nudy tЬe wау theу funсtion' lьа1ь' to find out whiсh sounds a
alе
qlouрed
шto .uпсtionally snli|аr Unils' terfied
рhoneme6,
тhe hnаl а'm
o'
'hё
phoпoloqiсal
ana|ysь of
lалguaqе
i' lhе
ideatihсatio0 of lьe
рhon€mes
аnd liпdiпg о!l thePапems oI re.
lа|iоnshi! into whiсh
lheу
'а||
as the so0nd sуsteл of tl'at la.'
c?.Фo
ва)s
оl а1вl,lп9
speкh sоunds Fоl
e&mple i, we deline
13]noп
the
pьопoloqi'
wоuldьe
quneenoDgh
lo rcmind Б of tho
geлёrаl
с|аss of I€а!.
вt'оn
o' lhБ sФmeпt' For аniсulаlоry
desсliptiоЛ
w.
'o!|d
,.
'п0|'оп
l|rd h, h.|'о''o|nd,оwaq s
foпed
Ьу the 1ip of
(Ьe
tongue aлd thё аlveоlar lidge
yha!
ь
lh.shарe oI the lоngue wheл
theoЬn.u.hoл Б mаde
(а
grоove
in the сente of lЬo
tongue
vhl]e
ihe sides i.ш
a с]ontre
w(h
lhе
дlveola. пdge) and so on so
't
'h.sp*hsоUnds
аrestudled
from the аirL|аlo.r
роiпt
оl view i к
(he
dlflerenсes
and JuЛ
|а.tiеs
о{ lhe]l
рrоduсlioл
'hа!
аle in the loсUs оf аtention
systeп' whiсh is асt!апy
а sel of re|аlionships
aDd oрpоsitions
яh'.ьhаvеhln.tоnаLvаlUe'
Il
Б сomnoп kлowl.ц].
lhаt ditrPrеnt lаnquаges
have а df.
fereпl iun]bel
of
рhoпemеs
.nd dLfferent аlloрhonф
roрleseiI
lng
llrem
so
eасh |аnquаge hа
Еасh mе'nЬeт
оf the sуiem
ь nelеrmlnated ьv
аt| lhe ou'cl
lhout
lh.fi ]ъe sooаl vаluе
o'
an]сLIаtory
a0d aсоU*'с
']uыitiel
oIsoUпds lоl
lhо lаnguagc dь
hyliса]]y
dlffereпl
unts ale ideп.
Lned
as tьe sаme
sound ьюаUsе
lheу |]ave sjmilаr lunсtjoЛs
l1
аnoth", ьnaLdd".oтг
Uл|l/
'1cy
тo/
L".Ja
,{rJ
а, dlfl"
An,
016l \. ll'Ay
pPio
т
оl|Рl.n' ]'n,
quБuс
lunсlons тhis
nateneniсoп
bе iDUn.аted ьу thefo||ow
пrg exаmDrс'
Desрne thеnaniculаto.y
diffёleлсe
lhe1wо Еnglish
rtd...
.t
.o,
o.
c ,
в
',P
'FA.ni'
Uь'o4 d flc,q,P h4яp4
lhen does
not аffкt the
m.aning' wr shd|| mo* proьаьlу
find
thа!
lhe лative sDeakeБ
аre.ot лormа|lУ
awаre of lhe
dilforenсe
belwеeл
lhese twо $unds'
тhь
(ivespeakec
lha! lhвy
hаve ditreЕпсe п Еnqlish
Еnglьь sрeаk
Pa
do 1o nPd
,nc
o''rq"л'. D.сd!'е
, Б ol по
jmpoпcnсP
i'
the .omm! n iсalioл
рloсФs'
In
theRussdп
lаnguаge а sif,ila l' though not
identi.al ditreг
enсe ьdweeп
l^,]
аnd
I^]affфc
lhе moаnlnq
ln]
in ny{ ь re
ilaсedby l^
]
the lsult
will ье а dltrereпt wоrdф*, so the
R]E.
san
l^]
аnd
l^i
sonnds difiеrent оn lhe аniсDlаlоry
level are
identi{ied ьy sрeаreп оf Russian as tуo diflolсnt
lhonеnеs,
An-
a|ogiсa||y' tЬe 5pфke6 o'syiaл
notiсe а differeпсe ьetween the
lti]
of Enqlъh len аnd lhe
ltl
of rei@r а ditrercnсe vhiсь ь
pьo
neniс ln
synаn ьUtоnlу
а||oрIrоniс inЕnglьh
тьeЕ аre папy othеr differenсёs
тhiсh
a!е unimрortапt
оп
lhе
рhonologiсal
lovо] оlапаlysis
FоI exапрlе
(ьerealizаtion
of
tЬe
lp] рhопeme
л the words
pie'
ф,
l@lр
]Фsl'
тheу
are
аl|
dil.
lerent
bфause о! thе
phо!еtiс
с
tьe wотdФy(hesolnd
lp]loses
is аsрnatiоn in dl.
vоld ]oлp.
,шi
the
ft* sound
h]ь
reрьсed ьy а
g|otа|{oр
вul
рhопо.
loqjсallу these sоunds аre the sапe, тЬus a very imрoцаni сon
re|аlivе
аnd nа!ёnenG сonсennlо
pho.ologiфl
саtфоliеs аnd
а||oрhоп[ vаrйnь
сan
us!а|ly ь
sо
(ьe
аm оf lhе
рhonolоgiса|
аnаlysъ i!' fiкdy to deler
лino whiсh
dilielenсes оI sоuпds а.e
рhoneoiс
аnd whi.h are
non.phonёniс dnd' sФоndlу
to
'ind
the
inveлtоIу оf
(he
рho.
neDes
of lhis or !hаt laпquаge,
]t should ьe noied thаt а ntrmьe
tаь|ъьed foJ
asсena'ninq tIle
рhоneпljс
nluсluв оl а Lа0q!aqe'
For an Unkпown lапguаqе
the
pюсedшe
of
'dedifупg
(he
рhФ
nemes
of a lаngla9e аs the small6t ]аnquaqo unns has sevelаl
nаges, тьeftn deр ь to dёlem
menls
lsФmeпtation
o|sрoo.h сontinuuпl) and lo re.ord lhem
grарhlса||y
by meаns оl аuophoлiс transсliрIion, тo do lhis ап
аnaly{
gаlheк
а numьer
оf sound
sеquеnсes with
differenl
meininqs
аnd сoftpаIes lhеп' FоI eхaпile, lЬe сomрапson oi
lsпk]
апd
lslJk]
leloaь lЬe segmeп(s
Gоundq
lll
and
l.]
сom
paiьоп
оf
Ьl'k]
аnd
lsplk]
reveаls thе seqnmь
Ьn
аnd
lsp]
а.d
lhe
lunher
соmрarьoп of thesе
'ъю
wih
ll|k]
aid
IlЕk]' Ь|k]
апd
lsak]
sрlits l|les. seоmenG inb smыьl Фgm€n6
Ь] lI] Lрl
ll чe trу tо
divide lhem luпher lhelo is no сomparьоn that al.
|o!is Us b dlvide
Is]п lt]оr lplinlo
two oпd
wehave lhercfolе