Щавелев Д.С., Васильев Ю.С., Претро Г.А., Резниковский А.Ш. и др. Гидроэнергетические установки

IIp u

n

p

on

elIeHHu

BoA

Hosr{ep

reraqec

Kr.rx

p

a

c

q

cMoneJrHpoBaHHbnr

MeroAoM

MoHre-KapJro,

o6uq

cJreAoBareJrbHo

pa6oranulux

6.noxos.

TaxHNrH

6.i

uriu,

xoTr

H

3ar\{eAJrfleT

peueHHe

SaAaqu,

Ho

rro:

crBeHl{bre

peueHrin

npr.r

er{cn,r-yar

arr,Hu.r.t.*",-lffiltttr

#?ffi::ill';.#,lfllr[ilffi';t

,SrX:

Aar{HH,

no/ryqeHr{ble

or

3UBM.

20.5.

PACIIETbI

HEYGTAHOBPIBIUETOCfl

EBHKEHI,IR

BOIbI

B

SHEPTETHTIECKHX

KAHAflAX

3anrrurenr

cHcrer\'rv

ypaBHerr'

pr

(4-T)

u

(a-g)

B raKoM

BH.ue:

+_s_\

-

r,

,.

'

at

/-

t-n'rr'

h

0z,drl/^40

,lr

-i-

dt

-

-Ef;

\

n'

at

^

0,

,

d,

|

/^

'i27i'E

al,,

\n,

0Q

,

AQ\

x.,

^

cts

dt

/

I-Fr

t,

Puc.

20-4.

cxeuu

K pacqery

Heycra'oB,Bruerocfl

pex(rdMa

ffi:;;;:'ff,,

""'J::!W:'l:.:::::::

20.a);

B

-

ruHpHHa

pvcrra

np,

g0)

f

:;^Fr-Qlal*

Ft

at

l

&o

r

-

-T

-r

u

F

lar:const.

vpanHeHu.

(?g-3)

orHoc'rcn

K

<n_pflMofi>

sorHe,

ypaBHeHue

(20-4)

-

n

ypaBHeHHs

irDql{ofi

a o6parHorl

no.nH

6yaa*

o"*aouro

HHAeKcaMH

*

H

*

x.

,----B:tpq?rni

qacrHbre

npoHsno4urre

qep.,

KoHeqHbre

pa3Hoc*

H

orMerKH

(prdc.20-4\:

--r--

(2q-3)

(2q-4)

ycTaHoBr{B-

<o6paruofi>.

g.rreriu

z

rrepe3

rny6uust

h

0z

0t

aQl

=-l

:

ds

l**

3V

r\

: 1-

J,T

a5*

AS*

0rl

hi,"-hi-r,r

dtl-_--f,s---lox

io**i

d.l-

7s

la:const

(r).

-

o. I

ltT /-1'Tl

A^ |

,

ar*

lH:const

dr

l**

ti*r,

"

-

0i,

r

f

ds

ls:.onst

-

--As;-l-la:.onrt

flo4ctan

rr!\1

no,rt

]'qe

H

Hbre

Q7,

t1r

Qi,

r*t

P uc,rcnt

Haqa/tbHbtx

ucttoaurt

Pac,aem

tteeort epaHu4bt

Onpe)e,oenue

Q

u

h

a ouepeduoryl

ctrrsope

U

ee.tuqeuue

flolflepa cmsopa

Pacqem

npaeofi

epaHuqbt

I

VeettuaeHue

mercALqeeo

epet,teHu

I

3Har{eHan

B

ypaBHeuun

(20-3)

u

(20-fl.

rorAa

-

B?'"zhi,

r-pl

:

Qj,"

-

BA,zh1,"

*

Alq*;

-

67rthi,

r+1

:

Qi,"

-

Blvthl,r

*

Alg**,

rAe

Qx

H

gx*

s-?{["

,

I

dc'il

\

alall

-r

E

0r

lrr:.o

nrt

)

- -rc-

j

--

,

dQ

rD.r

n /0h ,\'l

-

h2

6,

+

tttullu2

\;f

-,0

)J,

BbrrilrcJlffeMag

cooTBeTcTBeHrro

AJIS

npfl-

ruorl r.r

o6parHofi

BoJrH.

Peuraq

coBMecrHo

(20-5)

n

(20-6),

IIoJiyqrrlr:

Qi,"*r:

Qi,,

+

#+;

9*

-

_

J4f

e**,

(zo-T)

I\I

-

I\z

lt.'

-

h,

,rlt

T+7

-

tLI,

A

rr

(lJr

-

hr)

-

9**).

Syuxuun

/

trol-

(20-5)

(20-6)

(Vx

-

(20-8)

ri

I

Hem

Auanus

Ocmavoe

P-uc.

20-5. E.nox-cxeida

AJrf

pacqera

na 3i{B,N{

Heycra-

HoBHBrirefocfi

pex{HMa

ABHX{eHHR

BOAbI

B

AepHBaIIHOH-

HOM

KAHAJIC

flpu uaxox(reHnH

peueHufl

Ha rpaHuue

Heo6xoAlrMo

paccMorperb

coBMecTHo

c

fpaHHqHbrLl

ycJroBHeM.

BsrqncleH

rLfl

Ha

3I{BM

Mo}KHo ocyu{ecrBlrrb

no

6nox-cxeue,

puc.

20-5.

flpu

H3BecrHbIx Hd.IanuHrtx

ycno-

BHnx

ypaBHeHHn

(20-T)

n

(20-B)

no3Bo-

Jrsror

uaiiru

perrJeHufl

tlcxo4uofi cHcreMbl

ypaBHeHufr

s

o6nacrt{

peueuui,t

M.

Kprarepueu

cxoAuMocra

npu6ln-

)KeHHO|O

peUeHHfl

K

TOqHOMy

CJJyIKIIT

cooTHolueHHe

uafoB:

^r<*T+-

'

I

A

lrnax

3.qecr

l2' l*u*

:

max

I

Xti

'

l'

zi

I

npu

i

-

:1,2,...rn,

ypaBHeHHe

(20-7)

n.rrr'r

(20-8)

KOTOpafl

npeAcTaBreHa

HA

2O-0.

NPHMEHEHHE

BbIIIHCNHTENbHbIX

MAIIIHH NPH SKCNNYATAII}IH

T3C.

C.no>xuocrs

H

AHHaN{HrIHocrb

BoAoxogflftcrneHgorx

H

gHepfeTfir{ecKux

cuc'1rena,

B Koropblx

pa6oraror

ruApoe"TqKTpocTaHqr4n,

KacKaAHocrb

rr4ApocrpouTe"rrbcrBa r{

Apyfue

Saxropr,r,

olye:

qaBluHecfl

Bblrle

(19-2),

o6yc.noonuBaror

ueo6xoAnnn6cro-flcrroJrb3oBaHrrfl

rrprt

oKarr.nyaraunn

f3C

coBpeMeHHbrx

BbrrrHsrrHTeJIbHbIx

MaluHH.

Ha xpynublx

rHApocraHrrusx

BbrqucruTeJrbHbre

ycrpoficrsa,

qaqe

Bcero

aHhnorosoro

rHIIa,

I{cnoJlb3ylorcfl

o6utqno

A.[g

en6opa

onrr{MaJrbHoro

cocTaBa

arpetaroB r{

pacnpeAd.neHus

Harpy3Kn

Mex(Ay

HHMI{.

_Taxlte

aHaJloroBbre

ycrpoftcrea

HMeror

cner{HaJrbgoe H83H2.I€Hr{€i

qro

IIOgBoJIgeT

AeJIarb

ux

se6o"nbuuMa

rro ra6apuTaM

r.r

AerueBbrMr{.

804

AHaius

epaHuua

Ino

Vnpan.rreuue

pex(HMaMH cpa6orxH

-

HaIIoJtHeHHn

BoAoxpaHI{JIHIII

KacKaAoB

rr.rApo3Jrql(rpo-

craultr.ri'r

ocyuecrBd'rqeTcrr

o6reAuneHHbrMH

AucnerqepcKH\rlI

ynpaBJIeHHflMH

(OAy)

KpynHbtx

Snep

feTr{r{ecKHX

cI,IcTeM.

Bce

pacqeTbr,

seo6xoAuMbre

aJrfl

ynpaB/reHHt

pex{HManrr.r

pa6orbl

BoAoxpaHHJIHIII,

npono,finrcr

Ha

3l{BM.

Bo

Bcex OAy

Coeercxoro

Corcsa

ycraHoBJIeHbI

MouIHbIe

yHI.IBepcaJIbHbIe

3UBM, xotopsre

ocrrailIeHbt ua6opavru

nporpar\{M,

rro3Bo.,'Ifltotqux

rtpoBoAnTb

pa3/InqHbte

no etiAY H TpyAoeul,<oc'ru

pacqerbr (eo4HoaueprerurrecKue,

rr.rApaBJrHqecKHe,

gJIeKTpHtlecKHe,3Hepro-SKoHot\{LIqecKHe

H.LpyrHe).

poKo

HcnoJlb3ylorcfl

3IIBM

qBrfftorcfl

pacqerbl:

l) onrulg.r3auun

AJrHTeJrbHbrx

pexulroB

cpa6otxu-HanoJlHeHul

BoAoxpaHIuHI{ B

rr.{Ap

o3/l exrp ocra

uqH

fi

,

2)

onrHrraaJlbHoro

pacnpeAereHl't

q

sJleKrpuqecxofi

Harpy3KH

B

N,re)KAy

pa3JIHqHblN4H

3JIeKTpI4qecKHI\'lH

CTaHUHf

I\{H

B CyroqHOrI

'

3)

usrvreHeHl'Ifl

1'ponueit

BoAnt B HHX(HHx

6leQax

ruApoy3noB

cToKa

peKr.I;

4)

rpaHcclopr\4auHH

naBoAKoB

B

BoAoxpaHvJrvtfi\ax

KacKaAa

rirnpoy3JIoB H nponycKa efo

qepe3

BOAOCJTHBHbte

COOp\')KeHHfl;

5) lro4e,nupoBaHHfl

peqHoro

croKa

B BoAoxpankrlrnqax.AJlfl

oI{eHKI,l BoAHosHepferHqFcl(HX

noKa3are.neft rralpogJeKTpocraHqufi

Ha

nJIaHHp-verrlrrrl

trepuoA

(roA,

rnapta"rr) H

r.

A.

lflupoxo

HcnoJrb3yloTcs

BbrqHcJII{TeJIbHbIe

I\,IaluI4HbI

AJII

npoBeAeHHfl

npu

gKcnnyaraUrE4

f3C

TeXHgr(o-gKoFroNrHrrecKHX,

6yxra,'ltepcKr.tX

H

ApyruX

pacqeToll.

flpnmetleilue

BHqncneNTenbnblx

Mau.lHll

B

pacqerax

6nrHmaflbHgro

pexnma

Fa60rbl

fg0

B

oneprog1ereme

OnrHnHsaUHq

pexHMoB

g.rreKTpo3HeprernqecKnx

cncTe\t

3aKrtoqaercfl

B

Haxo)KAeHult

BCex

,qonycTHNrbrx

napaNreTpoR

npouecca

npoH3BoAcTBa

I{

pac[peAefleHHq

3HepfHH, tlpl'l

KoTopblx

ooecne-

rrHBaerc.g

MHHHN,TyN{

aKcnJlyarauuorrrlbrx

3arpar.

Perueune

AaHHoit

3aAaqt{

o6ut.tHo rloApa3Aelqercfl

Ha onrqN.{H3arrgro

B

ycnoBuflx

oxeparnBHoro

n.rraHI{poBa:utfr.

H

yilpaBJeHHfl

H ort'tt't\{t't3aunn

Ha

po.ree

AJrLrTe[bHbre

nepiro,r,bl

BpeMeHI4.

Onep

aranHoe nJIaHnp

oBaHI4e

BKJIIo-

qaer

paapa6orry

pex{LIMoB

Ha

AaHHbre

n lnuxafirrrHe

cyrKn. Pac-

rrerbr

Arfl

6o"nee

AJrHTeJIbHbrx

ne-

pHoAoB

oTHOCTTCfl

K OnpeAeJIeHfiIO

pelKlrMoB

SHeprocHcTeM

IIpH ro-

AHqHOM

r.r MHOrOJreTHer,I

pefyJIH-

poBaHHLr

croKa na f3C.

HaxoxAeHIde

oIITHMaJIbHoro

pex{HMa

sHepfocHcreM sBJIfleTcfl

cnoxHofi

gKcrpeManrHoft

saAa.Ieft

BcJIeAcrBHe

.

HeJrraHefinocru

aHep-

ferHqecKHx

xapaKTepHcTHK,

MHo-

foBapHaHTHocTI{

BO3MOX{HbIX

CO-

.IeraHHft

oHeprerHqecKr,Ix

xapaK-

TepHcTr{K,

MHO|OBapLIaHTHOCTT4

B03Mo)KHbrx

co.IeraHufi

aHepre-

TuqecKoro

o6opy.uoeaHvrfl., Ha[rr4-

IrHfl

ofpaHu.reHuft

e

Qoprrre

paBeH-

crBa H HepaBeHcrs.

Bce

9To

npu-

BoAHT

t< ueo6xoAnr\Iocru

I{crIoJIb-

3oBaHHfi

3l{BM.

PaccuorpHr\{

npHN{ep nocrpoe-

HI{fl

aJIropHTIvIoB

Aflq

[pHMeHeHLIfl

3l{BM:

l)

'a,ns

nlr6opa

HaHBbr-

ro4uer?ruero

pacnpeAeJreHHfl

cy-

roqHofi

Harpy3KH

Iue>KAy

-3JIeK-

PHc.

20-6.

Enox-cxena aJrropnTl{a

onrr,rMn3aqun cyrol{Horo

TpHqecKI'Il\'lH

craHuliflMl{;

2)

l,nn

pe}Ktrrvra

pa6ornr

aHeprocncreMbr

HaXOX{ACH}Ifl

OIITHI\Ia,IIbHOIO rO-

AI4TIHO|O

peX<HMa

lrpH

HailUl{,HH

r3c.

cHcreNl

c rHApocraHIIHflMH.

Ha

plrc.20-6

npeAcraBJieHa

6.nox-cxer{a

ailropHTMa

onrHIvtH3aUHr4

cyrorrHoro

pexi4ua

sHeprocl{creMbl

no ycJroBuro

(19-2).

flpu

erou

4nn

npoprorbr

6y4errl

ctll{Tarb,

rITo

Bce T3C npeacraBJleHbl

oAHoft

sKnnBaJreHrsofi

xapaKTepucrl.rxofi

oruocdrenu-

HbIX

npHpocroB

no crorMocrlr

ronJruna

bc:

F

:

I

(//),

a

l3C

onuclrnarcrta

xapaKTepucrr4xaMn

q:

f

(N.,'

/1)

u

ft'r:

f

(Q,

//).

Kporrre

arLIX

xapaKrepucrrrK,

Ha BXoA

B aJrropnrM

BBoAsrcfl

ofpaHliqeHr{rr

ro

6anaucy

HarpysoK,

6arancy

pacxoAyennofi

eoAu

sa cyrorrHufi

uuxn

H

r.

[:

365

EacKanax

3HepfeTHI{ecKHX

y3JIaX

CHCTeN{bl

HeAe.ribHoM, N,recflqHoI\1

pa3pe3e;

npH

,

cyToqHoNr

PefYnlr

poBaHHH

Bxo)

I

F'

|

?'"

+

Hem

3aAan

3HaIIeHHe

Fr

a.trg

KaxAolo

qaca

cyrol{Horo

rrHKJra

H NrHox{HTeJrr

1,,

e

o*neparope

I

ua-

xoAflrcfl

MourHocrH

oreKrpocrasrturl

no xapaKrepHcruKaru

Nt:

f

(Fi,

N.:

/

f+).

B

onepa_

\A'l

Tope 2

npouseoAHTcfl

npoBepl(a

6anauca

r\rou{Hocrn

sHeprocr.rcTerubr.

Ecnu

eror

6}.r

ptercfl,

ro

perreHlre

nepeHoc'rcfl

B

oneparop

4. e rori'.r-r"*,'".r"

Ad,rfl

KaKor"-;ffi:tfl."r?fr?lrl;

BpeNIeFIH

YCJIOBHfl 6alanca

He BblnoJlHtrorcfl,

To

nepexo;r,Hr\,r

K one_paropy

J.

Oneparop

BBoll'T

KOppeKTHB

B

nepBoHaqaJlbHoe

sHaqeHl4e orHocHreJrbHofo

npHpocra

Fr.

34o

KoppeKTHpoBaHHe

ocv_

| |

rqecrBJrflercff

Ha

Qcuoee

cJreAy6-

I

t

l*

lr{ero

Bblpax{eHrot'tno"t

crleAyrc'

ll

l^B

I

P;

-

o,

I

#or.

(20'e)

|n__----,-|

rt

I

5l

I

+uo

t I

P"'"if;

r\,rH3r{poBaTb

crpofo

BbrnyKdlylo

QyHrqnro

c

HenpepbrBHbril{H

rlpoH3BOAHbrr\,lH

Y

(X)

z

(x);

X"nn<X<X*u*",

or

BeKropa

X.

Xo euuucJtflror

rpaAr4eHT

{,yHxuuu

v--

i. l :l I I I

nepBoHaqa.rrsorod

5l

Il

l -1

n'a

| |

x(Hre'IIn:

sl

:l

|

'

l*-

| \,-^-01

ii

:i

| , I

Hem

l---;-1

| flrt.e

HoBoe

3HarreHr{eMH.MH-

$l

ri

i_=_=:.'l

,lll;fii'"";ffiA".:;T,Hniffiil:

(20-l

l)

(20-12)

H OnpeAeJrrroT

Bqr(Top

HaHcKo-

,

***,

I

' i

t

Metol

orHocHTeJIbHbIx

npH-

I

tt

| | ,, I

I

pocroB

AJII

ontnr,rr{tsauuu

p.ri."-

|

I

'"

l-

MoB

aueprocucre[r

c.noxuori

I no

crpyKrypbr

MolKer

npHMeHflrbcff

v

npH

peUeHItH

CpaBHlITeJrbHo

nDO_

€

I

l:tt-t

i,

I ir-;1

I

'".,*'lH

:#X'#t#iill'.oJ,lf:

|

t

'"

l-

y:-._._--:pfo:Hcrey

c.noxuori

| ,'ln

i i

I

uu

I

tZ

I

tl

I

Hem

Y

Ir

I

onon*onrt

I

Puc-

20-7. 6aox-cxeN{a

aJrropuTMa

onrHMH3aqHH

pex(HMa

pa6oru

f3C

ToI

orrrH

M

H:i

a

qulr.

pac-

:,TTllx"lln^o.f^o11 :."*?#lii :p,:j.T.::To:o..y!'oau

onrHA{HsauHH.

r-rycru

Heo6>[oannoo

n,"nn_

npH

ofpaHHr{eHH.rIX

rte

Z

(X)

-

BeKrop

-

Ovuxuus

-

Ha

ocHoBe

(20:ll)

npr.r

X

:

peHuefo

cnycKa:

dU

6'

(20-

13)

flo

AaHHoMy

BeKropy

onpeAeJrflercs

BeKTop

AonycruMbrx

cocraBJrfro[rlHX,

AJrs

Koropux

co6"nloAarcrcq

ycnonua

Xi

3a

Aonycturulrfi

npeAe"n

Xi

np,

rAe

Xj

rrp

-

np.l*o"o

366

pertre.Huft

rryTeM

[pHpaBHr{BaHHs

K

Hynto

:

Xi

np

H

rpu

rbrbpnx

\i;

HanpanJreH

AonycrrlMoe

3naqenue

uapbMerpa.

C.rrelyrouree

npn6.nn)KeHue

Ber(Topa

x

onpe,nerflercrr

H3 ycJroBufl:

X:Xo*VaonS,

FAe S

-

urar cnycKa, paeulrfi

S

:

min

(S",

Snp).

B

Qoprryne

(20-15)

SM orpeAe.rsercr

H3

ycJroBnr, uro

QyHxrlua

Y

tx

(s)l

Aocruraer

N,rHHHuyMa. flpelenrsufi

urar

S

onpe.[eJlsercs

.nn6o

ssqeHuli.

flocreAoeareJrbHo

noBTopqfl

npoqecc

perxeHHfl,

NrolxHo

6yler

Nrenrrure

HanepeA

3a,{aHHoro

qHcJra:

l^Yr:{TW<p-

(24-t7\

3ro

u 6yaer

rBJIflTbcfl

npH3HaKoM

AocrulKeHr{r

MHHHr{yMa

SyHxuulz

Y,

o[pe.{e.rifleuoli

c

Heo6-

xopuvofi

TorlHocrblo.

3.

OnrHr{tI

3auHfl roAHqHof

o

pe)KHr\{a

pa6orbr

f3C

N{erolnorvr

rpaAHeHToB.

3ala\a onrHMH3arIr4H

Qoplly.rrupyercg

c.ne4yroulurr,r o6pasoru:

onpereJHrb

H3

MHoxecrBa

AonycrHlubtx

pelKHA,roB

onrHMa"rbHbte

pelKHr4br

f3C, Koropbre

coorBercrByror r\iHHH-

yyt\{y

sKcnJIyaralIHoHHbIX

3aTpar

B

sHeprerHqecKofi

cHcreve

3a

paccrvrarpHBaer\{bili

nepnol

BpeNleHH.

B

pacclrarpuBaeruoft

nocrauoBKe

3ar,aqa

onrr.rruu3aulru BxoAHT

onpeAeJreHue pex(Hr\,ra peryJrHpoaa-

HLrfl,

roAoBoro

croKa f3C.

IJ-ln

,4aHsor?

gana,qv

seo6xoAnuo

ucnoJrb3oBarb

vDaBHeHH

n 6aianca

aKruBHbtx

MolrtHocrefi

lr

ypaeHeHuff

6anauca

croKa

Ha KalKAoil

f3C.

A.rrg

f3C B KaqecrBe

Hesa-

Bucr,rMbrx

neperreHHsrx

X

y.4o6no

npHHHMarb

pacxoAbr

BoAbr

f3C.

!,.n4

onrHNIH3aIrHH pe>KHMoB

no rpaAHeHTHoMy N{eroAy

ueo6xoAuMo

BbrrrHcJrsrb Kor\rnoHeHTbr

rpaAHeHT-BeKTopa

Qyuxquu

sKcnJlyaraUnoHHbtx

sarpar

U.

Ins

BbrqHc"rreHHr yKasaHHbrx

Koluno-

HeHT

Ao"rix{HbI

HCIIoilb3otsarbcfl

Qynx[r.roHaJrbHbre

3aBHCHNrocrH,

xapaKTepu3ylolt1ue

cB13tr

nepe-

NIeHHblx

n

aHeqrocHcrel\te,3aBI4cI,IMocrH,

o[peAeJrflIouue

crofi\tocrb

ronJjHBa

Ha

T3C,

cBfl3H

Ntexry

MouIHocrflMn

l3C

ra

pacxoAar\In

BoAbr,

ypoBHrruu

BoAbr

BepxHero

H

HH>KHero 6leQoe,

ocHoBaHHbre

Ha

-BoAHo3HeprerHqecKlrx

xapaKTepHcruKax

f3C.

B,tox-cxeva

pacqera

o[THN{aJrbHbrx

pe)KHiuoB

f3Cs

oHeprocucrenre

(pnc.

20-7)

cocrouT H3

cJreAyrorrlHx oneparopoB.

B

oneparope

^1

Qoprra.upyercff

Aonycrsr,rur?

pe>r(Hivr

oHeprocuc-reMbr

c

yqeroM

rpe6oeaur.rfi eHep-

rocllcreMbl

v BoAoxo3ffficreenuoro

KorvrrrJreKca.

B

oneparope

2

npoH3BoAHTcs

au6op 6anaHclr-

pytottlero

HHT€pg3.,'ra

Bp3ilreHu,

AJtfl,

xoroporo

B

oneparope

J

,u,aercfl

pacqer

npeAeJrbHulx

guaqeHufi

no

o6teivtarv

Pac-xoeyelrofi

BoAbr.

C.ne4yrou1Hfi

oneparop

4

onpeAeJrser

KoMnoHeHTbr rpsAlleHr-,

BeKTopa

AU. B

6.noxe

5 upouseoAurcs

pacrrer

rpaAr{eHT-BeKTopa

Ans

cJreAyrourero

r,rHrepBaJta

Bpe

lleHf

.

flpu aront

npoBepflIorcs

ycJloBlrs

BErnoJrHeHHfl

orpaHu.reHufi

tro

ypoBHflM

Bepxnero

H HH)r{Hero

6ueSoe.

flpu

na"tuqull

TaKHx

orpaHnqeHufi

B

orreparope

6

npoBepflerc.fl

coorBercrBue

6a.rraHcnpy-

Iorllero

HHTepBaJIa.

Ec.nu 3To

He BblrroJlHsercfl,

To

B

oneparope

7 npou3BoAurcr

nu6op noeoio

aHrepBaJra.

B

oneparope

B

ilpou3BoAuTcs

pacqer

ruoAyJrfl

rpaAHeHra-QynKuHH.

flpu

erorrr,

ec.,'ru

3ror lvloAy.nl

6o;tlue

P,

ro

nu6upaercr

urar

S H

BHocflTcf

nonpaBKr.r

B

nepeueuuue

X. Ec.lu

xe

I\loAyJIb

MeHbIIIe

P,

TO B

OnepaTope

ocyuecTBJrreTcr

npoBepKa

orrTHMu3aultfi

Bcex

HHTepBaJroB.

B cee,uyioqetvt

oneparope

onpeAeJlteTcfi:

BHocHJrHcb nonpaBKvr

HJrLr

ser.

Ec.nu oHH BHocH.nHch,,. ro

Heo6xonuNIo

IIoBTopeHue

onruMu3arrHH

Bo

Bcex

r{HTepBaJrax

[epuoAa.

Ec,nu

raK]re ttonpaBKi.t He

BrrocHJrHcb,

To

3To

IIoKa3btBaeT

oKoHrIaHHe pacrleTa.

S*,

.nu6o

rroJIyrtHTb,

(20-t4)

(20-

l

5)

(20-

l6)

SnP

no onHor\,t]'

H3

ofpa-

qTo

IuoAYdrIb fpaAHeH'fa

98888888

#-_*_

33;3rr<o

i33Rll6,_

33;aSttr\co

(l-

ra

l.J

v

.oid6illo)o

co

@O)O)FrrO

d-lc.tc.illno

I

A'o

OO-IOCOrrO

d

c.t'

6i

X

ro(ocoH

,$<iiriNll

.o-

o^

C\r

6rc.t'doill

O@rOF-

ll

n6l(ocDll

su)as

ll

qlhcoc\ll

cOCO-61

roco(oo

HCOO)OO

cos

X

(o61

(>

6l

C}I

AI

?A

-CO

€6t

LO|-O)C)r

I

OHC\C\|l

CS

F.

(!

;F

:x

bv

XC

CfJ

"EA

(lJ

cr)

o

I

\

q)

t

s

\

a-

\

tr--

t-

,

F

X

F

q)

H

F

(J

()

Q

X

co

X

(J

t

t-

q)

X

E

E;

(o

q')

o

F

(J

6.)

!{

o

4,r

C)

u

GI

q)

(l)

q)

o

C)

I

<S

,s

cl

t..

EE

ts

rF

-

gJ

.!Yt

-

A

C'

-

t\

=

tr-

F

E

368

c{

ct

o{

\:.

v

\i

i-ro

cr

o

t

I

)O

(

f

cl

(r)

cl

c{

N

t

fr)

c{

i\e'

t,o

.-:!O

I

r4f

7€=

\

!('

/4

,!L

r,s(

3l

=

qi

c0

r

''l

al

r'l

F

E-

i

t-

F

\z

I

-

C'

F

C'

E

s

-

trl

Ei

lrl

d

UJ

a

CJ

CL

o

t-

ct

ccl

C'

ct

t-

=

a

F

GO

s

LD

l"

-

e

t-

CJ

l-

I

369

TPAOHKH

flNN

PAC'{ETA

MHOTOJIETHHTO

PETYJIHP(IBAHPIfl

CT(IKA

Cr:1,5

Cir,r-0

llpunoffieHae

ll

P-957"

I

li

-

l\-

-f\r

-

rrJ

-Y#

TL

-lqt

Sl

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,9

1,0 1,2

1,4Cv

0

0,2 0,4

0,6 0,9

1,0

1,2

l,4cu

n

YHH

L

R

Vxu

a/

/r4

)n

,IR

1a

Irl

0,8

0,4

2

1,6

1,2

0,9

0,4

I

,'l

I,

0,

0 0,2

0,4

0,6

1,A

1,2

1,4Cu

F,,

2,4

2,0

116

1,2

0,9

p

1,1,1

2,4

an

lru

1R

1,2

0,8

0,4

0

0,2 0,4

0,6

0,9

l,[lmt,

0,2 0,4

0,6

1,0

1,2 1,4Cu

0,4

0,6

0,E

1,0

1,2

U

Cv

2,4

2,0

1R

1,2

0,8

0,4

2,4

2,0

1,6

1,2

0,8

2,4

2,0

1,2

0,8

0,4

F,,

2t

2,0

1,6

lr/

0,9

u,+

0,4

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,9

1,0

1,2

1,4Ca

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,g

1,0

1,,?

1,4Cu

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

/,2

1,4

Cu

Puc.

IIII-1.

fpaQuKH

3aBlrcHMocrn

F*n:

t

(Co,

a)

4.rra

Cs:

l,bce n

r_

0

4

D

4

I

J,D

r9f

--1q!4-

-Pzft"

VI

)'dt

,.,w

:fr

:E

,Z

,+

TZ

370

a

fHH

2,0

IR

1,)

t

rL

0,9

0,4

F,,

z14

2,0

1,5

1,2

0,8

0,4

R

Yt'1H

/14

an

1,u

'tR

1,2

0,6

0,4

n

Pnu

2,r',

2,[l

l

rc,

1,2'

0,tl

0.4

-n\

#

lJ,l

lYo:

t/t

,

fr

->'#

df

)/$;

o

l)xt1 v

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,9

ca 0,? 0,4

0,6 0,6 c,u

0,2

0,4 0,6

0,8

cu

F,,

2,4

2,0

1,6

1,2

0,8

0,4

A

Y

r1H

2,4

)n

t,u

',4

.tt

ttL

0,E

0,1

0,2 0,4

0,6

0,8

Cu

0,2

0,4

0,6 0,8

cu

0,2

0,4

0,5

0,9

cv

a

Y

I,1H

2,4

2,0

1,6

1r2

0,9

0,4

R

ftlH

/,4

2,0

1,6

1,2

0,8

0,4

Frn

,

2,4

2,0

1,6

19

0,8

0,4

\i-+-

Dl,sl

I

0,2

0,4 0,5

0,6

cu 0.2

0,4 0,6

0,6

Cu

0,2

0,4

0,6

ca

Pnc.

I-lll-2.

fpa$Hxra

3aBncr.rrvrocrn

BvH

:

I

(Co,

a)

AJrs

Cls

-

l,5Cou

r

-

0,3

-#

-$A#

Xr kb

+

ry

t:/

i)

t9M

b/l

vv

4rN)

.y

IH

b

v

P:97

%

"l

/.1

#

rytr

t7

37r

n

YHH

2,0

1A

1,2

0,8

0,4

0,2

0,4

0,5

0,9

1,0

1,2

l,4cu,Q

0,2

0,4 0,6

0,9 1,0

2,4

2,0

t8

1'

'tL

na

utu

0,4

0,2 0,4

0,6

0,9

1,0 1,2

1,4cu

P:967.

0,

)

L,

l,

'l

t,

n

U,

n

U.

/o

lrl

/,4

Cu

0

fnH

,/4

?n

1F,

t?

0,8

0,4

n

U

a

P

2,4

2,0

1,6

112

0,9

0,4

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,9

1,0

1,2

1,4

cu

0

0,2 0,4

0,6

0,9

1,0

1,2

1,4

Cu

214

2,0

/,6

l12

0,8

0,4

0

0,2 0,4

0,6

0,9

1,0 1,2 l,4cu

0

0,2

0,4 0,6 0,9

1,0

1,2

l,4cu

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,9 1,0

Puc.

flll-3.

fpaSuKH

3aBr4caMocru

l3mn:

f

(Cora)

gna

Cs:2Cs

v

r:0

2,4

2,0

1,6

l,?

0,8

0,4

1,2

1,4

Cu

P:75

%

J.\

)rY

(r/l

{."/F+++

Xi

s

2,4

2n

IR

t2

)n

7.4

P:80%

i#

-d/-

_q

\i

-t/

-

(x-

\y

74

-t'

)n

,v

?

,'

1,8

1,4

P-85%

l_

-rrrrdr

1_Lfht

G.

I I I

C//l

ri/l

t(T

/+

't'

)n

a

,'

IR

t4

P: 95

"L

s

\-'

II

d

-lqJ

#

d+

Y$

$;

"r:

0 0,? 0,4

0,6

0,9

1,0

1,2

1,4Ca

4

7,,

vt

L

Щавелев Д.С., Васильев Ю.С., Претро Г.А., Резниковский А.Ш. и др. Гидроэнергетические установки

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.