Strouthes D.P. Law and Politics: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia
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INDEX
Recidivism,
216-219.
See
also
Capital punishment;
Crimes
Red
Jacket (Iroquois chief),
53
Regina
v.
Anderson
(Great
Britain,
Court
of
Criminal Appeal,
1868),
109
Republic
of
China.
See
China
Res
judicata,
219-220
Revenge
capital punishment
as, 28
as
cause
of
war,
270,272
by
corporate group,
62
defined,
220
feud
as, 86,
87-88,221
against homicide,
42,100,
221
intervillage
raids
as,
221, 269,
270-271
to
save
face,
221-222
Revitalization
movements,
222-225
Revivalistic
movements,
225
Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), legal decisions
in,
138-140,
204-206
Rice-chewing test,
185
Right
of
way,
245
Rights.
See
Human rights; Legal rights
Rivalry,
232-233
Roman Catholic Church,
27-28,158,216,
259-260
Roman
law
as
civil law,
27
divine source
of, 45
equity system
of, 77
international
law
and,
108,109
and
patriapotestas,
27,189-190
and
Volksgeist,
142
Romania,
249
Royal Canadian Police,
15
Rundi (Zaire),
185
Russia,
21-22,163-164.
See
also
Soviet Union,
former
Sacred
Arrows (Cheyenne),
31
San
(Botswana),
89
Sanctions
for
adultery,
164,176
and
bribery,
199
capital punishment
as,
28-30
for
frivolous
lawsuit,
160-162
for
homicide,
28, 68,
98-100
as
law
criteria,
133-134
in
legalistic societies,
153
and
mitigating circumstances,
68-69
and
personality principle,
193
punitive versus
restitutive,
145,175
sorcery
as, 138
for
theft,
257-259
types
of, 68
unofficial,
175,
176
Sanctuary,
28
Sante
Mawiomi
(Micmac Grand Council),
259-260
Sarakatsani
(Greece),
87-88
Savigny,
Friedrich Karl von,
142-143
Scott,
James
C., 198
Second
World,
272
Segmentary
lineage societies,
3-4,
235-237
Self-redress
defined,
237-238
India's legal decision
on,
239-243
by
Micmac Indians,
238-239
by
Tikopia,
257-258
Seminole Indians,
115
Seneca
(Iroquois nation),
50, 52
Serbs,
87
Service,
Elman,
197,
252
Servitude,
60,
243-244, 265-266
and
slavery,
245-249
Servitus,
244-245
Shield Soldiers (Cheyenne),
135,
171
Ships, jurisdiction
on, 109
Shona (Zimbabwe),
154-156
Sicilians,
87
Singers,
as
authority,
16
Sioux
Ghost
Dance Religion,
223
Slavery,
245-249
and
servitude,
60,243-244,
265-266
Social circumscription theory,
253
Social evolution theory,
165,167,168-170,193-
194,251-252
Societies
acephalous,
3-4
age-set,
8-10
298
INDEX
charter myth
of, 30
Chinese secret,
214-215
corporate,
62
horticultural,
144, 245, 250, 254,
264
kingdoms,
129
legal evolution
of,
142-145
legal legitimacy
in,
154-156
legal system
conflict,
174-176
marriage laws
of,
163-165
military,
31,
32,134-135,170-171
oaths
and
ordeals
of,
181,184
political equilibrium
of, 195
revitalization
movements
in,
222-225
segmentary lineage,
3-4, 235-237
social
evolution theories
on,
165,167-170,
193-194, 251-252
state,
250-253
status
within,
254
tribal,
62,144,
263-265
tributary payments
by,
265-266
See
also
Band societies
Society
of Big
Saber (China),
214
Society
of
Elder Brothers (China),
214
Somali,
246
Sorcery,
60-61,
97,138,
203, 221, 249-250, 258.
See
also
Supernatural powers
South
Africa,
54
South America,
37,187-188,
250
South Korea,
274
Southeast Asia,
198-199
Soviet Union,
former
absence
of
contracts,
61
anthropology
of, 170
governmental expropriation,
78
legalistic system,
152
Nkrumah
and,
65
personality principle
of
law,
192-193
purges,
208-209
U.S. treaties
with,
260
See
also
Russia
Spanish government,
216
Spencer,
Herbert,
144
Spencer, Robert,
86
Spiro, Melford,
81
Stalin, Joseph,
15,18,
78,173,
208,
209
States
civilization
as, 38
coups
against,
63-64
features
of,
250-251
kingdoms
as, 129
origin
of,
251-253
treaties between,
260
Status,
254, 259,
270
Statutory rape,
148,152
Steward, Julian,
197,
252
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties,
260
Structural
functionalism,
195
Substantive law,
255.
See
also
Law
Sudanese State Security Bureau,
182-183
Suicide,
79-80
Sukuma (Tanzania),
176
Sungusungu
groups (Tanzania),
176
Supernatural powers
of
Deganawida,
50
as
homicide sanction,
99-100
and
Jivaro
warfare,
269
in
law
enforcement,
136
of
leaders,
31,
129-131
and
oaths,
181,182,
207
and
ordeals,
183, 184-185,
208
versus
sorcery,
203
as
theft remedy,
258-259
of
Trobriander,
136-137
See
also
Sorcery
Sylliboy,
Gabriel,
14-15
Syoko Asahara,
224
Taiwan,
274
Tallensi
(Africa),
62, 236
Tanala
(Madagascar),
75-76
Tantuku
(Tikopia
theft remedy),
258,
259
Tanzania,
70-73,176
Tarascan Indians (Mexico),
157-158
Technology
Marxist
criticism
of,
165,167-168
and
social evolution theory,
169,170,193-194,
251-252
Territorial principle
of
law,
117,
257
Terrorism,
257
299
INDEX
Testamentary inheritance,
103
Thailand,
68, 249
Thamu-hnamu
faction
(Burma),
81-83
Theft,
28, 69,
257-259
Theocracy,
259
Third
World,
190-191,197,
249, 272-273
Thirty
Years
War,
109
Thomas,
Clarence,
45
Tibet,
117-118,
206-208, 220,
259
Tikopia
(Polynesia),
257-259
Tiv
(Nigeria),
89,146,181,
213-214, 236,
237
Tiwi
(Australia),
188-189,
221-222
Tlingit
(northwest North America),
246
Toda (India),
265
Tongan (Polynesia),
255
Tonowi
(wealthy man),
22-23.
See
also
Big men
Tort,
37. See
also
Civil
law
Totalitarian
dictator,
16,18
Treaties,
109,111-114,
260-263
Trespass,
263
Tribal societies,
62,
144, 263-265.
See
also
Band
societies
Tribute,
265-266
Trobriander (Melanesia),
136-138
Tswana (South
Africa),
58-61
Tulugak (Alaska),
84
Turkey,
244
Tuscarora Indians (Iroquois),
52
U
Lum
Byei,
83
U
Pain (Burmese insurgent),
82
Umialik
(Eskimo
big
man),
23-24.
See
also
Big
men
Unilineal
evolution theory.
See
Social evolution
theory
United Nations,
108,109,115
United States
abandonment,
3
adverse
possession,
8
black
market,
24-25
common
law
system,
42, 77
confession
admissibility,
47-48
constitution,
48
divorce
law,
42
expropriation,
78
forced
labor,
249
guardianship,
94
law
enforcement,
134
legal pluralism,
174-175
legalistic system,
152,
154
litigation,
160
misprision,
172
oaths,
181
patronage systems,
191
product liability awards,
45
real versus personal property,
211
res
judicata,
220
treaties with,
111-114,
260
U.S. Army,
254
U.S. Declaration
of
Independence,
227
U.S. Supreme Court,
220
U.S.
v.
First National
City
Bank
(U.S.
Second
Circuit Court
of
Appeals, 1968),
114
Universal Declaration
of
Human Rights
(December
10,1948),
227, 228-232
Urigubu
responsibility,
137
Usufructary
rights,
211-212,
263
Vanuatu,
Republic
of
(formerly
Anglo-French
Condominium
of the New
Hebrides),
47
Vatican
City,
259
Vietnam
war,
199
Village Development Society (Burma),
82
Vblksgeist
(national spirit),
142-143
Wabanaki
Confederacy,
115
Wage labor.
See
Working class
Wallace, Anthony
F. C., 222
Wallerstein,
Immanuel,
274
War
Chiefs (Iroquois Confederacy),
53
Ward
leaders'
association
(Yako),
13
Warfare
Ashanti's regulation
of,
49-50
components
and
types,
267
as
environmental adaptation,
253
explanations
for,
267-268
by
military societies,
171
Watson, James
B., 16
Wealth
of
Ashanti government,
49
of
big
men,
22-23
300
INDEX
as
class determinant,
38
and
crime,
69,199
and
patronage systems,
190-191
and
political power,
39,193
supernatural control
of, 136
world system theory
on,
197-198,
273-274
Weber,
Max, 156-157
Wergild
(man-payment),
42. See
also
Collective
liability
West Africa,
247
Western cultures
homicide differentiation,
97
reasonable
man
concept,
212
slavery
in,
245, 246-248
social
evolution theory
on, 194
See
also
United States
Westphalia, Treaties
of, 109
White,
Leslie,
197
White
Lolo
(China),
246
Wills,
103,104-105.
See
also
Inheritance
Witchcraft.
See
Sorcery
Wittfogel,
Karl,
252
Wives,
as
inheritance,
9-10
Wolf,
Eric,
197
Wolof
(West
Africa),
181
Working class,
39,165,167-168,
201
World
Court,
108
World
system theory,
197-198, 272-274
Wounded Knee massacre (1890),
223
Wovoka (Paiute),
223
Xenophobia,
of
Chinese,
214-216
Yako
(Nigeria),
11,13-14
Yanomamo
(Brazil),
89,
268-269
Yaqui
Indians (Mexico),
216
Yoruba
(Nigeria)
associations,
14
as
corporate tribe,
62
guardianship,
94
kings,
129
marriage,
164
ownership
rights,
186, 212,
243
personality principle
of
law,
193
servitude,
243
Zapata, Emiliano,
157
Zionism,
225
Zulu
(Africa),
131,195
301