wish.

But not all psychiatrists agree with Freud. Some say that this kind of matching of dreams and reality is too

easy. The reality of people’s lives, they say, is much more complex. Dreams have meanings, of course, but we

shouldn’t be too quick to interpret them.

1. According to the passage, Pocket Digest is_________________.

Ⱥ a client’s name

B a weekly newspaper

C a monthly magazine

D a doctors’ association.

2. Electrical impulses generated by brain can be measured_________________.

Ⱥ at any moment

B during REM sleep

C when eyelids are moving

D when a person is awake.

3. The author states that the duration of REM sleep is _________________.

Ⱥ from minutes to hours

B equal to a night’s sleep

C from three to ﬁ ve hours per night

D from ﬁ ve to thirty minutes per night.

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4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _________________.

Ⱥ Dreams are meaningful

B Dreams are imaginary stories

C Dreams realize people’s desires

D Dreams come over and over again.

5. It can be inferred from the passage that _________________.

Ⱥ people are interested in the essence of dreams

B the red colour in our dreams symbolizes anger

C there is a direct connection between our dreams and reality

D we remember our dreams if we wake up during REM sleep.

6. The author of the passage states that _________________.

Ⱥ dreams are a result of electrical processes in our brains

B he was glad to answer two questions concerning dreams

C scientists give different opinions as to dreams interpretation

D people are passive observers of the events they dream about.

Бланк відповідей А

ɍ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɯ 1—6 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɣɬɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɬɚɤ: x

ABCD ABCD ABCD

135

246

ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟ ɫɜɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɡɚ ɤɥɸɱɚɦɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɿ ɬɪɟɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɶ ɧɚ ɫ. 29.

Ʉɨɠɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɨɰɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ 1 ɛɚɥ. ɋɭɦɭ ɛɚɥɿɜ ɡɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɫɬɭ 2 ɡɚɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɭ ɳɨɞɟɧ-

ɧɢɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɿ ʋ 1(1), 2010.

əɤɳɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɭ ȼɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɥɢ ɩɨɦɢɥɤɢ, ɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ

ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɭ ɡ ɬɟɦɢ ɿ ɜɩɪɚɜ, ɳɨ ȼɢ ɨɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɥɢ, ɬɚ ɡɧɨɜɭ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ ɰɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ.

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КЛЮЧІ ДО ТЕСТОВИХ І ТРЕНУВАЛЬНИХ ЗАВДАНЬ

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 1. ȽɊȺɆȺɌɂɄȺ

Ɍɟɫɬ 1 (ɜɯɿɞɧɢɣ)

1 ɋ 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 D 8 B 9 C 10 C 11 A 12 D

ȽɊȺɆȺɌɂɑɇɂɃ ɆȺɌȿɊȱȺɅ ȱ ɌɊȿɇɍȼȺɅɖɇȱ ɁȺȼȾȺɇɇə

Exercise 1. 1 my. 2 her. 3 our. 4 their. 5 hers. 6 her. 7 our. 8 ours. 9 us. 10 our. 11 her, ours. 12 hers. 13 him.

14 myself. 15 myself. 16 their. 17 ourselves. 18 these, those. 19 them. 20 theirs.

Exersice 3. 1 nothing. 2 any. 3 anybody. 4 anything. 5 anybody. 6 everything. 7 anything. 8 nobody.

9 nobody. 10 any. 11 none. 12 neither. 13 somewhere. 14 everything. 15 neither.

Exercise 4. 1 who. 2 what. 3 who(m). 4 which. 5 who. 6 what. 7 what. 8 what. 9 whose. 10 which. 11 who.

12 what.

Exercise 7. 1 whom. 2 whose. 3 that/which. 4 what. 5 who. 6 that/which. 7 who. 8 that/which. 9 which.

10 what. 11 that/which. 12 what.

Exercise 9. 1 everybody/everyone. 2 either/each. 3 both. 4 every/each/all/the whole. 5 other. 6 every/any/

each. 7 another/every/each. 8 all. 9 others. 10 everybody/everyone/all. 11 all. 12 both/neither.

Exercise 10. 1 the others. 2 another. 3 the other. 4 others. 5 the other. 6 the other. 7 other. 8 the other.

9 the others. 10 other. 11 another. 12 others.

Ɍɟɫɬ 2 (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɣ)

1 C 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 D 8 A 9 B 10 D 11 A 12 B

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 2. ɅȿɄɋɂɄȺ

Ɍɟɫɬ 1 (ɜɯɿɞɧɢɣ)

1 B 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 D 11 B 12 A

ɅȿɄɋɂɑɇɂɃ ɆȺɌȿɊȱȺɅ ȱ ɌɊȿɇɍȼȺɅɖɇȱ ɁȺȼȾȺɇɇə

Exercise 1. A 1 head 2 spine 3 arm 4 leg 5 stomach 6 heart 7 lungs

Exercise 2. 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 E 5 D

Exercise 4. 1 E 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 C

Exercise 6. A: 1 B, F 2 A, D 3 A, D 4 C 5 E, G B: 1 put on 2 resist 3 join

Exercise 8. 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 D

Ɍɟɫɬ 2 (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɣ)

1 C 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 B 8 B 9 A 10 C 11 D 12 B

ɊɈɁȾȱɅ 3. ɑɂɌȺɇɇə

Ɍɟɫɬ 1 (ɜɯɿɞɧɢɣ)

1 Ⱥ 2 ȼ 3 Ⱥ 4 ȼ 5 ɋ 6 A

Ɍɟɫɬ 2 (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɢɣ)

1 C 2 Ⱥ 3 D 4 D 5 A 6 C

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ТРЕНУВАЛЬНИЙ ТЕСТ У ФОРМАТІ ЗНО-2011

ȱ. ɑȺɋɌɂɇȺ «ɑɂɌȺɇɇə»

Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ

ɐɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɬɟɫɬɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɡ 6 ɡɚɜɞɚɧɶ, ɫɟɪɟɞ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ, ɡɚ-

ɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɜɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɿɜ.

Ʉɨɠɧɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ, ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɶ ɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ.

• ɭ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɯ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ȼɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɢ ɿ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ/ɡɚɝɨ-

ɥɨɜɤɢ/ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɿɞɿɛɪɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ/ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧ-

ɧɹ/ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɸ;

• ɭ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɯ ɿɡ ɜɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ȼɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɿ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ

ɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ, ɚ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɜɢɛɪɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɡ ɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ;

• ɭ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɯ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɿɜ ȼɚɦ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɞɨɩɨɜɧɢɬɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɪɟɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ/ɱɚɫɬɢ-

ɧɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ/ɫɥɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɡ ɩɨɞɚɧɢɯ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ.

ɋɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɨɡɧɚɣɨɦɬɟɫɹ ɡ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɽɸ ɞɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ.

ɍɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ.

ȼɢɛɟɪɿɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭ, ɧɚ ȼɚɲɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɿ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɬɟ ʀʀ ɭ ɛɥɚɧɤɭ Ⱥ.

ɍɜɚɝɚ!

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɣɬɟ ɫɜɿɣ ɱɚɫ.

ɇɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɰɿɽʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɬɟɫɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ 60 ɯɜɢɥɢɧ.

əɤɳɨ ȼɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɞɚɬɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ, ɬɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ.

ȼɚɲ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɢɦɟ ɜɿɞ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɟɣ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɛɥɚɧɤɭ Ⱥ.

READING

TASK 1

Match choices (A—H) to (1—5). There are three choices you don’t need to use. Write your answers on

the separate answer sheet.

This is the interview with the famous singer Sir Paul McCartney in which the 65-year-old Beatle explains

why he became the unofﬁ cial face of the British Paralympics team and helped to raise £2m to send it to Beijing.

1 ___________

Well, I admire it, you know. It’s a great human effort when you are faced with something as devastating,

or potentially devastating, as illness or injury. To be able to overcome it and make something of it, I think it’s

a good metaphor for a lot of things that happen in the world. It makes you think: ‘Whoa, if they can overcome

that, what am I moaning about?’

2 ___________

One of the reasons that I love the Olympics is that I love athletics; on telly that’s probably my favourite

thing. I love the condensed effort of sprints; I like the 400, the 800, the longer ones, but by the time it gets to

the marathon I’m a little bit bored because I have got a short attention span.

3 ___________

A little bit, but not as much as I now know. That’s one of the things: most of us know the Paralympics exist,

but I thought it was probably a good idea to raise awareness of it. Also to raise some money, because they are

pretty underfunded and, of course, with someone like Sophie it takes quite a lot to get her and her horse and her

support team to Beijing.

4 ___________

There was a guy, Matt Skelhon, with a kind of mohican cut, going for the groovy look. The idea that

I picked up was: ‘Look just because this has happened to me, I’m not going to shrink away. I’m going to be

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bold.’ He’s got a look that identiﬁ es him and he’s a very positive guy. I am a great believer that if you can put

a positive spin on things, it can attract luck back into your life.

5 ___________

No, actually. I was terrible, pretty hopeless, really. I used to enjoy football in the street, but by the time it

got a bit more formalised, I wasn’t very good at it. That puts you off, there are always guys mightily bigger or

better than you are. And that’s how it was with the Beatles; none of us was very sports-minded. I like watching

the football on the telly, I go to the occasional match, but I’m not a massive fan.

A OSM: We understand that you wanted to be involved with the British Paralympic team after meeting

a disabled equestrian rider, Sophie Christiansen. How did your paths cross?

B Did you know much about the Paralympics?

C Were you surprised by the dedication and level of preparation of our disabled athletes?

D You must have met a lot of athletes — were there any individuals who particularly made an impact on

you?

E You grew up in one of the most sport-obsessed cities in the world — has sport always been a passion

of yours?

F What about other sports?

G Don’t you think that sports build a strong character?

H The dedication of disabled athletes makes them good role models for other people, doesn’t it?

TASK 2

Read the text below. For questions (6—11) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your answers

on the separate answers sheet.

Basketball was invented in December 1891 by James Naismith, a Canadian clergyman and educator, who

then worked as an instructor at the Young Men’s Training School in Springﬁ eld, Massachusetts. The game

appeared in response to the request of Naismith’s supervisors to develop a vigorous and interesting form of

entertainment suitable for indoor winter play. Naismith and his helpers spent 14 days, piecing together the rules

for the game. The game used elements of football, soccer, and hockey, and the ﬁ rst ball used was a soccer ball.

Originally teams had nine players, by 1897—98 teams of ﬁ ve had become standard.

Many US colleges adopted the game between 1893 and 1895. Basketball rapidly spread nationwide and to

Canada and other parts of the world; it also became a popular informal outdoor game. U.S. servicemen in World

War II popularized the sport in many other countries. The popularity of the game reached new heights in the late

1970s, due largely to the creation of the NBA, its spectacular matches and recognizable stars.

Over the years, the equipment and the rules of the game have been somewhat changed. Nowadays basketball

is played and watched world-wide by people of all ages and sexes.

6. The game of basketball appeared _________________.

Ⱥ at an American school for boys

B because Naismith was a responsible educator

C because schoolchildren had nothing to do in winter

D after Naismith had been working it out for a long time.

7. According to paragraph 1, basketball is _________________.

Ⱥ a combination of soccer and hockey

B an exciting winter game

C a result of team work

D an amusing invention.

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8. The number of a basketball team players _________________.

Ⱥ grew rapidly

B almost doubled

C soon decreased

D became half as big.

9. During the Second World War _________________.

Ⱥ Americans played basketball all over the world

B basketball became more widespread due to American soldiers

C basketball became a popular informal outdoor game in Canada

D American specialists worked in many other countries of the world.

10. It can be inferred from the passage that _________________.

Ⱥ basketball is the most popular indoor game

B the game of basketball is constantly changing

C by now basketball has become quite a different game

D the number of basketball fans grew owing to the NBA.

11. According to the passage all of the following are true EXCEPT _________________.

Ⱥ Basketball had four peaks of popularity

B The game was developed in about a fortnight

C Basketball was welcomed by educational establishments

D Basketball used to be played with other sport’s equipment.

TASK 3

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (12—16). There are three choices you do nɨt need to use.

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

12. ROYAL NATIONAL Bedford Way WC1H 0DG

One of London’s largest hotels, the Royal National offers all rooms with bath, shower, w.c., t.v., radio and

self dial telephone: Amongst the amenities of the well located hotel is a busy cocktail bar, typical English pub,

Carver Restaurant with a full range of roasts, coffee shop, Chinese restaurant, and a recent innovation, a health

food restaurant. A large tourist hotel with a busy international ﬂ avour.

13. ROYAL COURT HOTEL Sloane Square SW1W 8EG

Situated in London’s fashionable Sloane Square, close to the popular Knightsbridge shops and in the heart

of Chelsea, The Royal Court has been completely rebuilt inside to create an elegant luxurious 4 star hotel. All

bedrooms have private bath or shower, direct dial telephone, colour television, in house ﬁ lms and room service.

The restaurant The Old Poodle Dog together with its Old English tavern and Court Café Bar makes this a much

sought after hotel.

14. JOHN HOWARD HOTEL 4 Queensgate Kensington SW7 5EH

Well located in Kensington, near Albert Hall, and Kensington High Street, this luxurious hotel offers The

Captains Bar, an elegant reception lounge and 51 beautiful rooms all en-suite. Luxury furnished apartments with

reproduction antique furniture, hi-ﬁ and kitchen are also available at a supplementary cost. (English breakfast

included)

15. COBURG HOTEL 129 Bayswater Road W2 4RJ

With its distinctive “terra cotta domes” this prominent tourist hotel offers a warm and friendly welcome to

its guests. Located in Bayswater overlooking Kensington Gardens and close to Queensway, it is very convenient

for the many ethnic restaurants in the vicinity, Queens Ice Rink, Portobello Road, and Bayswater Sunday Art

Display, Oxford Circus are 12 minutes away. The Coburg has a pleasant lounge bar in addition to a restaurant

offering excellent food and service.

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Тест у форматі ЗНО-2011

16. THE GEORGE Templeton Place SW5 9 NB

Convenient to Earls Court and Olympia Exhibition Centres, this medium grade hotel occupies a quiet

residential location in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It offers traditional standards of comfort

and hospitality combined with modern facilities which include small indoor swimming pool, Jacuzzi spa, sauna,

solarium, snooker room and gymnasium. All rooms have bath, shower, w.c. in this 127 room hotel.

Which hotel gives you an opportunity to _________________

A ɫook your own food?

B buy souvenirs and presents without leaving the hotel?

C try national cuisines at the restaurants situated nearby?

D book railway tickets?

E taste oriental food?

F enjoy videos in your own room?

G do some sport?

H hold business meetings?

TASK 4

Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best ﬁ ts each of (17—22). There are two choices

you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

THE BIRTHPLACE OF BROADWAY

New York City is the birthplace of Broadway, which began in thɟ early 1900s. Characterized by simplicity

and charm, Broadway soon be came the cultural center of New York. The theatre district fascinated large groups

of middle-class people in search of music, excitement, and romance. The best seats in the house cost only $2.00.

The relationship between audience and actors was lively and high-spirited. Audiences became caught up in the

plays, (17) __________ .

Broadway reached its prime during the 1920s. Fresh ideas and hope ﬁ lled the theatre. Lawrence Langner,

organizer of the Theatre Guild, helped Broadway become a dazzling performing arts center (18) __________.

After the stock-market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, Broadway plunged. The number of

productions declined and (19) __________ . Ironically, this became a creative period. Established writers

organized the Playwrights Company, and continued to write interesting plays that were concerned with the state

of affairs in America. Many of Broadway theatres now included dramas of social protest, (20) __________ .

Many playwrights used the theatres to make social commentary.

Broadway began to compare with television and movies during the 1940s. Most theatres on Broadway were

turned into ﬁ lm houses. Movies were beginning to take over the entertainment business. Also by this time,

television was becoming a competitor. Television wɚs providing the public with free entertainment.

Modern day Broadway is alive and well and Broadway theatre is considered the most prestigious form

of professional theatre in the United States, (21)__________ . Seeing a Broadway show is a popular tourist

activity in New York. Some ticket booths sell same-day tickets for many Broadway shows at half price. This

service helps sell seats that would otherwise go empty, and (22) __________ . Many theatres also offer special

student rates, same-day “rush” tickets, or standing-room tickets to help ensure that their theatres are full.

Theatres all across America produce Off-Broadway and original plays, musicals and dance productions.

American Theatre offers a diverse range of entertainment. With many themes to choose from you are certain to

ﬁ nd a show that interests you.

A using the slogan «Theatre as a Weapon»

B makes seeing a show in New York more affordable

C talking to the actors, clapping and cheering

D giving a start to many stars

абі турієнт

ȺɇȽɅȱɃɋɖɄȺ ɆɈȼȺ

Тест у форматі ЗНО-2011

E put many theatre people out of work

F that inﬂ uenced the theatre of the world

G getting more and more famous

H as well as the most well known to the general public

TASK 5

Read the texts below. For each of the empty spaces (23—34) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Oxbridge was originally a ﬁ ctional composite of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge

in England, and the term is now (23) _______ to refer to them collectively, often with implications of perceived

superior intellectual or social status.

In addition to being a collective term, Oxbridge is often used as shorthand for characteristics that the two

institutions (24) _______:

• They are the two oldest universities in continuous operation in England. Both were founded more than

800 years ago, and continued as England’s only universities until the 19th century. (25) _______ them they

have educated a large number of Britain’s most prominent scientists, writers and politicians, as well as noted

ﬁ gures in many other ﬁ elds.

• Because of their age, they have (26) _______ similar institutions and facilities such as printing houses,

botanical gardens, museums, and debating (27) _______ .

• Rivalry between Oxford and Cambridge also has a long history, dating back to around 1209 when

Cambridge was (28) _______ by scholars taking refuge from hostile Oxford townsmen.

• (29) _______ has a similar collegiate structure, whereby the University is a co-operative of its colleges,

who are responsible for supervisions/tutorials and pastoral care.

• They are the top-scoring institutions in cross-subject UK university rankings, so they are targetted

by ambitious pupils, parents and schools. Entrance is competitive and some schools promote themselves (30)

_______ on their achievement of Oxbridge offers.

• Oxford and Cambridge have (31) _______ approaches to undergraduate admissions. Until the mid-

1980s, entry was typically by sitting special entrance exams. (32) _______ must be made at least three months

early. Because most candidates are predicted to achieve top grades at A level, interviews are usually used to

check whether the course is well (33) _______ to the applicant’s interests and aptitudes, and to (34) _______

evidence of self-motivation, independent thinking, academic potential and ability to learn through the tutorial

system.

23 A

used

told

taken

kept

24 A

know

ﬁ nd

divide

A among

between

with

26 A

established

made

found

executed

27 A

societies

circles

collections

theatres

28 A

found

made

visited

founded

29 A

every

both

each

all

30 A

given

based

supported

insured

31 A

common

same

likely

frequent

32 A

statements

declarations

claims

applications

33 A

suited

matched

ﬁ tted

done

34 A

look up

look after

look for

look about