Шварценеггер Арнольд. Энциклопедия бодибилдинга. The Education of a Bodybuilding by Arnold Schwarzenegger (англ.)

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Progressive Resistance Weight Training 181

for programs, exotic food supplements and "secret" exercises.

There are no "secret" exercises in bodybuilding. The secret is

not what exercises to do but how to do them.

Sets and Repetitions

In the beginning—unless stated otherwise in the specific exer-

cise—I would suggest doing three sets of 8 to 10 repetitions of

each exercise. Thirty sets altogether should be done in 45 min-

utes, or at most, an hour. This allows for a 30-second rest period

between sets.

1. BENCH PRESS—This is the number-one exercise for increas-

ing the mass of the upper body, especially the pectoral muscles.

Lie down on the exercise bench with your feet approximately 18

inches apart for support. Using a fairly wide grip (as in photo)

182 Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder

lower the barbell until it touches your chest about nipple level

and then ram it back up overhead. Lock your elbows at the top.

Inhale deeply on the way down, exhale going up. Use the add-

weight system (add a small amount of weight at the beginning of

each set) for five sets (8, 8, 6, 6, 6 reps respectively).

2. WIDE-GRIP CHINS—These chins widen the lats and work

on the entire shoulder girdle. Many top bodybuilders have built

great upper backs with this exercise alone. It primarily develops

the upper and outer regions of the lats and spreads the scapula,

making it easier to widen the lats. Using a wide grip (see photo),

pull yourself up until your chin is over the bar; lower the body

slowly and give the lats a good stretch on the way down. I prefer

10 reps, and sometimes I add weight by placing a dumbbell be-

tween my legs for a few sets of 6 to 8 reps. You may not be able

to do 10 reps. In that case do as many as you can, aiming for a

total of 30.

3. MILITARY PRESS—The military press is for the deltoid mus-

cles. The front deltoid is the biggest muscle here and a pressing

movement with a barbell is basic to its development. Your grip

on the bar should be about 5 inches wider than your shoulders.

Sitting with your feet approximately a foot apart, lift the barbell

from the floor to the chest area, which is called cleaning the

weight; then in a second movement press it slowly and smoothly

over your head and lock your elbows. This exercise can also be

performed from a standing position; however, I prefer the sitting

version because it eliminates excessive strain on the lower back.

I would strongly recommend that you use a sturdy lifting belt.

Again, you can use the add-weight principle.

184 Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder

BARBELL CURL—I

believe in basic moves, and the stand-

ing barbell curl couldn't be more basic for building the biceps.

At first, I suggest you take a medium-wide grip (approximately

shoulder-width) on the bar to hit the bicep directly, although

later on you can vary the grip to the degree that you personally

feel the greatest results. As with all exercises, start with a weight

that becomes progressively more difficult to lift after about the

fifth rep. This strain rams the blood into the biceps. Remember,

this is a power-building as well as a muscle-building exercise so

don't be afraid to handle the poundage. Only your forearms

should move. Keep your elbows stationary. If you allow them to

move, the deltoids will do the work and you will not get 100%

bicep action.

FRENCH

PRESS—Grip the bar with your hands approxi-

mately 10 inches apart and lift it over your head. Keep your up-

per arm in a stationary position close to the sides of your head.

Let the weight slowly down behind your head. Then press the

weight slowly back to the starting position. Do not allow your

upper arms to move.

186 Arnold: The Education of o Bodybuilder

SQUATS,

WEIGHT

BEHIND THE

NECK—Squats

will develop

your thighs, strengthen ycur heart and lungs, and generally im-

prove your circulation. It is better to do this exercise with the aid

of a squat rack so you can use heavy weight. Holding the weight

on the back of your shoulders, with your feet either flat on the

floor or with the heels elevated by one-inch blocks, keep your

upper body straight and lower yourself into a full squat. In a

powerful exercise such as the squat it is essential to remember

the rules about breathing. Inhale deeply on the way down, ex-

hale while coming up. I would recommend that you do the squat

in front of a mirror so you can observe your form and always

keep the weight parallel and your upper body as straight as pos-

sible. One word of caution: If you do squats crooked you leave

yourself open to serious injury in the lumbar region.

7. LEG CURL—I do leg curls on the leg curl machine. No ex-

ercise works more directly on the backs of the thighs, the leg

biceps. Lie on your stomach on the bench of the machine, hook

your heels under the lever bar, then, holding the sides of the

bench, pull the weight toward your buttocks. Bring your heels as

far forward as you can, then lower the weight slowly. Let it go all

the way down to give your muscles a long stretch. Be sure that

your legs move only from the knees down. Do not allow your

hips to help lift the weight. If you do, the curls will be far less

effective. It is important to let the legs go straight, then to curl

the weight up as far as possible. If a leg curl machine is not

available, you can improvise by placing a dumbbell between

your feet as you lie prone on a flat bench, and then curl the

weight up. Naturally the curl machine is best because of its con-

stant leverage and resistance.

8. CALF RAISES ON CALF MACHINE—Standing calf raises

work on the inside, outside, lower and upper parts of the calves

to give them thickness and width. The normal position is to

stand on the wooden block at the base of the machine, with your

toes pointed straight forward. Situate your shoulders under the

padded bars, as in the photograph, and lift as high as you can on

your toes. Let yourself down slowly, allowing your heels to drop

as far below the platform as they will. You should feel the stretch

in your calves until it hurts. The most common mistake people

make is putting on so much weight they cannot observe the strict

form. When the weight gets so heavy it is difficult to get all the

reps out, some people will bend their knees and use their thighs

to complete the exercise. This is wrong. The right way to do the

exercise and get the best results is to keep the knees locked, let

the heels down as far as possible, and go up until the calf is

cramped.

Because the calf is a difficult muscle, you should do five sets of

15 reps.

Progressive Resistance Weight Training 189

9. SIT-UPS WITH LEGS BENT—The stomach is the turbine of

the torso. We should be concerned about it for both health and

appearance. It is the center, the area from which we draw our

life forces. In addition, the abdominals are the muscles the

judges look at first in a physique contest. Without good solid abs

you can never have a chance at winning trophies. We've dis-

cussed this exercise in the previous chapter. If you've done it

properly, you should have noticed that your waist is trimmer by

inches, your posture is 100% better, and your digestion and elim-

ination are improved. To add resistance you can do the sit-ups on

a slant board, as shown in photo.

Do three sets of 50.

190 Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder

10. WRIST CURL—Wrist curls work on the flexors of the

forearm and also increase finger strength. The forearm muscles

should not be neglected. They are as important as the muscles in

the shoulders and lats and calves. I prefer doing the curls in a

sitting position, resting the back of my forearms on the bench

and holding the barbell in a close grip. It is very important to

keep your elbows together. To be sure that the elbows always

stay in a close position, I lock them between my knees (refer to

picture). Moving only your wrist, curl the weight up until your

forearm is fully contracted. Allow the weight to go down slowly,

then at the bottom let the bar roll out on your extended fingers.

The forearm, like the calf, is a hard muscle to reach. Do as many

full reps as you can, then continue with partial reps until your

forearm is tight and burning. Don't worry about pain; it means

growth.