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55 Charles Stuart, ‘Lord Shelburne’, in Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Valerie Pearl and

Blair Worden (eds), History and Imagination: Essays in Honour of H.R. Trevor

Roper (London: Duckworth, 1981), pp.243–53; John Cannon, ‘Petty, William,

Second Earl of Shelburne and First Marquess of Lansdowne (1737–1805)’,

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Sept 2004, online edn, Jan 2008

[www.oxforddnb.com]; John Norris, Shelburne and Reform (London: Macmillan,

1963), p.275.

56 Norris, Shelburne and Reform, p.274.

57 Cannon in ODNB; Hague, William Pitt the Younger, pp.153–4; Norris, Shelburne

and Reform, p.275.

58 Norris, Shelburne and Reform, pp.276–7; Cannon in ODNB.

59 Edmund Burke, Reﬂections on the Revolution in France (Harmondsworth: Penguin,

1969), p.93.

60 Stuart, ‘Lord Shelburne’, pp.249–50; Norris, Shelburne and Reform, p.6.

61 Cannon in ODNB; Roger Ellis and Geoffrey Treasure, Britain’s Prime Ministers

(London: Shepheard-Walwyn, 2005), p.65.

Chapter 3

1 Philip Ziegler, Addington (London: Collins, 1965), pp.380–1; James Bieri, Percy

Bysshe Shelley: A Biography: Youth’s Unextinguished Fire 1792–1816 (Newark DE:

University of Delaware Press, 2004), p.256.

2 J.E. Cookson, ‘Addington, Henry, First Viscount Sidmouth (1757–1844)’, Oxford

Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004, online edn,

Jan 2008 [www.oxford dnb.com].

3 Ziegler, Addington, p.178.

4 Ibid., pp.218–19.

5 Ibid., p.227; R.G. Thorne, ‘Henry Addington’, in R.G. Thorne (ed.), The History of

Parliament: The Commons 1790–1820 (London: Secker and Warburg, 1986),

vol. 3, p.45.

6 Ziegler, Addington, p.241.

7 Ibid., pp.241, 248–9.

8 Ibid., p.274.

9 Ibid., p.415.

10 Ibid., pp.417–18.

11 William Hague, William Pitt the Younger (London: HarperCollins, 2004),

pp.582–3.

12 Ibid., p.491.

13 John Ehrman, The Younger Pitt: The Consuming Struggle (London: Constable,

1996), p.81; Hague, William Pitt the Younger, pp.307–8, 343, 576–7; Michael

J. Turner, Pitt the Younger (London: Hambledon and London, 2003), p.272.

14 James Sack, ‘William Wyndham Grenville, First Baron Grenville’, in Robert

Eccleshall and Graham Walker (eds), Biographical Dictionary of British Prime

Ministers (London: Routledge, 1998), pp.100–1.

15 Michael W. McCahill, ‘William, First Lord Grenville’, Parliamentary History,

vol. 22, no. 1, 2003, pp.31, 37–8.

16 Peter Jupp, Lord Grenville (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), pp.409–10.

17 Ibid., pp.413–20.

18 Ibid., pp.430–7.

19 Ibid., pp.437–49.

242 Notes

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20 Ibid., pp.452–9.

21 Ibid., pp.106–16, 294–6, 301, 460–1; The Times, 29 February 2008.

22 Jupp, Lord Grenville, pp.461–3.

23 David Wilkinson, The Duke of Portland: Politics and Party in the Age of George III

(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), pp.29, 163–5; E.A. Smith, ‘The Duke of

Portland’, in Herbert Van Thal (ed.), The Prime Ministers, Volume One, Sir Robert

Walpole to Sir Robert Peel (London: Allen and Unwin, 1974), p.208.

24 Denis Gray, Spencer Perceval: The Evangelical Prime Minister 1962–1812 (Manchester:

Manchester University Press, 1963); David C. Hanrahan, The Assassination of the

Prime Minister: John Bellingham and the Murder of Spencer Perceval (Stroud: Sutton

Publishing, 2008); P.J. Jupp, ‘Perceval, Spencer (1762–1812)’, Oxford Dictionary

of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004, online edn, Jan 2008

[www.oxforddnb.com].

25 Norman Gash, Lord Liverpool (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984),

p.2.

26 Charles Petrie, Lord Liverpool and His Times (London: James Barrie, 1954),

p.278.

27 Gash, Lord Liverpool, pp.192, 226, 228.

28 Ibid., p.227; Norman Gash, ‘Lord Liverpool’, in Herbert Van Thal (ed.), The Prime

Ministers, vol. One, Sir Robert Walpole to Sir Robert Peel (London: Allen and Unwin,

1974), p.296.

29 Louis J. Jennings (ed.), The Croker Papers (London: John Murray, 1884), vol. 1,

p.362.

30 Gash, Lord Liverpool, p.250.

31 Gash, ‘Lord Liverpool’, in Van Thal, pp.296–7; Robert Blake, The Conservative

Party from Peel to Churchill (London: Fontana, 1972), pp.7–8, 37–8, 69.

32 Wendy Hinde, George Canning (London: Collins, 1973); P.J.V. Rolo, George

Canning: Three Biographical Studies (London: Macmillan, 1965); Derek Beales,

‘Canning, George (1770–1827)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford

University Press, Sept 2004, online edn, Jan 2008 [www.oxforddnb.com].

33 Dick Leonard, Nineteenth-Century British Prime Ministers (Basingstoke: Palgrave

Macmillan, 2008), pp.124, 126–7, 129.

34 P.J. Jupp, ‘Robinson, Frederick John, First Viscount Goderich and First Earl of

Ripon (1782–1859)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University

Press, Sept 2004, online edn, Jan 2008 [www.oxford dnb.com]: W.D. Jones,

‘Prosperity’ Robinson: The Life of Viscount Goderich 1782–1859 (London: Macmillan,

1967), pp.205–8.

35 Jupp in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; Leonard, Nineteenth Century

British Prime Ministers, p.131; Jones, ‘Prosperity’ Robinson, pp.211, 213, 274–5;

Roger Ellis and Geoffrey Treasure, Britain’s Prime Ministers (London: Shepheard-

Walwyn, 2005), p.111.

36 Jones, ‘Prosperity’ Robinson, pp.213, 214–15, 228–9; Michael Fry, ‘Viscount

Goderich’, in Robert Eccleshall and Graham Walker (eds), Biographical Dictionary

of British Prime Ministers (London: Routledge, 1998), p.122.

37 The Personal Papers of Lord Rendel (London: Ernest Benn, 1931), p.119; Jones,

‘Prosperity’ Robinson, pp.241–52.

38 Jones, ‘Prosperity’ Robinson, pp.268, 271–2; Naotaka Kimizuka, ‘Elder Statesmen

and British Party Politics: Wellington, Lansdowne and the Ministerial Crises in

the 1850s’, Parliamentary History, vol. 17, no. 3, 1998, p.371.

39 Jones, ‘Prosperity’ Robinson, p.273.

40 The Personal Papers of Lord Rendel, p.92.

Notes 243

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41 Christopher Hibbert, Wellington: A Personal History (London: HarperCollins,

1998), pp.299–304, 326–7; Elizabeth Longford, Wellington: Pillar of State (London:

Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972), p.285; Norman Gash, ‘Wellesley, Arthur, First

Duke of Wellington (1769–1852)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford

University Press, Sept 2004, online edn, Jan 2008 [www.oxforddnb.com].

42 Neville Thompson, Wellington After Waterloo (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul,

1986), p.110; Hibbert, Wellington, p.293.

43 Hibbert, Wellington, p.301; Geoffrey Finlayson, ‘Wellington, the Constitution and

the March of Reform’, in Norman Gash (ed.), Wellington: Studies in the Military and

Political Career of the First Duke of Wellington (Manchester: Manchester University

Press, 1990), pp.201, 204; Longford, Wellington, pp.268–9, 272, 278; Thompson,

Wellington After Waterloo, pp.111–28.

44 Douglas Hurd, Robert Peel: A Biography (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2007),

pp.131, 162–5, 213–14.

45 Lord Rosebery, ‘Sir Robert Peel’, in John Buchan (ed.), Lord Rosebery: Miscellanies

Literary and Historical (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1921), vol. I, p.205; Gash

in ODNB; F.C. Mather, ‘Achilles or Nestor? The Duke of Wellington in British

Politics, 1832–46’, in Norman Gash (ed.), Wellington: Studies in the Military and

Political Career of the First Duke of Wellington (Manchester: Manchester University

Press, 1990), pp.173–6.

46 Lucille Iremonger, Lord Aberdeen (London: Collins, 1978), p.131; Hibbert,

Wellington, p.322; Longford, Wellington, p.307; Thompson, Wellington After

Waterloo, p.154.

47 Longford, Wellington, pp.313, 322–3, 324, 327; Thompson Wellington After

Waterloo, pp.162, 175; Gash in ODNB.

48 Hibbert, Wellington, pp.359, 368, 388; Longford, Wellington, p.331.

49 Mather, ‘Achilles or Nestor?’, pp.179–80; Thompson, Wellington After Waterloo,

pp.200–3, 215–16.

50 Longford, Wellington, pp.360, 365; Finlayson, ‘Wellington, the Constitution and

the March of Reform’, p.209; Thompson, Wellington After Waterloo, p.224.

51 Michael Partridge, ‘Wellington and the Defence of the Realm 1819–52’,

in Norman Gash (ed.), Wellington: Studies in the Military and Political Career

of the First Duke of Wellington (Manchester: Manchester University Press,

1990).

52 Thompson, Wellington After Waterloo, pp.231–2, 256; Longford, Wellington,

p.396.

53 Hibbert, Wellington, pp.382–3.

54 Ibid., p.404.

55 E.A. Smith, Lord Grey 1764–1845 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), p.276.

56 Ibid., pp.287–8, 295, 300–1, 303–6; John W. Derry, Charles, Earl Grey: Aristocratic

Reformer (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), pp.213–14.

57 Grey was the 2nd Earl Grey, having inherited his peerage in 1807. He had been

dismayed to leave the Commons and had he been able to renounce his peerage

back then, he would probably have done so. In 1831 he was made a Knight of

the Garter. On his resignation in 1834 he was offered the Order of the Bath or a

step-up in the peerage to a Marquessate, but declined both. (Smith, Lord Grey,

pp.132, 308.)

58 Smith, Lord Grey, pp.148–50.

59 Ibid., pp.308–9, 310, 315–17, 319.

60 Ibid., pp.309, 312, 315–16, 318, 320.

61 Ibid., p.321.

244 Notes

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62 Philip Ziegler, Melbourne (London: Collins, 1976), p.120; David Cecil, Melbourne

(London: Constable, 1965), p.211; L.G. Mitchell, Lord Melbourne 1779–1848

(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p.161.

63 Ziegler, Melbourne, p.351; Cecil, Melbourne, p.517; Mitchell, Lord Melbourne,

pp.252–3.

64 Eric Evans, ‘Lord Melbourne’, in Robert Eccleshall and Graham Walker

(eds), Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers (London: Routledge, 1998),

p.139.

65 Mitchell, Lord Melbourne, pp.245–9; Ziegler, Melbourne, pp.343–9, 355–6.

66 Ziegler, Melbourne, pp.353–5, 357; Mitchell, Lord Melbourne, pp.248, 260–4.

67 Cecil, Melbourne, p.528; Zielger, Melbourne, pp.341–2, 350–2; Mitchell, Melbourne,

p.264.

68 Ziegler, Melbourne, pp.358–9, 362; Mitchell, Lord Melbourne, pp.263–8.

69 Ziegler, Melbourne, pp.360–1; Mitchell, Lord Melbourne, pp.255–8.

70 Mitchell, Lord Melbourne, p.34.

Chapter 4

1 C.S. Parker (ed.), Sir Robert Peel from His Private Papers (London: John Murray,

1899), vol. 3, pp.472–6.

2 Ibid., p.459; Elizabeth Lee, Wives of the Prime Ministers 1844–1906 (London:

Nisbet and Co., 1918), p.53; Norman Gash, Sir Robert Peel: The Life of Sir Robert

Peel after 1830 (London: Longman, 1972), pp.163–7, 662–4, 676, 678–82, 686–7.

3 A.A.W. Ramsay, Sir Robert Peel (London: Constable, 1928), p.353; Robert Blake,

The Conservative Party from Peel to Churchill (London: Fontana/Collins, 1972),

p.69.

4 Norman Gash, Aristocracy and People: Britain 1815–1865 (Cambridge, Mass.:

Harvard University Press, 1979), p.243.

5 Gash, Sir Robert Peel, pp.670–6, 683–6.

6 Donald Read, Peel and the Victorians (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987), pp.252–4; Ramsay,

Sir Robert Peel, p.353.

7 Ramsay, Sir Robert Peel, p.352; Gash, Sir Robert Peel, pp.595–6, 634.

8 Gash, Sir Robert Peel, pp.623–4, 627–30, 632, 640–3.

9 Gash, Sir Robert Peel, pp.631, 635, 649–51; Gash, Aristocracy and People, p.243;

Read, Peel and the Victorians, pp.263–4.

10 Gash, Sir Robert Peel, p.633; Boyd Hilton, ‘Robert Peel’, in Robert Eccleshall and

Graham Walker (eds), Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers (London:

Routledge, 1998), p.150; Parker, Peel from His Private Papers, vol. 3, p.534.

11 Read, Peel and the Victorians, p.266.

12 Gash, Sir Robert Peel, p.719.

13 Boyd Hilton, ‘Peel: A Reappraisal’, The Historical Journal, vol. 22, no. 3, 1979,

p.614.

14 Lord Stanmore, The Earl of Aberdeen (London: Dent, 1905), pp.267–8.

15 Muriel E. Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen: A Political Biography (London: Longman,

1983), pp.512, 520, 524–6.

16 Lucille Iremonger, Lord Aberdeen (London: Collins, 1978), pp.304, 308; Stanmore,

The Earl of Aberdeen, pp.289–90.

17 Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen, pp.518, 520–2; Iremonger, Lord Aberdeen, pp.308,

317, 320, 322.

18 Asa Briggs, Victorian People (Harmondworth: Penguin, 1965), p.89.

Notes 245

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19 Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen, pp.518–19, 522–3, 526.

20 Iremonger, Lord Aberdeen, pp.318–19; Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen, pp.523–4;

Stanmore, The Earl of Aberdeen, pp.296–8, 301; Roy Jenkins, Gladstone (London:

Macmillan, 1995), p.42.

21 Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen, pp.1–2, 518.

22 Ibid., pp.517, 527–8.

23 Jasper Ridley, Lord Palmerston (London: Constable, 1970), p.578; David Southgate,

The Most English Minister:The Policies and Politics of Palmerston (London: Macmillan,

1966), p.536.

24 Paul Ziegler, Palmerston (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2003), p.128; Southgate,

The Most English Minister, pp.540–1.

25 Susan Normington, Lady Caroline Lamb (London: House of Stratus, 2001), p.272.

26 John, Earl Russell, Recollections and Suggestions 1813–1873 (London: Longman,

Green and Co., 1875), p.221.

27 Jonathan Parry, ‘Lord John Russell’, in Robert Eccleshall and Graham Walker

(eds), Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers (London: Routledge, 1998),

p.155; Paul Scherer, Lord John Russell: A Biography (Selinsgrove: Susquehanna

University Press, 1999), pp.137–8.

28 J.P. Parry, ‘Past and Future in the Later Career of Lord John Russell’, in

T.C.W. Blanning and David Cannadine (eds), History and Biography: Essays in

Honour of Derek Beales (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

29 John Prest, Lord John Russell (London: Macmillan, 1972), pp.349–50.

30 Ibid., p.372.

31 Norman Gash, Aristocracy and People: Britain 1815–1865 (Cambridge, Mass.:

Harvard University Press, 1979), pp.271–2.

32 Scherer, Lord John Russell, pp.331–4; Prest, Lord John Russell, pp.415–18;

G.P. Gooch (ed.), The Later Correspondence of Lord John Russell 1840–1878 (London:

Longmans, Green and Co., 1925), vol. 2, p.360.

33 Scherer, Lord John Russell, pp.334–5; Prest, Lord John Russell, pp.418–19; Russell,

Recollections and Suggestions, pp.294, 406, 420; Stuart J. Reid, Lord John Russell

(London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1895), pp.338, 342–4.

34 Prest, Lord John Russell, p.419.

35 Scherer, Lord John Russell, p.154; Bertrand Russell, Portraits from Memory and Other

Essays (London: Allen and Unwin, 1956), p.110; The Autobiography of Bertrand

Russell vol. 1 1872–1914 (London: Allen and Unwin, 1967), pp.19–20.

36 Prest, Lord John Russell, p.420; Scherer, Lord John Russell, p.336.

37 Angus Hawkins, The Forgotten Prime Minister: The 14

Earl of Derby, Volume II:

Achievement: 1851–1869 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), p.409.

38 Ibid., pp.190, 261–3, 329, 344, 361, 363–4, 392; W.D. Jones, Lord Derby and

Victorian Conservatism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1956), pp.270–1.

39 Hawkins, The Forgotten Prime Minister, pp.364–5; Jones, Lord Derby, p.335; Robert

Blake, Disraeli (London: Methuen 1966), pp.485–6.

40 Jones, Lord Derby, pp.336–7; Blake, Disraeli, pp.486, 489–90, 494; Hawkins,

The Forgotten Prime Minister, pp.366, 367.

41 Hawkins, The Forgotten Prime Minister, pp.376–7.

42 Jones, Lord Derby, pp.338–9.

43 Jones, Lord Derby, pp.337, 345–9; Hawkins, The Forgotten Prime Minister,

pp.378–84.

44 Jones, Lord Derby, pp.350–1; Hawkins, The Forgotten Prime Minister, pp.384–6.

45 W.F. Monypenny and G.E. Buckle, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsﬁeld

(London: John Murray, 1920), vol. 6, pp.523, 540.

246 Notes

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46 John Vincent, Disraeli (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp.13, 56; Robert

Blake, Disraeli (London: Methuen, 1966), pp.521, 565–6.

47 Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli, vol. 6, pp.530–1; Blake, Disraeli, p.649; Theo

Aronson, Victoria and Disraeli (London: Cassell, 1977), p.184.

48 Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli, vol. 6, pp.528, 534, 538, 541–2; Aronson,

Victoria and Disraeli, pp.183, 185; Jonathan Parry, Benjamin Disraeli (Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 2007), p.88; Blake, Disraeli, pp.717, 723–4, 730.

49 Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli, vol. 6, pp.577–8; Marquis of Zetland (ed.),

The Letters of Disraeli to Lady Bradford and Lady Chesterﬁeld (London: Ernest Benn,

1929), vol. 2, pp.271, 272, 281.

50 W.F. Monypenny and G.E. Buckle, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsﬁeld

(London: John Murray, 1920), vol. 5, pp.169–70; Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli,

vol. 6, pp.557, 568, 573; William Kuhn, The Politics of Pleasure: A Portrait of

Benjamin Disraeli (London: The Free Press, 2006), pp.5, 336, 345; Richard Aldous,

The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone vs. Disraeli (London: Hutchinson, 2006),

pp.311–12; The Bradenham Edition of the Novels and Tales of Benjamin Disraeli,

Vol. XII, Endymion and Falconet (London: Peter Davies, 1927).

51 Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli, vol. 6, pp.524, 578, 593–5; Andrew Roberts,

Salisbury: Victorian Titan (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1999), p.244; Blake,

Disraeli, pp.729–30, 731, 732.

52 Blake, Disraeli, pp.726–9; Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli, vol. 6, p.593;

Edgar Feuchtwanger, Disraeli (London: Arnold, 2000), p.208; Paul Smith, Disraeli

(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp.208–9.

53 Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli, vol. 6, pp.598, 604; Blake, Disraeli, p.747.

54 John Vincent, ‘Benjamin Disraeli’, in Herbert Van Thal (ed.), The Prime Ministers:

Volume 2, Lord John Russell to Edward Heath (London: Allen and Unwin, 1975),

p.106; Blake, Disraeli, pp.250–1, 253, 421–4, 754.

55 Philip Magnus, Gladstone (London: John Murray, 1954), p.229; Roy Jenkins,

Gladstone (London: Macmillan, 1995), p.445.

56 Jenkins, Gladstone, p.372; Magnus, Gladstone, p.124; W.F. Monypenny and

G.E. Buckle, The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsﬁeld (London: John

Murray, 1920), vol. 6, p.583; Earl of Oxford and Asquith, Memories and Reﬂections

1852–1927 (London: Cassell, 1928), vol. I, p.245.

57 Richard Shannon, Gladstone: Heroic Minister 1865–1898 (London: Penguin,

1999), pp.510, 557; H.C.G. Matthew, ‘Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)’,

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004, online

edn, May 2008 [www.oxforddnb.com]; Travis L. Crosby, The Two Mr Gladstones

(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), pp.216–17; Jenkins, Gladstone, pp.585,

586, 591–3.

58 Shannon, Gladstone, pp.550, 556, 559, 562, 567.

59 Jenkins, Gladstone, pp.197, 306, 380, 516, 618; H.C.G. Matthew, Gladstone

1875–1898 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p.356.

60 Jenkins, Gladstone, pp.435, 459, 468, 623; Shannon, Gladstone, pp.562,

565–6, 585–6; Matthew, Gladstone 1875–1898, pp.357–8; Magnus, Gladstone,

pp.422–4.

61 J.B. Conacher, ‘A Visit to the Gladstones in 1894’, Victorian Studies, vol. 2, no. 2,

1958, p.159; Shannon, Gladstone, pp.567–8; The Personal Papers of Lord Rendel

(London: Ernest Benn, 1931), pp.135–6.

62 Shannon, Gladstone, pp.569, 574.

63 E.J. Feuchtwanger, Gladstone (London: Allen Lane, 1975), p.272; Conacher, ‘A

Visit to the Gladstones’, p.159; Asa Briggs (ed.), Gladstone’s Boswell: Late Victorian

Notes 247

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Conversations by Lionel A. Tollemache (Brighton: Harvester Press 1984), p.100;

Shannon, Gladstone, p.569; The Personal Papers of Lord Rendel, p.132.

64 Briggs (ed.), Late Victorian Conversations, pp.166–7; The Personal Papers of

Lord Rendel, pp.115, 131, 148, 155–6; Shannon, Gladstone, p.574.

65 Feuchtwanger, Gladstone, p.273; Conacher, ‘A Visit to the Gladstones’, p.160;

Magnus, Gladstone, pp.430–1.

66 Jenkins, Gladstone, pp.623–5; Matthew, Gladstone 1875–1898, pp.369–73; Shannon,

Gladstone, p.571.

67 Matthew, Gladstone 1875–1898, pp.374–5; Jenkins, Gladstone, pp.625–6.

68 Jenkins, Gladstone, pp.630–1; Shannon, Gladstone, p.589.

69 Leo McKinstry, Rosebery: Statesman in Turmoil (London: John Murray, 2005),

pp.348–68.

70 Robert Rhodes James, Rosebery (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1963),

pp.384–6; McKinstry, Rosebery, pp.380, 389, 509.

71 Rhodes James, Rosebery, pp.386, 392, 402; H.C.G. Matthew, The Liberal Imperialists

(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), pp.23–4.

72 Rhodes James, Rosebery, pp.402, 405, 408–9; McKinstry, Rosebery, pp.412–13.

73 http://www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org.uk/Rosebery.html; The Marquess

of Crewe, Lord Rosebery (London: John Murray, 1931), vol. 2, p.617.

74 McKinstry, Rosebery, p.415; Matthew, The Liberal Imperialists, p.70.

75 G.R. Searle, Country Before Party: Coalition and the Idea of National Government

in Modern Britain 1885–1987 (Harlow: Longman, 1995), pp.58–63, 269; Matthew,

The Liberal Imperialists, pp.11, 146–8; John Wilson, CB: A Life of Sir Henry Campbell-

Bannerman (London: Constable, 1973), pp.371, 387–8.

76 Wilson, CB, pp.374, 376, 378, 385, 392, 393, 424, 433; Matthew, The Liberal

Imperialists, p.88; McKinstry, Rosebery, p.415.

77 Matthew, The Liberal Imperialists, pp.97, 110, 111; McKinstry, Rosebery, p.460;

Wilson, CB, pp.345–6.

78 Matthew, The Liberal Imperialists, pp.111–12; Rhodes James, Rosebery, p.454;

Wilson, CB, pp.434–7; McKinstry, Rosebery, pp.469, 473; David W. Gutzke,

‘Rosebery and Campbell-Bannerman: The Conﬂict over Leadership Reconsidered’,

Historical Research, vol. 54, issue 130, 1981, pp.241–50.

79 Wilson, CB, p.419; Rhodes James, Rosebery, p.486.

80 Rhodes James, Rosebery, pp.465, 469–70; McKinstry, Rosebery, pp.508–9, 513.

81 McKinstry, Rosebery, pp.504, 508–9, 514–15; Rhodes James, Rosebery, p.474.

Chapter 5

1 Andrew Roberts, Salisbury: Victorian Titan (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson,

1999), p.769.

2 Ibid., pp.757, 829.

3 Paul Smith, ‘Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne – Third Marquess of Salisbury

(1830–1903)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press,

Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008.

4 Roberts, Salisbury, pp.814–15, 823–4, 829; Dick Leonard, A Century of Premiers:

Salisbury to Blair (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp.21–2.

5 A.L. Kennedy, Salisbury 1830–1903: Portrait of a Statesman (London: John Murray,

1953), p.237; Roberts, Salisbury, pp.206, 374, 440–1, 826.

6 Roberts, Salisbury, p.829; Kennedy, Salisbury, p.344.

7 Kennedy, Salisbury, pp.344–5; Roberts, Salisbury, pp.830–1, 847.

248 Notes

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8 Roberts, Salisbury, p.819.

9 Ibid., p.829.

10 Ibid., pp.824, 828–31.

11 Blanche E.C. Dugdale, Arthur James Balfour, First Earl of Balfour (London:

Hutchinson, 1936), vol. 2, pp.13–14; R.J.Q. Adams, Balfour: The Last Grandee

(London: John Murray, 2007), p.228.

12 Adams, Balfour, pp.231–2.

13 Ibid., p.230.

14 Max Egremont, Balfour (London: Collins, 1980), p.213; Adams, Balfour, pp.233,

235.

15 Adams, Balfour, pp.253, 255, 256.

16 Dugdale, Balfour, p.19; Jane Ridley and Clayre Percy (eds), The Letters of

Arthur Balfour and Lady Elcho 1885–1917 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992),

pp.x–xi.

17 Egremont, Balfour, p.259; Adams, Balfour, p.286.

18 Adams, Balfour, p.283.

19 Ibid., p.286.

20 Piers Brendon, Eminent Edwardians (London: Secker & Warburg, 1979),

pp.111–12.

21 Ewen Green, Balfour (London: Haus Publishing, 2006), p.91.

22 Egremont, Balfour, p.271.

23 Adams, Balfour, pp.319–20, 322.

24 Winston S. Churchill, Great Contemporaries, cited in: Ruddock F. Mackay, Balfour:

Intellectual Statesman (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), p.303.

25 Lord Riddell, More Pages From My Diary 1908–1914 (London: Country Life, 1934),

pp.101–2; Sydney H. Zebel, Balfour: A Political Biography (Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 1973), p.230; Adams, Balfour, pp.340–1; Dugdale, Balfour,

pp.241–2.

26 Dugdale, Balfour, p.235.

27 Egremont, Balfour, p.305; Zebel, Balfour, pp.255, 258; Margaret MacMillan,

Peacemakers: The Paris Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War (London:

John Murray, 2001), p.157.

28 Mackay, Balfour, p.339.

29 Dugdale, Balfour, p.358; Egremont, Balfour, p.320.

30 Mackay, Balfour, pp.332–3.

31 Egremont, Balfour, pp.323–4.

32 Adams, Balfour, p.364.

33 Egremont, Balfour, p.329; Adams, Balfour, pp.367–8; Zebel, Balfour, p.285;

Dugdale, Balfour, p.403.

34 Mackay, Balfour, p.349.

35 Zebel, Balfour, p.288; Adams, Balfour, pp.371–3.

36 Egremont, Balfour, p.312.

37 Adams, Balfour, p.374.

38 Dugdale, Balfour, p.391.

39 Mackay, Balfour, p.354.

40 Dick Leonard, A Century of Premiers: Salisbury to Blair (London: Palgrave

Macmillan 2005), p.52.

41 Roy Hattersley, Campbell-Bannerman (London: Haus Publishing, 2006); Jose

F. Harris and Cameron Hazlehurst, ‘Campbell-Bannerman’, in John P. Mackintosh

(ed.), British Prime Ministers in the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 Balfour to Chamberlain

(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977), pp.43–77.

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42 J.A. Spender, The Life of the Right Hon. Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman GCB (London:

Hodder and Stoughton, 1923), vol. 2, pp.287–97; John Wilson, CB: A Life of

Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (London: Constable, 1973), pp.515–21.

43 Spender, Campbell-Bannerman, p.381.

44 Stephen Koss, Asquith (London: Allen Lane, 1976), p.214.

45 Roy Jenkins, Asquith (London: Collins, 1978), pp.405–63.

46 Koss, Asquith, p.235.

47 H.C.G. Matthew, ‘Asquith, Herbert Henry, First Earl of Oxford and Asquith

(1852–1928)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press,

Sept 2004, online edition, Jan 2008 [www.oxforddnb.com]; Colin Clifford,

The Asquiths (London: John Murray, 2002), pp.386–7; Daphne Bennett, Margot:

A Life of the Countess of Oxford and Asquith (London: Victor Gollancz, 1984),

pp.289, 295, 311.

48 Jenkins, Asquith, pp.458, 464–5, 467.

49 Koss, Asquith, pp.230, 234; Jenkins, Asquith, pp.466–7, 476–7; Clifford, The Asquiths,

p.408.

50 Koss, Asquith, p.241; Jenkins, Asquith, p.481.

51 Koss, Asquith, p.246; Herbert Asquith, Moments of Memory (London: Hutchinson,

1937), pp.358–61.

52 Matthew, ‘Asquith’, Oxford DNB; Koss, Asquith, pp.244, 249–55; Graham Stewart,

Friendship & Betrayal: Ambition and the Limits of Loyalty (London: Weidenfeld and

Nicolson, 2007), pp.336–7.

53 Stewart, Friendship & Betrayal, p.338.

54 Jenkins, Asquith, p.517.

55 Select Committee on the Remuneration of Ministers, HC 241 (1920), questions

145, 169–70, 193–202; Bennett, Margot, p.347.

56 Jenkins, Asquith, pp.257, 509.

57 Roy Jenkins, Gallery of 20

Century Portraits (Newton Abbot: David & Charles,

1988), p.195.

Chapter 6

1 The ﬁlm, ‘End of an Era for the “Welsh Wizard”’, can be seen on YouTube at:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYeLTdW2b4c

2 Kenneth O. Morgan, Lloyd George (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1974), p.155.

3 Fﬁon Hague, The Pain and the Privilege: The Women Who Loved Lloyd George

(London: Harper Perennial, 2009), p.404; John Campbell, If Love Were All … The

Story of Frances Stevenson and David Lloyd George (London: Vintage Books, 2007),

pp.222, 243, 245; George W. Egerton, ‘The Lloyd George War Memoirs: A Study in

the Politics of Memory’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 60, March 1988, pp.59–61.

4 John Campbell, Lloyd George: The Goat in the Wilderness 1922–1931 (London:

Cape, 1977), pp.29–30.

5 Richard Toye, Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness (London:

Macmillan, 2007), p.100; Colin Cross (ed.), Life With Lloyd George: The Diary of

A.J. Sylvester 1931–45 (London: Macmillan, 1975), pp.16–17.

6 Campbell, If Love Were All, p.287; Malcolm Thomson, Lloyd George (London:

Hutchinson, 1950), pp.430–1; Cross (ed.), Life With Lloyd George, p.182.

7 Morgan, Lloyd George, pp.178, 207–8; Peter Rowland, Lloyd George (London:

Barrie and Jenkins, 1975), pp.593, 633; Egerton, ‘The Lloyd George War Memoirs’,

pp.61, 79; Cross (ed.), Life With Lloyd George, p.313.

250 Notes

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8 Rowland, Lloyd George, p.658.

9 Rowland, Lloyd George, p.591; Morgan, Lloyd George, p.181.

10 Campbell, Lloyd George: The Goat in the Wilderness, pp.9, 177; Charles Loch

Mowat, Lloyd George (London: Oxford University Press, 1964), p.55.

11 Rowland, Lloyd George, p.609; Campbell, Lloyd George: The Goat in the Wilderness,

p.156.

12 Campbell, Lloyd George: The Goat in the Wilderness, p.99; Rowland, Lloyd George,

p.645.

13 Campbell, Lloyd George: The Goat in the Wilderness, p.205.

14 Rowland, Lloyd George, pp.688, 691.

15 Chris Wrigley, Lloyd George (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), p.133.

16 Campbell, Lloyd George: The Goat in the Wilderness, p.297; Cross (ed.), Life With

Lloyd George, p.70; Rowland, Lloyd George, p.701; Campbell, If Love Were All,

pp.425–6.

17 Egerton, ‘The Lloyd George War Memoirs’; Rowland, Lloyd George, pp.700, 746;

Thomson, Lloyd George, pp.412–13, 437; Keith Grieves, ‘David Lloyd George’,

in Robert Eccleshall and Graham Walker (eds), Biographical Dictionary of British

Prime Ministers (London: Routledge, 1998), p.260; Kenneth O. Morgan, ‘David

Lloyd George, First Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor (1863–1945)’, Oxford Dictionary

of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004, online edn, Oct 2008

[www.oxforddnb.com]; Cross (ed.), Life With Lloyd George, p.168.

18 Cross (ed.), Life With Lloyd George, p.118; Campbell, If Love Were All, p.439.

19 Campbell, If Love Were All, p.436; Thomson, Lloyd George, p.37; Cross (ed.), Life

With Lloyd George, pp.201, 254; Paul Addison, ‘Lloyd George and Compromise

Peace in the Second World War’, in A.J.P. Taylor (ed.), Lloyd George: Twelve Essays

(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1971), p.362.

20 Cross (ed.), Life With Lloyd George, p.238; Addison, ‘Lloyd George and Compromise

Peace in the Second World War’, pp.362, 381; Thomson, Lloyd George, p.449.

21 Addison, ‘Lloyd George and Compromise Peace in the Second World War’,

pp.372, 374; Morgan, Lloyd George, p.191; Rowland, Lloyd George, pp.772, 776,

781; Cross (ed.), Life With Lloyd George, p.281.

22 Cross (ed.), Life With Lloyd George, pp.158, 301, 315, 333; Hague, The Pain and

the Privilege, pp.533–4.

23 Robert Blake, The Unknown Prime Minister: The Life and Times of Andrew Bonar Law

1858–1923 (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1955); R.J.Q. Adams, Bonar Law (London:

John Murray, 1999); Andrew Taylor, Bonar Law (London: Haus Publishing, 2006).

24 Trevor Lloyd, ‘James Ramsay MacDonald’, in John P. Mackintosh (ed.), British

Prime Ministers in the Twentieth Century, vol. 1, Balfour to Chamberlain (London:

Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977), p.156.

25 Dick Leonard, A Century of Premiers: Salisbury to Blair (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2005),

pp.141–2.

26 Keith Middlemas and John Barnes, Baldwin (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson,

1969), p.803.

27 Roy Jenkins, Baldwin (London: Collins, 1987), p.135; Kevin Morgan, Ramsay

MacDonald (London: Haus Publishing, 2006), p.81; David Marquand, Ramsay

MacDonald (London: Cape, 1977), pp.693–700, 762, 772.

28 Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald, pp.767–8, 775, 777.

29 Ibid., pp.778–82.

30 Ibid., pp.783–8.

31 Ibid., pp.398, 775; James Margach, The Abuse of Power (London: W.H. Allen, 1978),

pp.48–9.

Notes 251

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