The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011. World Economic Forum Geneva
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143
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................85
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................52
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................70
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................88
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............
14
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................88
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................134
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................76
1.09 GATS commitments* .....................................................115
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................47
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................39
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................24
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................131
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................96
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................120
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ..................................133
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................23
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................36
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................18
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................52
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................86
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................66
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................
39
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................72
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................79
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................132
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................61
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*......................125
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ....123
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................60
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................103
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................87
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................
11
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................18
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ........................................129
6.07 International air transport network ..................................64
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................33
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure ......................................n/a
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................58
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................118
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................
49
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................43
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*......................112
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................83
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................59
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................
14
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................67
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................66
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................57
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.......................................5
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................59
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................
15
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................11
10.05 Hotel price index*............................................................n/a
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................74
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................
34
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................31
11.04 Local availability of research and training services.........115
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................60
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................
37
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................98
11.08 HIV prevalence*..................................................................
1
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................77
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................
38
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................44
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................99
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................114
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*.................................................................
9
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................20
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................62
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*......................122
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................
31
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...............104
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................128
Brunei Darussalam
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
144
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Bulgaria
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................7.6
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................111.0
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................47.1
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................11,883.4
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–5.0
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................65
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,567...................3.1 ....................3.3
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................86...................2.7 ..................–2.8
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,951.................11.9 ....................4.4
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................324.................10.2 ..................–1.8
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................5,738.9
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........3,727.8
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................48 4.4
2009 Index............................................................................................................50 4.3
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................54 4.8
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................94 4.1
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................99 4.2
Safety and security .........................................................................................81 4.6
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................10 6.7
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................71 4.5
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................44 4.3
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................89 2.7
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................90 3.2
Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................6 6.8
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................43 4.1
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................46 4.8
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................51 4.0
Human resources ............................................................................................71 4.9
Education and training.............................................................................78 4.5
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................42 5.2
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................51 4.8
Natural resources ...........................................................................................78 3.0
Cultural resources...........................................................................................37 3.5
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
145
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................102
1.02 Property rights ................................................................121
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ....................................126
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................
42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ............102
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................130
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................71
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................
19
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................85
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation..........................125
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ......................118
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................123
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................92
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................99
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................58
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
16
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................92
3.02 Reliability of police services............................................111
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence............................103
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................
45
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................17
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................21
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry ...............108
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................70
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................110
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................
15
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ........6
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................90
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................69
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................81
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................74
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................83
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................
47
6.07 International air transport network ..................................95
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..............................................................135
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................54
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................87
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................79
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................61
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................13
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................22
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................39
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................48
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................
43
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................43
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................16
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................30
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................33
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................83
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................93
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................
24
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................51
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................66
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................85
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........80
11.05 Extent of staff training....................................................135
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................
42
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................72
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................
20
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................71
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................64
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................17
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................122
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................116
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................24
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................72
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.................................117
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................82
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................25
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................19
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................57
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................55
Bulgaria
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
146
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Burkina Faso
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................15.8
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................274.0
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .................................................8.1
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................1,302.6
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................3.2
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................128
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................85...................0.9 ....................5.4
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................31...................0.7 ....................2.5
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................250...................2.7 ....................6.2
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................92...................2.2 ....................3.4
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009...................269.2
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2008 .............62.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................132 3.1
2009 Index..........................................................................................................126 3.1
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................117 3.7
Policy rules and regulations........................................................................104 3.8
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................80 4.4
Safety and security .........................................................................................93 4.4
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................127 2.0
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................104 4.0
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................135 2.5
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................135 1.8
Ground transport infrastructure..................................................................110 2.9
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................120 1.9
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................134 1.7
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................112 4.1
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................132 3.0
Human resources ..........................................................................................133 3.4
Education and training...........................................................................139 2.5
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................122 4.4
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................77 4.5
Natural resources ...........................................................................................91 2.7
Cultural resources.........................................................................................128 1.3
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
147
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................101
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................78
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................68
1.04 Visa requirements*.........................................................117
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ............131
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................86
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................57
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...............................................117
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................52
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation..........................104
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................97
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................52
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ................................................
8
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .................................119
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................
22
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................94
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................52
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................85
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................63
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ..................................................112
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .........................................................126
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ....................................131
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .............................112
4.04 Hospital beds* ...............................................................112
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................38
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................110
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................
45
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*......................101
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ....109
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .............................131
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................92
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ........................124
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* .................................118
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................127
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ........................................120
6.07 International air transport network ................................126
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..............................................................122
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................92
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................80
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................113
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................65
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ..................................................................129
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................95
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...........................................128
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .....................................120
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................135
9.03 Telephone lines*.............................................................126
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* ...................................116
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ......................................133
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................130
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................
23
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................86
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................108
10.05 Hotel price index*............................................................n/a
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.......................................134
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ..................................138
11.03 Quality of the educational system..................................129
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........91
11.05 Extent of staff training....................................................134
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................55
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................
42
11.08 HIV prevalence*..............................................................110
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.........................................113
11.10 Life expectancy*.............................................................129
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................126
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................
16
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................55
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................
44
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.................................130
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................61
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*......................104
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................110
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................87
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................114
Burkina Faso
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
148
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Burundi
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................8.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................27.8
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .................................................1.3
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ................................399.7
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................3.5
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................140
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................23...................1.8 ....................2.9
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................24...................1.4 ..................–0.9
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................50...................3.8 ....................3.7
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................53...................3.0 ..................–0.2
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2006...................201.2
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...............1.5
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................137 2.8
2009 Index..........................................................................................................131 3.0
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................137 3.1
Policy rules and regulations........................................................................133 3.1
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................91 4.2
Safety and security .......................................................................................132 3.4
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................120 2.2
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................138 2.5
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................134 2.5
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................129 2.1
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................84 3.2
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................134 1.3
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................137 1.6
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................78 4.5
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................135 2.8
Human resources ..........................................................................................131 3.6
Education and training...........................................................................130 3.1
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................127 4.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................103 4.3
Natural resources .........................................................................................118 2.3
Cultural resources.........................................................................................138 1.0
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
50
100
150
200
250
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
149
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................138
1.02 Property rights ................................................................127
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ....................................117
1.04 Visa requirements*.........................................................136
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ............117
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................134
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................102
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...............................................130
1.09 GATS commitments* .........................................................
3
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation..........................136
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ......................136
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................135
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ................................................
1
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................50
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................48
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ..................................117
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................130
3.02 Reliability of police services............................................135
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence............................129
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................93
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .........................................................133
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ....................................111
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .............................116
4.04 Hospital beds* ...............................................................120
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry ...............126
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................131
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................135
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*......................130
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ....123
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .............................121
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................103
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ........................136
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ..................................n/a
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................131
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ........................................131
6.07 International air transport network ................................120
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..............................................................120
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure ......................................n/a
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ..........................................120
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................78
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................57
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ..................................................................139
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*......................125
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...........................................138
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .....................................131
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................131
9.03 Telephone lines*.............................................................135
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* ...................................137
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ......................................138
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................58
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................
18
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................127
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................111
10.05 Hotel price index*............................................................n/a
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................13
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ..................................137
11.03 Quality of the educational system..................................134
11.04 Local availability of research and training services.........138
11.05 Extent of staff training....................................................133
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................86
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................83
11.08 HIV prevalence*..............................................................123
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.........................................129
11.10 Life expectancy*.............................................................131
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................69
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................111
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................106
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................99
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.................................137
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................
47
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*......................122
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................126
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...............132
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................127
Burundi
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
150
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Cambodia
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................14.8
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................181.0
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................10.9
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................1,993.1
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–2.0
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................148
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,033...................8.9 ....................4.8
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................509...................6.8 ....................1.4
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,136.................18.4 ....................5.1
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,069.................14.3 ....................1.5
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................2,045.7
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........1,184.6
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................109 3.4
2009 Index..........................................................................................................108 3.4
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................110 3.9
Policy rules and regulations........................................................................132 3.4
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................82 4.3
Safety and security .........................................................................................79 4.6
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................133 1.5
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................13 5.8
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................118 2.7
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................113 2.3
Ground transport infrastructure..................................................................103 3.0
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................131 1.4
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................123 1.9
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................31 5.1
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................81 3.7
Human resources ..........................................................................................109 4.3
Education and training...........................................................................118 3.7
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................89 4.9
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................21 5.3
Natural resources ...........................................................................................53 3.5
Cultural resources.........................................................................................111 1.6
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
151
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................91
1.02 Property rights ................................................................110
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................
37
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................15
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............89
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................125
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................132
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...............................................129
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
39
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation..........................106
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................96
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................60
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................
18
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................88
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................116
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................94
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................107
3.02 Reliability of police services............................................115
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................95
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................
33
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .........................................................113
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ....................................121
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .............................124
4.04 Hospital beds* ...............................................................137
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................34
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................10
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................52
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................58
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......
12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................83
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................71
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................93
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* .................................112
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................125
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................86
6.07 International air transport network ..................................96
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................73
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................99
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................82
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................109
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................80
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................80
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*......................133
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...........................................115
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................88
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................137
9.03 Telephone lines*.............................................................136
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* ...................................107
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ......................................121
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................62
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...................................................
3
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................61
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................55
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................
47
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.......................................103
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ..................................120
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................82
11.04 Local availability of research and training services.........111
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................92
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................
45
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................40
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................88
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.........................................114
11.10 Life expectancy*.............................................................111
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................16
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................65
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................70
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................
19
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................85
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................
50
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................62
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................122
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................99
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................100
Cambodia
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
152
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Cameroon
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................19.5
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................475.4
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................22.2
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................2,143.8
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................2.0
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................133
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................430...................1.6 ....................6.3
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................56...................1.3 ....................3.7
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,079...................4.0 ....................6.3
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................140...................3.3 ....................3.8
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2006...................185.0
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...........222.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................126 3.2
2009 Index..........................................................................................................125 3.1
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................127 3.5
Policy rules and regulations........................................................................125 3.6
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................96 4.2
Safety and security .........................................................................................99 4.3
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................116 2.5
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................135 2.9
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................129 2.6
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................130 2.1
Ground transport infrastructure..................................................................111 2.9
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................114 2.0
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................121 2.0
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................110 4.2
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................108 3.5
Human resources ..........................................................................................112 4.2
Education and training...........................................................................114 3.9
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................113 4.6
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................82 4.5
Natural resources ...........................................................................................42 3.9
Cultural resources.........................................................................................131 1.2
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum