Tietenberg Tom, Lewis Lynne. Environmental & Natural Resource Economics
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Property Rules—Legal rules that govern the initial
allocation of entitlements. Valuation of the enti-
tlements is left to the market.
Property Tax—A tax on the value of land and the
improvements on it.
Proposition 65—A California law that requires
companies producing, using, or transporting one
or more of the specified substances in amounts
over the “safe harbor” threshold to notify those
who are potentially impacted.
Prototype Carbon Fund—An intermediary set up
to encourage developing-country reductions in
greenhouse gases. It acts as a kind of mutual fund
by picking promising investment opportunities
under the clean development mechanism for
donor countries and transferring the resulting
emission reduction credits to the donors for use
in meeting their assigned amount obligations.
Public Good—A resource characterized by nonex-
clusivity and indivisibility.
Real Consumption Per Capita—Constant-dollar
consumption divided by population.
Real-Resource Costs—As opposed to transfer
costs, these are costs borne by both private parties
and society as a whole because they involve the
loss of net benefits, not merely their transfer.
Receiving Areas—Those areas under a transferable
development rights system where rights acquired
from owners in the sending area can be used.
Recycling Surcharge—Imposed at the time of com-
modity purchase, this charge attempts to recover
from the consumer the cost of recycling and/or
disposal of the commodity after its useful life.
Regional Pollutants—Pollutants that can cause
damage some distance from the emission source.
(Examples include the precursors for acid rain
and tropospheric ozone.)
Regressive Distribution—Net benefits from a pol-
icy received by various income groups represent a
larger portion of the income of the rich than of
the poor.
Renewable Energy Credit—An official record
granted to producers of qualified renewable energy
that can be sold separately from the power to allow
the recovery of the extra costs associated with
renewable power.
Renewable Portfolio Standards—These standards
specify enforceable targets and deadlines for pro-
ducing specific proportions of electricity from
renewable resources.
Renewable Resources—Resources that can be natu-
rally regenerated over time on a human time scale.
Rent Seeking—The use of resources in lobbying and
other activities directed at securing increased prof-
its through protective regulation or legislation.
631Glossary
Replacement Rate—The level of the total fertil-
ity rate that is compatible with a stationary
population.
Res Nullius Regime—A property rights system in
which no one owns or exercises control over
resources. Resources covered by this regime can
usually be exploited on a first-come, first-served
basis.
Resource Endowment—The natural occurrence of
resources in the earth’s crust and atmosphere.
Resource Taxonomy—A classification system used to
characterize the nature of natural resource stocks in
terms of the certainty of the stock estimates and the
economic likelihood of their recovery.
Retirement Effect—The increase (or decrease) of
the percentage of the population composed of
individuals over 65 years of age induced by a low
(or high) population growth rate.
Return Flow—A term used in water management
that refers to the unconsumed portion from an
upstream user’s water allocation that will eventu-
ally return to the watercourse (and, hence, be
available to a downstream user).
Riparian Rights—Allocates the right to use water to
the owner of the land adjacent to the water, as
long as no adverse effects are imposed on other
rights holders.
Risk-Free Cost of Capital—Rate of return earned
on an investment when the risk of earning more
or less than expected returns is zero.
Risk-Neutrality—An agent who has no preference
between options that produce the same expected
value.
Risk Premium—Additional rate of return required
to compensate the owners of the capital when the
expected and actual returns may differ. It repre-
sents compensation for a willingness to undertake
some risk.
Scale Effects—How the size of an operation affects
average costs.
Scarcity Rent—Producer’s surplus that persists
in long-run equilibrium due to fixed supply or
increasing costs.
Second Law of Thermodynamics—Entropy, the
energy not available for work, increases.
Secondary Effects—Indirect consequences of an
action; beyond primary effects.
Secondary Standard—An ambient standard designed
to protect those aspects of human welfare other
than health.
Sending Areas—Areas where the owners of land
can sell rights in a transferable development
rights system.
Senior Claims—Used in water management, this
class of claims entitles the holder to a priority for
specified amounts of water. These rights have a
higher priority in times of low water availability
than junior claims.
Social Marginal Cost—The cost of producing an
additional unit of the resource that is borne by
society at large. Generally includes private mar-
ginal costs plus external marginal costs.
Socialist Economy—A centrally planned economy
where the means of production are controlled by
the government.
Sprawl—An inefficient land use pattern where the
uses are excessively dispersed.
Stable Equilibrium—A level of stock that will be
restored following temporary shocks.
Starting-Point Bias—Arises when a contingent val-
uation survey respondent is asked to check off his
or her answer from a predetermined range of pos-
sibilities and the answers depend on the range
specified by the survey instrument.
Static Efficiency—The chief normative economic
criterion for choosing among various allocations
when time is not an important consideration. An
allocation satisfies the static efficiency criterion if
it maximizes the net benefits from all possible
uses of the resource.
Static Efficient Sustained Yield—The sustained
catch level in a fishery that produces the largest
annual recurring net benefit.
Stationary Population—A population in which
age- and sex-specific fertility rates yield a
birthrate that is constant and equal to the death
rate, so the population growth rate is zero.
Stationary Source—An immobile pollution source.
(Industrial sources, for example, as opposed to
automobiles.)
Statistically Significant—Observed differences are
unlikely to result from pure chance.
Stock Pollutants—Pollutants that accumulate in
the environment because the environment has
little or no absorptive capacity for them.
Strategic Bias—A respondent provides a biased
answer to a contingent valuation survey in order
to influence a particular outcome.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve—A petroleum
stockpile established by an importing nation to
minimize the damage that could be done by an
embargo imposed by a foreign supplier. It would
serve as an alternative source of supply for a
short period.
Stratosphere—The atmosphere that lies above the
troposphere. It extends to about 31 miles above
the earth’s surface.
Strict Liability—A tort law doctrine requiring that
the party responsible for pollution contamination
compensate victims for damage caused. Differs
from negligence in that the victim does not have
to prove negligence by the injurer.
Strong Form of the Global Scarcity Hypothesis—
According to this hypothesis, scarcity becomes
sufficiently deep that the output of food is not able
to keep pace with population growth; per capita
food production declines.
Strong Sustainability—This definition of sustain-
ability is fulfilled if the natural capital stock does
not decline.
Suboptimal Allocation—An allocation that could
be rearranged so that one or more people could
be made better off while no one was made worse
off. (Also called an inefficient allocation.)
Subsidies—Payments or tax breaks from the gov-
ernment that make the cost to the buyer lower
than the marginal cost of production.
Substitution—Replacing one resource with another.
May occur, for example, when the original resource
is no longer cost-effective or is diminishing in
quantity or quality.
Sulfur Allowance Auction—Run by the Chicago
Board of Trade, this annual auction requires util-
ities to place a proportion of these allowances up
for sale each year. The proceeds are returned to
the utilities. (This is called a “zero revenue auc-
tion” since the government derives no revenue
from it.) It ensures the continual availability of
permits and provides good public information on
prices.
Sulfur Allowance Program—A transferable permit
program targeted at electric utilities that is
designed to reduce sulfur emissions from 1980
levels by 10 million tons. Involves an auction and
an emissions cap.
Surface Water—The freshwater in rivers, lakes, and
reservoirs that collects and flows on the earth’s
surface.
Sustainability Criterion—A criterion for judging
the fairness of allocations of resources among
generations. Generally requires that resource use
by any generation should not exceed a level that
would prevent future generations from achieving
a level of well-being at least as great.
Sustainable Forestry—Forestry practices that are
consistent with one of the definitions of sustain-
ability, though most commonly this term refers to
compatibility with the environmental sustainabil-
ity criterion.
Sustainable Yield—Harvest levels that can be main-
tained indefinitely; achieved by setting the annual
harvest equal to the annual net growth of the
population.
Synergistic—The dose-response relationship is
dependent upon several interrelated factors.
Glossary632
“Take-Back” Principle—The belief that manufac-
turers of products should have the responsibility
to take the packaging and the products back at
the end of their useful lives in order to promote
efficient packaging and recycling. (Also called
extended producer responsibility.)
Tangible Benefits—Benefits that can reasonably be
assigned a monetary value.
Technological Progress—An innovation in process
or technique that allows more output or services
to be derived from a given set of inputs.
Theory of Demographic Transition—A theory
that shows how population growth is related to
the stages of industrial development.
Thermal Pollution—Pollution caused by the injec-
tion of heat into a watercourse.
Third Parties—Victims who have no contractual
relationship to a pollution source. (They are nei-
ther consumers of the product produced by the
source nor employed by the source.)
Total Cost—The sum of fixed and variable costs.
Total Fertility Rate—The number of live births an
average woman has in her lifetime if, at each year
of age, she experiences the average birthrate
occurring in the general population of similarly
aged women.
Toxic Release Inventory—A system for reporting
toxic emissions releases from individual facilities
in the United States. By making the data public, it
was designed to warn communities of the risks
they face and to encourage reductions prior to
regulation.
Toxicity—The degree of harm caused to living organ-
isms as a result of exposure to the substance.
Transactions Costs—Costs incurred in attempting
to complete transactions. (For example, in buying
a home, these might include payments to the
broker for arranging the sale, to the bank for one-
time special fees, and to the government for the
required forms. The value of the time expended in
negotiating would also be a transactions cost.)
Transfer Coefficient—A coefficient used in simulat-
ing pollutant flows. It relates the degree to which
pollution concentrations at a specific receptor site
are increased by a one-unit increase in emissions
from a specific source.
Transfer Cost—A cost to a private party that is not
a cost to society as a whole, because it involves a
transfer of net benefits from one component of
society to another.
Transferability—Property rights can be exchanged
among owners on a voluntary basis.
Troposphere—The atmosphere that is closest to the
earth. Its depth ranges from about 10 miles over
the equator to about five miles over the poles.
633Glossary
Two-Part Charge—As used in water management,
this type of charge combines volume pricing with
a monthly fee that doesn’t vary with the amount
used. The monthly fee is designed to help cover
fixed costs.
Underallocation—Less-than-optimal levels of a
resource are dedicated to a given use or time
period.
Uniform Emission Charge—A charge on effluent
that applies the same per-unit rate to all sources
regardless of their size or location.
Uniform Treatment—A strategy to reduce effluent
levels by a specified percentage at each emissions
level.
Uniformly Mixed Pollutants—For these pollu-
tants, the damage done to the environment
depends on the amount of emissions that enters
the atmosphere. The location of emissions is not
a matter of policy concern. (Examples include
ozone-depleting gases and greenhouse gases.)
User Cost—Opportunity cost created by scarcity.
It represents the value of an opportunity forgone
when the resource can no longer be used in
its next-best use. (For example, for a unit of a
depletable resource used now, the user cost is the
net benefits that would have been received by sav-
ing it and using it during the next time period.)
Usufruct Right—Holders of this right may use a
resource (normally subject to restrictions), but do
not have full ownership rights.
Variable Cost—Production costs that vary with
output.
Volume Pricing—Making the cost of the service a
function of the volume used. Used both in trash
disposal and water distribution.
Weak Form of the Global Scarcity Hypothesis—
According to this hypothesis, production is able
to keep pace with population growth, but the sup-
ply curve is sufficiently steeply sloped that food
prices increase faster than other prices in general;
the relative price of food increases over time, and
the problem is affordability rather than physical
availability.
Weak Sustainability—Resource use by previous
generations should not exceed a level that would
prevent future generations from achieving a level
of well-being at least as great. This definition of
sustainability is fulfilled if the total capital stock
(natural capital plus physical capital) does not
decline.
Welfare Measure—A measure of development that
increases or decreases in relation to how well-off
society is.
Wet Deposition—Occurs when air pollutants fall to
land or water during rain or snow events.
634 Glossary
automobiles are also normally included despite
the fact that producing the electricity typically
results in pollution.)
Zoned Effluent Charge—A charge on efflu-
ent that applies different per-unit rates to
sources depending on their location. Generally
sources closer to, and upstream from, locations
with more serious pollution problems face
higher rates.
Youth Effect—The increase (or decrease) of the
percentage of the population composed of indi-
viduals under 15 years of age induced by a high
(or low) population growth rate.
Zero Discharge—No emissions of the targeted pol-
lutant are allowed.
Zero Emission Vehicle—Automobiles that directly
emit no air pollutants. (Examples include vehicles
powered by solar energy and fuel cells. Electric
635
Name Index
Abdalla, Charles W., 92
Acharya, Gayatri, 91
Acheson, James M., 331, 354
Ackerman, Frank, 95
Adamowicz, Wiktor, 88
Ahgren, E. O., 179
Aldy, Joseph E., 514
Amacher, Gregory S., 317
Amey, Paul, 198
Amin, Ruhul, 585
Amundsen, Erik S., 330
Anderson, Jon G., 348
Anderson, Robert C., 250, 384
Anderson, R. J., 68, 405
Anderson, Terry L., 235
Andronova, N., 437
Anthoff, David, 178
Armstrong, Claire W., 346
Arrow, Kenneth, 61, 70
Asheim, Geir B., 543
Ashenmiller, Bevin, 194
Asquith, Nigel, 258
Atkinson, G., 116
Atkinson, Scott, 413–414
Austin, David, 451
Azar, C., 432
Barbera, Anthony J., 546, 586
Barbier, Edward B., 27, 248, 261, 352, 355, 549, 563
Barboza, David, 335
Barrett, S., 437
Bateman, Ian J., 93, 100
Batie, Sandra S., 281
Bauer, Dana Marie, 77
Baumol, W. J., 393
Beatty, Timothy K. M., 478
Becker, R., 546
Bell, K. P., 261
Bennett, Lynne Lewis, 91, 212, 492
Betson, David M., 573
Bird, Mary Ann, 257
Bishop, Joshua, 317
Bjørndal, Trond, 330
Blackman, Allen, 277, 422, 500
Boardman, Anthony E., 100
Bockstael, N. E., 91
Boerner, Christopher, 196
Bohi, Douglas R., 136
Bohlen, Curtis, 233
Boni, H., 196
Bonjean, Catherine, A., 317
Booker, James, 217
Borenstein, Severin, 166
Boserup, Ester, 575
Bovenberg, A. Lans, 383, 384
Bower, Blair T., 488
Bowes, Michael D., 299, 537
Boyce, J. R., 339, 522
Boyle, Kevin J., 87, 94, 100, 261
Brainard, J. S., 100
Brander, James A., 3
Brill, E.D., Jr., 489
Bromley, Daniel W., 28, 45
Brooks, Nancy, 520
Brouwer, Roy, 506
Brown, Governor Jerry, 220
Brown, T. C., 100
Brubaker, Sterling, 292
Bryan, Norton, 71
Buck, Frank H., 279
Bullard, Robert, 518
Burtraw, Dallas, 179, 415, 416
Bush, David B., 235
Bush, President George W., 154
Bushnell, Jim, 166
Butler, Richard, 386
Button, Kenneth J., 469
Bystrom, Olof, 499
Cameron, Trudy, 95
Campbell, C. J., 140
Cararro, C. E., 437–438
Carlson, Gerald R., 292
Carreck, N. L., 77–78
Carson, Richard T., 57, 82, 84, 89, 99, 101, 503
Caruso, G., 141
Caviglia-Harris, Jill L., 302
Chakraborty, Jayajit, 520
Champ, Patricia A., 100
Chandler, P., 438
Chapman, Duane, 136
Chavez, C., 348
Chen, Donald D. T., 470
Chia, N. C., 463
Chichilnisky, Graciela, 545
Chilton, Kenneth, 196
Chomitz, K. M., 302
Chowdhury, J., 585
Chu, Cindy, 343
Clapp, John M., 93
Clark, Colin W., 136, 325, 345, 354
Claudio, Araujo, 317
Clawson, Marion, 295
Cleveland, C., 141
Coase, Ronald, 39
Cohen, Jeff M., 422
Cohen, Mark A., 99
Colby, Bonnie G., 235
Cole, Matthew, 547
Combes, Jean-Louis, 317
Conrad, Jon M., 136, 330
Cooper, J., 281
Copeland, B. R., 546, 563
Corfee-Morlot, J., 415
Costanza, R., 76, 100, 534
Costello, C., 343
Crandall, Robert W., 457, 469
Criqui, P., 433
Cropper, Maureen, 95
Croson, R., 86
Crosson, Pierre R., 292
Crume, Richard V., 422
Cummings, Ronald G., 9
Daily, Gretchen, 76
Daly, Herman E., 14
Dasgupta, Partha, 367, 542, 580, 588
636 Name Index
De Soysa, Indra, 563
Deacon, R. T., 547, 563
Dean, J., 546
Deaton, Angus, 560
Deffeyes, Kenneth, 140
Demsetz, Harold, 249
Dente, Bruno, 524
Desimone, L. D., 116
D’Estree, Tamra Pearson, 235
Diamond, Peter A., 84
Dietz, Thomas, 45
Dinan, Terry, 203, 451
Dinar, Ariel, 225, 235, 440
Dolsak, Nives, 45
Doukkali, Rachid, 225
Dower, Roger C., 470
Duffy, Rosaleen, 257
Durham, Catherine A., 175
Easter, K. William, 235, 495
Edelstein, D. L., 198
Eheart, J. W., 489
Ehmke, M. D., 84, 87
Ehrlich, Paul, 188
Eichenberger, Reiner, 526
Einstein, Albert, 18, 424
Ellerman, A. Denny, 418
Ellison, Katherine, 76
Emmett, Ross B., 188
Espenshade, T., 573
Espey, M., 230
Espey, J, 230
Evans, David B., 413
Evarts, Dale M., 422
Faeth, P., 285
Farley, Joshua, 14
Farrow, S., 493
Feyrer, James, 570, 588
Fischer, Carolyn, 563
Fisher, A. C., 61, 185
Florax, Raymond J.G.M., 87
Folmer, H., 317, 470
Freeman, A. Myrick III, 71, 90, 487
Frey, Bruno S., 526
Fry, Gene R., 175
Fullerton, D., 14, 200, 203
Gaines, Sanford, 343, 435
Gallagher, K. P., 548
Gallet, Craig A., 547
Gandhi, Indira, 579
Garza-Gill, M. Delores, 502
Gately, Dermot, 36
Geoghegan, J., 91
Gibbon, Edward, 1
Gleick, Peter, 205, 231, 270
Glickman, Theodore S., 55, 64
Goemans, Christopher, 221
Golan, Elise, 275, 277
Goodman, Jordan, 312
Gordon, H. Scott, 329
Goulder, L. H., 383, 384
Grafton, R. G., 327
Greenberg, David H., 100
Greene, David L., 464
Greenstone, M., 546
Grepperud, Sverre, 575
Griffin, Adrian H., 235
Griffin, James M., 179
Griffin, Ronald C., 214
Griffiths, C., 503
Gruenspecht, Howard K.,
457, 469
Gruère, G., 274
Gurnsey, S., 292
Guse, A. Joseph, 493
Gutiérrez, Nicolás L., 331
Guy, D. J., 235
Haagen-Smit, Dr. A. J., 446
Hagen, Daniel A., 81
Hahn, Robert W., 404–406
Haller, Lawrence, 500
Hamilton, James T., 519, 524
Hammitt, James, K., 367
Hanemann, Michael, 89
Hanemann, W. M., 86
Hanna, Brid Gleeson, 520
Hanna, S., 430
Hardin, Garrett, 297
Harrington, Paul, 235
Harrington, Winston, 65, 393, 406, 422,
458, 465, 470
Harrison, David, Jr., 407, 539–540,
545, 548
Hartwick, John, 110, 543
Hascic, Ivan, 233, 493
Hausman, Jerry A., 84, 100
Haveman, Robert, 65
Hawken, Paul, 592
Hayes, D. J., 86
637Name Index
Heal, G. M., 542
Heinzerling, Lisa, 95
Henderson, V., 546
Hendrick, Wolff, 422
Hettige, H., 546
Hicks, Sir John, 554–555
Hilborn, R. W., 331
Hilliard, H. E., 198
Hill, J. E. Nelson, 179
Hipp, John, 522
Holmes, Thomas P., 88
Horowitz, J. K., 86
Howarth, Richard B., 543
Howe, Charles W., 215, 218, 221
Howitt, Richard E., 219
Hsu, Shih-Hsun, 214
Hubbel, Bryan J., 422
Hubbert, M. King, 141
Huffman, Wallace E., 281, 282
Huppert, E. D., 329
Hutson, S. S., 207
Hutton, Guy, 500
Imber, David, 57
Ingram, Helen M., 235
Irwin, Elena G., 241, 261
Israel, Morris, 219
Jaffe, Adam B., 546
Jenkins, Robin R., 203, 537
Jeppesen, T., 167
Jin, D., 338
Johnson, E. L., 489
Johnston, J., 86
Johnston, R. J., 87, 261
Jones, Tom, 415, 460
Joskow, P. L., 166
Kabubo-Mariara, Jane, 575
Kahn, M., 546
Kahneman, D., 86, 560
Kakela, Peter J., 131
Kasturi, Kavya, 491, 493, 497
Kaufman, R., 141
Keeler, Theodore E., 469
Kelley, Allen C., 570,
572, 588
Kennedy, Robert, Jr., 172
Keohane, N. O., 388
Kerry, Senator John, 154
Kete, Nancy, 415
Kibler, Virginia, 491, 493, 497
Kidwell, J., 274
Kinnaman, T. C., 200, 203
Kitous, A., 433
Kliebenstein, J. B., 86
Kneese, Allen V., 486, 488
Knetsch, J., 86
Knittel, Christopher R., 466
Kohl, Wilfrid L., 36
Kopits, Elizabeth, 537
Kopp, Raymond J., 89, 100
Koskela, Erkki A., 317
Krupnick, Alan, 405
Krutilla, John V., 299
Kuperan, K., 348
Kuznets, Simon, 547
Laherrere, J. H., 140
Landell-Mills, Natasha, 317
Laney, Nancy K., 235
Langniss, O., 167
Lave, Lester B., 469
Layard, R., 563
Lei, Zhen, 292
Lerner, Abba, 177
Letson, D., 506
Lewis, Lynne Y., 233
Li, Jia, 466
Libbin, James D., 212
Lindert, Peter, 573
Lino, M., 573
Lipper, L. M., 281
Lipton, Michael, 285
List, J. A., 84, 87, 547
Loaiciga, Hugo A., 230
Loftus, A., 228
Lohof, Andrew Q., 250, 384
Lomborg, Bjørn, 11
Longhurst, Richard, 285
Loomis, John, 62, 81
Lovei, Magdolna, 455
Lovelock, James, 6
Lovett, Andrew A., 100
Lovins, A., 592
Lovins, L. H., 592
Lueck, Dean, 45
Lund, Jay R., 219
Lusk, J. L., 84
Lynham, J., 343
Lyon, R. M., 489
638 Name Index
Macauley, Molly K., 537
MacDonnell, L. J., 235
MacKenzie, James J., 470
Mahanty, Sango, 441
Maher, Michael D., 386
Maler, K. G., 393
Maloney, Michael T., 405
Malthus, Thomas, 2, 564
Mani, M., 546
Manktelow, D., 292
Mansur, E., 416
Markandya, Anil, 563
Martin, William E., 235
Maskin, Eric, 435
May, P., 116
Meier, Gerald M., 292
McCann, Laura, 495
McClintick, D., 188
McConnell, K. E., 86
McConnell, V. E., 250, 546
McConnell, Virginia D., 470
McGartland, A. M., 405
Meadows, Dennis, 14
Meadows, Donella, 14
Mendelsohn, R., 440
Messer, Kent, 524, 525
Metcalf, Gilbert E., 440
Michaels, R. G., 91
Mikesell, Raymond, 63
Miller, C., 529
Miller, Michael D., 212
Miller, N. H., 420
Millock, K., 410
Minteer, Ben A., 71
Miranowski, John A., 292
Mitchell, Robert Cameron, 85, 89, 503
Morgenstern, R. D., 393, 406, 422, 465
Mortimore, M., 575
Motel, Pascale Combes, 317
Motohiro, Adachi, 245
Motta, R. S. D., 116
Mullahy, John, 367
Munasinghe, M., 430
Myers, Norman, 304
Naess, Arne, 76
Natan, T., 529
Naysnerski, Wendy, 502
Nelson, Gerald, 281
Neumayer, Eric, 306, 547, 563
Newburn, David A., 261
Newell, Richard G., 340, 342
Nick, Hanley, 71
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 536
Nielsen, L., 167
Nixon, President Richard, 69
Noll, Roger G., 404–406
Nordhaus, William, 388
Norgaard, Richard B., 543
Norman, C. S., 547, 563
Norton, Gale, 217
Noussair, Charles, 282
Oates, W. E., 393
Obaid, Thoraya Ahmed, 564
Obama, President Barack, 466
Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, 526
Ohlmstead, Sheila M., 507
Ollikainen, Markku, 317
Olmstead, S. M., 491, 499
Olsen, B. S., 83
Omstead, Sheila M., 230
O’Neil, W.B., 489
Opschoor, J. B., 187, 455
O’Ryan, R., 405
Ostrom, Elinor, 28, 45, 354
Oswald-Krapf, H., 196
Pagiola, Stefano, 317
Palmer, Karen L., 537
Palmquist, R. B., 91
Palumbi, S. R., 345
Pareto, Vilfredo, 51
Park, N., 292
Parry, Ian W. H., 383, 460, 465
Parsons, George, 90
Partridge, Mark D., 261
Pastor, Manuel, Jr., 522
Patel, Kanak, 245
Paterson, Robert, 94
Pearce, David W., 506, 563
Perrings, Charles, 116, 534
Perry, Lisa, 422
Pesaran, M., 141
Pezzey, J. C. V., 116, 538, 543, 544, 563
Phang, S. Y., 463
Pimentel, David, 564
Pizer, William, 433
Polasky, S., 179
Pollan, Michael, 278
639Name Index
Porter, Michael, 546
Porter, Richard C., 194, 200, 203
Portney, Paul R., 436, 465
Presser, Stanley, 71
Puller, Steven, 179
Rabe, Barry G., 524
Rachlinski, J. J., 86
Rader, N., 167
Rahman, A., 292
Rajan, S. Irudaya, 583
Randers, Jorgen, 14
Ratnieks, L. W., 77
Rawls, John, 108
Raymond, L., 383
Reagan, President Ronald, 482
Rechtschaffen, C., 531
Reid, R., 68, 405
Reis, Eustaquio J., 317
Reisner, M., 5
Renehan, Stephen, 230
Repetto, Robert, 15, 344, 555
Reschovsky, J. D., 203
Ricardo, David, 24
Ricketts, Taylor H., 48
Roach, F. C., 405
Robinson, L. A., 96
Robin, Stéphane, 282
Rock, M., 393
Roe, Terry, 225
Rosegrant, M. W., 235
Rosenberger, R., 87
Rousso, A. S., 196
Rousu, M., 282
Rubin, J., 261
Ruckelshaus, William, 456
Ruffieux, Bernard, 282
Ruhl, J. B., 250, 251
Russel, Clifford S., 375, 504, 507, 534
Ruud, Paul A., 89
Ryan, Meagan, 196
Sabbaghi, Asghar, 236
Sachs, J. D., 552
Sadd, Jim, 522
Sadik, Dr. Nafis, 584
Safirova, Elena, 462
Salant, S. W., 148
Saliba, Bonnie Colby, 235
Salgado, H., 348
Salzman, James, 250
Samiei, H., 141
Sandel, Michael, 435
Sandler, Todd, 45
Sathirathai, Suthawan, 27
Schaefer, M. D., 321
Scheraga, Joel D., 72
Schlager, Edella, 354
Schlesinger, M., 437
Schmidt, Robert M., 570, 572, 588
Schnellmann, M., 196
Schnieder, S. H., 432
Schultze, Charles L., 486
Schulz, C., 549
Schumacher, E. F., 255
Schwabe, Kurt A., 495–496
Sedjo, R. A., 317
Seskin, Eugene P., 68, 405
Sethi, Rejiv, 520
Sexton, Steven E., 292
Shah, S. P., 196
Sharif, M., 588
Shavell, Steven, 435
Shaw, W. D., 230
Shimshack, Jay P., 478
Shin, Senung Y., 86
Shogren, J. F., 86, 282, 507
Sigman, Hilary, 537
Simon, Julian L., 14, 188, 547, 565, 588
Simpson, David, 537
Sinha-Khetriwal, D., 196
Smith, J. L., 146, 179
Smith, M. D., 346
Smith, V. Kerry, 91, 100
Snyder, L. D., 420
Spash, Clive L., 71
Spergel, Barry, 314
Spofford, W. O., 405
Spulber, Nicholas, 236
Stafford, Sarah, 537
Stavins, Robert N., 14–15, 45, 230, 393,
401, 420, 435, 441
Steinbeck, John, 204
Stern, Nicholas, 63, 441
Stern, Paul, 45
Sterner, T., 384, 393, 406, 410, 422
Stevens, P., 292
Stone, S. E., 203
Stonich, Susan, 45
640 Name Index
Streeten, Paul, 292
Suich, Helen, 441
Sumaila, Ussif Rashid, 346
Summers, Lawrence, 584
Sumner, Daniel A., 279
Sunding, David, 224
Sussman, Francis G., 72
Sutinen, Jon G., 348
Swallow, S. K., 261
Swanson, Timothy M., 352, 355
Tacconi, Luca, 441
Taylor, L. O., 91
Taylor, M. Scott, 546, 563
Taylor, R., 91
Taylor, Robert E., 220
Tegene, A., 282
Teulon, D., 292
Thaler, R., 86
Thomas, T. S., 302
Thompson, G. D., 274
Thorpe, Steven G., 493
Tierney, John, 188
Tietenberg, Thomas H., 9, 71–72, 116, 203, 317,
375, 382, 392, 430, 470, 502, 563
Tiffany, D., 179
Tiffen, M., 575
Tillion, C. V., 336
Tilman, E. D, 179
Tilton, John E., 203
Toman, Michael A., 116, 136, 563
Torrell, L. Allen, 212
Townsend, Ralph E., 355
Tulkens, H., 438
Ulrich, Ernst, 236
Unger, T., 179
VanKooten, G. C., 317
Véron, René, 583
Vincent, James W., 81
Vincent, Jeffrey R., 303, 393, 547
Vining, Aidan R., 100
Viscusi, W. Kip, 96, 98, 100, 514, 519
Von Weizäcker, E. U., 236
Vos, Hans B., 187, 455
Walker, J., 292
Walls, Margaret, 261