356 CHAPTER 9 POWER-FLOW SOLUTIONS
jacobian is time-consuming, and the time per iteration is considerably longer for
the Newton-Raphson method. When sparse matrix techniques are employed,
the advantage of shorter computer time for a solution of the same accuracy is in
favor of the Newton-Raphson method for all but very small systems. Sparsity
features of the jacobian are discussed in Sec. B.2 of the Appendix.
9.5 POWER-FLOW STUDIES IN SYSTEM
DESIGN AND OPERATION
Electric utllity companies use very elaborate programs for power-no\\' studies
aimed at evaluating the adequacy of a complex, interconnected ne twork. Impor
tant information is obtained conceillg the design and operation of systems
that have not yet been huilt and the elrcets 0[" cl1;lllges on existing systems. A
power-now study ["or a system oper�ltillg LInder actual m p