Щавелев Д.С., Васильев Ю.С., Претро Г.А., Резниковский А.Ш. и др. Гидроэнергетические установки
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
flo4seuHste
HA3C,
KaK
H f3C
(cru.
puc.
1-9),
coopylKarorcfl
no olHofr
Hg
rpex
cxeM
-
roJroeHofi,
npoMexyrouilofi
HilH xoHqeeofi.
flpu
ronoeHorl
cxeMe
uaurnuHttfi
3a.r
HA3C
pa3Melqaercfl
B
HaqaJie
AepprBar{rrH
H
ur.rgosort
TyHHeJrb
MoiKer
6ltrn 6o,rrruoft
gnuFrbr,
KaK,
HaripHMep,
ua
HA3C
KpyaxaH
s lUornaHAHr4
u
3exxnHreH
B
OPf.
flp, xoHuenofi
cxex4e
uaruussufi 3aJr
HA3(l
pa3Merqaercr
B
KoHrre
AepHBa-
IIHH,
BepXOBble HanopHbre
BoAoBoAbI
rvrofyr
or{a3arbcq
6oJlruori
AJrHHbr
H
npHxo-
AHTcfl
crpol'rrb
ypaBllHre"ryrHufi pe3epByap,
KaK
oro
cAe.[aHo
Ha
rroA3eMHbrx
HASC
Iaro
tr.e"rrrao
s VranuH
u
llyeHro-Ey6ei;r
n
l4cnauuu,
a HH3oBbre
ryHHeJrH
norvqarorcs
He6o"rynurot?
AJrr{Hbr.
I,{uercrcfl
npHMepbi
noA3er\,rHbrx
HA3C,
nocrpoeH-
Hbrx no npoN{e}KyrouHofi
cxeMe,
Hanp HMep
HA.3C
BuauAeu.
Oco6eHHocrblo
HASC
BToporo
runa
fle"'ifleTc
fl
HaJrvqHe
npr.rror{a
BoAbr
K Bepx-
Hel,ry
6accefiur-. Cpe4HenanopHbre H
Hri3KoHanopHbre
HA3C 3roro
rHna
cpaBHH-
TeJrbHo
qacTo
npeAcTaBJrflroT
co6orl rHApoycraHoBKH,
o6opy-
AoBaHHbre
o6paruMbrMr4
arpera-
TarVrH,
Koropbre Moryr pa6o-
TaTb
Lr
B
TyporiHHoM,
v B
Ha-
cocHoM pe)KHrfax.
I-lo paauoo6pa3HbrM
cxe-
I\dar\{
Motyr
crponTbcr
xoira6u-
Hr.rpoBaHHbre
\-craHoBNu
f3C-
HAOC.
Hanpli.\rep,
B ropHbrx
pafioHax
B BoAoxpailHJrHUde
BbrcoKoHanop
uori fOC
BoAa
MOIKeT
nOAKar{rrBaTbcfl
Haco-
caMH
r43
Ap)'fOfO
BOAOTOKa
vJrH
BonoeMa.
Taxan
cxeNra
BblfoAHa
B TeX
c",'ilr{af.x,
KofAa
BbICOTa nOnI(aqKr4
SHaqHTeJrb-
Ho
MeHbrre
Hanopa
f3C
(puc.
l6- l4). I,lMercrcq
npn-
[gp6uanui
pex(uM
Hacocutri
pe)KuM
tla:99,5%
7t:89,2%
ryr:97,0
7"
\t:99,5%
t70l
-
K.
rL
A. ABHraTeJrfl;
BoAoBOAa;
Io
-
K. n.
A.
reHepaTopa
n.-QQ Co/
,14
JJr!
/o
rl5=
92,5
"A
7t:98'2%
nt:99,5%
8%
724%
2%
Pnc.
16-2.
3:uepro6anaHc
H
rlr
-
K.
n.
A.
rpauc$opruaropa;
11
z
llg
-
K. n.
A.
HaCOCa:
I+
-
K. n.
A.
ryp6unu;
rle
-
K.
n.
A.
@
A3C BuaH4eH
Mepbl
KoMnoHoBKH
coopyxeuufi
f3C u
HA3C,
r(orAa
BoAoxpaHr.rrrgrqe
f]C Hc-
noJlb3yercfl
B KarlecrBe
HHlKHero
6accefiHa
HAOC.
flprErurepoM
Moryr
cJryx{Hrb
Kuencxas
fOC
u
KuescKafl
HA3C. B
oco6yro
rpynny
Hbo6xo4r{Mo
BbrAerrHrb
HASC
B cucreMax
MarIHHHoro
oporxeHprs
H
Bo[r3sps6>xenprs
(crur.
$
16-7).
Ha-
npI'IMep,
HacocHble
craHqHH
Kanana Bo"rra-MocKea
B
rracbr
nHK HarpysKu
cHcreMbl MoceHepro
_p_a6olalor
B
ryp6HHHoM
pe)KHMe.
Hau6o"ilee
pacnpocrpa-
HeHHbTMH
sBJrrrorcfl
HAOC
s
r{HcroM
BHAe.
fiuanazou
Harl_opoB
coBpeMeHHbrx
HASC
Ha]roAr{rcfl.
B
npeAeJrax
or
HecKoJrb-
KHX
MerpoB
Ao
1655
il
Ha crposqefics
n
Ancrpun
HA3C
Drqra"nt
t6gl
u
l7T2 nt
'
I
ryq6ylH_9M
llex{I,IMe
Ha
sKcrrrryarrapyenrorl
|3C-HAOC
Peficcex-Kpofiuex
(crr.
S- ]q-?.
llpaxruxofr.
ycraHoBJreHo,
qro
Hau6onee
sKoHoMHqHo
crpoHrerrb-
crBo HASC
B
HHrepBarle
Hanop_oB
rrpuMepHo
or 100
ao
40A
u.
OAHaxo
abficrByer
vr
crpoHTcr
AoBoJIbHo
MHoro
HA3C KaK
rrpn
MeHbrunx,
TaK
u npu
6o,nuuux
Hanop ax .
HenpepblBHo
yBeflurluBalorcfl
pacxoAbr
BoAbr,
pasMepbr
r{
MorrlHocrb
arpera-
ToB,
a
raK>Ke
)-craHoBJIeHHafl
MoulHocm
HA3C.
tlucno
crpoflrrrr4xcr
H
npoeKTH-
pyeMbIX
B MHpe
oqeHb
KpynHbIX
HASC
c
)'cranoBneusofi
MoulHocriro
1-
2,5 u,nH.
Kzm-yxe
npeBblcu
no_20. Moquocrb
nox;^a
uau6o.ree
KpynHbrx
4eficrnyro-
'ullax
HA3C
Mallr.r
Pau
H BuauAeu
cmraBrrs€)r
800-900
iV{em
(ra6"n.
16:l).
Ha erax x_ApyrHX
coBpeMeHHbIX
HASC
AocrurHyrbr
BbrcoKne
3HarreHur
K. n.
A.
-
0,70-0,75
vr
BbIrIe.
Hanpuuep,
Ha HA3C
BiiaHleH
MaKcHMaJrbHoe
3HaqeHHe
K. n.
A.
cocraBrrner
0,77
(puc.
16-2).
O6uee
qI{cJIo
HAAC
B MHpe
rpulilwxaercfl
x 200,
a
cyMMapHafl
MourHocrb
I,IX BcKope
AocrHfHer
20-25 MIH .
KBm.
Oxo"rro
3/'o
AeficrByroulux
HAOC
cocpeAo-
TorreHo B CIUA
,
f,nonru,
OPI-,
IlleellIla
pHH,
Vranuu-
u AecrpHu,
Koropbre
aKrI{BHo
rpoAoJI}KaIor
Hx
crpoHrb,
flo
HecKoJrbKo
HASC
HMeercfl
B klcaauuu,
303
.:.
:
^O3.
U t\e>
('
Ai1F
v
5,.
v^Ea
L
YSI
5
J$-
,:
! 3,1
-c{?
!
\wr:
n^_vre
=
.-:(
t
>Y!
iY
=
rc
c-r
r
E:^i
:'
=
)\>r
X
er.
O
-
.^ -v
ivsL
.
l;:
-
-.-.2
-^sr
-U^l
^HV
>*li
./
-
|
-
-\=
_-A-
\-/ z
H^+
€
-;k
c.j
-Hv*l
7 ero !
=€
I
-9Yo-
r''
--v
--
k
>Sr.Lotj
U
..=
E
(.4
r-)
f-
r;
E
r=
n
f
"'
d\
Jj
cn
';
Flr
r1
A
!d)
.,^^.
)'6
-
A
l- t-.
7
II
t-
()A
CY)
E
CEv
<o
r)<r
F
F<
=--
c)
rO
t--
Ocot'-OOC)O
! TA
uJv\Jvv
:D-n6I(.O(3LOO
C)
O [\
rl]
t--
c)
co
t\ cJ
Lo
C\
6I
C\
o rr-
<)
O(OC\
c\l
+
6l
tO
t-
t--
#
O)
LO
6l
(O
Al 6l C\
*
6i
C.l
cO
qOOOOHOO()IOO:E:EF
(-)
c- o.
o. o.
x
o.
c-
a
t
g
E R ?
v
g
ooooo\rocc
-
F
EEEEEEEE EE€F-EF
i)2.
c\t
C.l
61
6l
OI C\ 6l C.l C\
.a
C\
^l
cO
cO
LJr
+
rA
s!vvvvvvvvvvvg/
tr)
C\ O
<)
O
t--
oO
O
tO
O
O
O
(o'<F
+
rO
-
6l
(o
O
@
-
+
O
oO
O)
O
tr) cO
O
C\
O)
6I-GlH
rr)OOcOOOcO6l+S-cQorr)
O)
'<
eO cA
6l
tO
f.- O)
tI)
O
H
rr]
s'
rO
-*C\tC\61
c\lco+$t-=g
+
t
<1
cO
t-.. O) O
6l
-
+
trJ
O) f.-
-
.+
6t
f.-
F- t--
f.-
(o
(o
tr- l-- F.-
(o
f.-
(o (o
f.-
(o
f.*
AAA
u, v) v) v) vJ vr v.
vr
v) v) vr va vJ v) 9) vJ
i--iH--#<i-d<-
i-
oP
X<
(Jo
:'=
LJ.
F
U
F
:s
\o
x
Q
cl)
5
}(
E
(u
€
(u
F
Q)
(c
\
s
\o
F
(30)@<t$@co@
+tr)
6l
F-
G) *$
;5<
o>
EH5
E{l
oo
L>
U
d)
r-
cn
U
t.J
lr{
(g
trl
o
c)
E
tDpuHIIHI'1,
BenHNo6p
LrraHvIH,
Llexoc
noBaluu,
fAP,
Bpasu.,utr.
Be4erc.a
u
Ha-
e
Apyrux
crpaH
MHpa
[69, 70
].
B
uaurert
noA
feHunrpa4.oM
(puc.
l6-l),
n Vrpa
pecnylnvrxax.
B
nepByro
oqepeAb
6ViV
/r(ocraToqHo
xopotuHe
3KoHOMHI{eCKHe
noKa3are,rrH
H
HaxoAflTCfl
e6nugu
or
Tex
I{ll\/ll
tteulltlx
ueHTpoB norpe6,tleHI4fl
oJreKTpl.rqecxol.i
s}{epf
r{H,
fAe
Bo3Hr{Kaer
tleo6xoAl'lMocTb
3anoJIFIeII14tI
r,'ry6olioro
HorrFroro
npoB.aJra
Irarpy3Krr
H norpe6-
ILoclb
B
"ruIIiBi4/Iar\HLr
4eQltqr.ira
nt{KoBbIX
N,IoulHt)crer?.
' J
16-2.
Hcll
0
JlbS0BA[l
14
E
FIAC
0CH
0-AKKvM
yJI
HP
y
milIfi
X afl
EKTp
0CTAH
UH
il
B
SHEPTOCHCTEMAX
Hacocno-aKKyMyJrHpyIouIHe
ofieI(TpocraHuHr.r
HCno,,rb3yiorcr
B
oHeproc,-
creMe:
l)
rilfl
nol{pblrHfl
nHI{oB
Harp yslu;
2)
AJlfl,
noBbrrueHrifl
Mr.rHgrvra.nbHofi
Hafpy3KlI
3Hepfocl'IcreMbl
B
HOtIHbIe
rlacbr
cyroK;
3) B r(aqecrBe
6trcrpoeeficrnyro-
ulero
I(parKoBpeMeHHoro
aBapattuoro
pe3epBa;
4)
B
KaqecrBe
ci{HXpoHHbrx
KoMneHcaropoB
AJIr
yJyr{ueHuff
cos
q
aHeprocr4cleMbr.
Hacocno-aKKyMy,'rrrpyrc-
Lusq
3Jlel{rpocraHuHfl
pa6oraer
noneper,IeHHo
ro
Ei
HacocHoM,
ro
u
iypOt,nnot
pexiliNlax.
B
nepHoA
TIoHHX(eHHbIx
Harpv3oK
3Frepro.o,.r."n,rri
HA3C'prOoial,
B
Hac.ocFroM
pe)r{Hrvre,
noTpe6nser
3I{epfI4iO
LI
Tet\,{
CaMbIIvI
nOBbIIUaeT
,!:"1,
r\,ir4rruuanuuyro
Harpy3Ky
aHepro_
,r,
I fy,z
To
cucrer,{br.
B
qacbr
rrr.rK
Harpy3Krr
I EL_,
t00
HAOC
pa6oraer
B
ryp6uuHonr
pe>KHMe
H
OTAaeT
eJreKTpHqecKyro
3Heprr4ro
B 3HeprocucreMy.
Cxe-
Marzqecxufi
cyro.rurrfi
pe>KHM
pa-
6orn
HASC
noKa3aH
Ha
pac.
1O-3.
B
eHeprocncreMax
c 6onnuuu
yr,errbHbrM
BecoM
A3C,
T3U,
KOC
6a
c KpyrrHbrMn
6noxauu
Ha
3ar{pu-
rHqecKne
rrapaMerpbr
rapa
Tex_
Hu,{ecxuri
MHHHMyM
HarpysKu
l
MolKer
npeBbrc,rb
ry
*ourfid.r",
t"';,lf
?;iffi?iT[b|*
lJ;;_tu;h"#'ffiA'6
I(oropafl
Hy)KHa
^norpe6HTe,rlflM
1
_
uacoc^n*i p"*"irr-,
_
B
ycnoBr{flx
HeAocraroq_
arleKrpoaHeprurz.
B
raKrax
3Hep-
;I3ifi#'J3""*H;ir*f""
161--.Io!9.."
noAbeMa
rocl4creMax pa6ora
FlacocoB
B
ryp6nuHou pe)KHMe
foi
I{
cKopocrtt
cHHx(eHHff
Hor{Hbre
r{acbr
oKa3brBaercn
BecbMa
n"o:i#J..#:rli$d,"T"qlf
Harp-v3KHoo.rlirli,oorn*
)Ke,rIaTeJInHOt?
,
TAI<
KaK
npH
STOM
>Ke
B HacocHoM per)KHMe
noBbllraercn
Harpy3r(a
c'creMbr
iaXrff#ilJ"*
J.',f""#'
14
o6ecneqr{BaForcfl
TexHHrrecKH
Aonycrl'IMble
pex(I4Mbl
pa6orlt
renJroBblx
3JreKTpocr:auqraft.
Ecnu
B TaKHx
cr4-
creMax
ilI{KH HafpV3KH
ocTpble
u 6onrrune,
To
noAbeM
Harpy3KH
Ter.[oBbrx
3JreK-
TpocraHryuia
Mox{er
He
nocneBarb
3a
6trcrpttnr
pocroM
eJreKrponorpe6neHr{fl.
Bo
ue6e>xaHue
HeAonycrl{Moro
cHH}KeHI,Ifl
qacrorbr
toKa
HacocHo-aKKyMyJrgpyro-
urHe
aJIeKTpocraHIrLIH
HarrHHa[or pa6oratn
B
reueparopHoM
pex(HMe
Ha noAbeMe
Hafp y3
KH.
!,onycrrwafl,
cKopocrb
cHH>KeHHr
Harpy3KH
Ten,rroBbrx
crasqufi
Mox{er
6urn
MeHbIxe
cKopocru
cHH>KeHHfl
Harpy3KH
oHeprocuc'reMbr.
Bo
Hs6exaHue
HeAo-
nycruMoro
..
yBeJIHqeHHfl
qacrorbr
roKa
Mox(er
norpe6oBarbcfl
nepeBoA
HAAC
B
sacocsutl
pex{HM
B HaqaJre
cnaAa
Harpy3KH.
Tilxofi
pe)KHM
pa6oru
HAOC
noKa3aH
Ha
pHc.
16-4,
H3
Koroporo
BIIAHo yfiyqueHr4re
pelxunra
pa6orbr
rerJroBbrx
crauqufi
3a cl{er
1) yne.rruqeHnfl
MHHHMannHort
r{
yMeHbrrreHr{r
HX
MaKcuua"nluofi
HarpysKu;
2) yMeHbIxeHHfl
cKopocru noAbeMa
r{ cHH}r(eHHfl
Lrx
Harpy3KH.
305
B
pe3yJlbrare
npoucxolHT
BbIpaBHHBaHHe
pelKHMa
pa6orrr
renJroBbrx
gJreK-
rpocraH]0J./-fL,
tlro
cVUecrBeHHo
cHHXaer yAe/rbnrbte
pacxonbr
ronJruBa.
flosrorr,1y
pacxoA
Ton/lHBa B sHeprocHcreMe
AoBoJrbHo
qacr()
yMeHbllraeTcf
,
HecMorpfl
Ha To,
IITO
HacOcHO-aKKyhIyr'IHpyloql4e
sJIeKTpocTaHIII4t,I
noTpe6nsrur
sHeprr4H
Ha 25-
30% 6o.nrrue,
r{eM
orAaror
B cucreMy.
MourHocrb
HAOC
sau6onee
noJrHo HcrroJrb-
3yercr
B
AHr4
c noBbl[IesHofi
Harpysxofi
gHeprocncreMbr.
Hau6onee
aKoHoMHq-
Hofi
cquraercfl
pa6ora
HA3C n
ryp6uHHoM
pex{taMe
B
reqeHr4e
2-.4
q
Lr B
Hacoc-
Hox{
-
6-7
q
B
c}'rKLI. B
nepuoAbl
cesoHHoro
cHH>KeHHr
Harpy3KH
gHeprocu-
creMbr,
a
raK)Ke
B npa3r,HHr{Hbre
AHH
HarpysKa
HAOC yMeHb[raercfl
HHorAa
Ao
HVJIf .
Arperartt HA3C Moryr pa6orarr
B
pexr4r\{e
cHHXpoHHoro
KoMneHcaropa,
Bblpa6ararcara
peal{ruBHyto
oHeprulo.
3ro ro3BrcJifler yflyqrrrarb
pe)Kr4M
Harpfl-
2KeI{Hfl
B sHepfOCHCTeMe
H yMeHbrIr4Tb
rrorepH
sHeprHpr
B 3JreKTpOCerflX.
f]pra
pa6ore
B
pelKI4Me
cuHxpoHHoro
KoMneHcaropa'ryp6nHa
Bpauaercfl
Bxo,'rocryro
B Bo3Ayxe, a
aJIeKrpHqecKafl
MaruHHa pa6oraer
rrepeBos6yx<4eHHbrM
aJreKrpoABH-
rareJleM
v norpe6"rrfleT
H3
ceru
ue6o"nruoe
KoJrur{ecrBo
oJreKTpogHeprun.
Taxofi
pe)Kr{M
Bo3Mox{eH B re
AHH
H
r{acbr
cyroK,
KorAa,[aHuuli
arpefar
HAOC ue
pa6o-
TaeT HH B feHepaTopHoM,
HV B
HaCOCHOM pe>KHMaX.
MoutHocrs
HacocHo-aKKyMyJrHpyIorrIHx
sJrerKrpocrasuufi
Mox{er 6url uc-
noJrb3oBaHa
B r(aqecrBe
6rrcrpo4ericrnyrcuero
anapufiHoro
pesepBa
aHeprocu-
creMbt.
Ecna HA3C ue
pa6oraer,
To Bcr
ee
Moul,Hocrb
no reHeparopaM flB"rrsercfl
pe3epB9Y,
_B^
nepuorXbt pa6ortt
B HacocHoM pex{HMe
pe3epBHpyroulafl
cnoco6-
Hocrb HAOC
noBbrrlaercfl.
IIpt aBapHH
B
cucreMe
B arr{ nepr4oAbr arperarbr
6lrcrpo
ilepexoAflr H3
HacocHoro
B ryp6uHulrrt
pexr{M,
H
pe3epB
ilorvrraercfl
paBHbtM
cyMMe
MoulHocru,
norpe6,rrssuerics
Hiacocaruu,
H
MourHocru
reHeFa-
ropoB.
16-3. BbrEop
ycTAFtoBflEHHofi
MoUHoCTH
HASC
B
cessH c
pocroilI
a6co.rttotuofi
serLIqHHbr
TIHKoB Harpy3KH
fiorpe6uocrr
aHeprocucreM
B nrd-
xonoii Bblcor(oMaHeBpeHHofi
rvrouuocrr,r.
oJr_eKTpocraHur{fi
or
foAa K roAy
Bo3pacraer.
floaronry
upn
eur6ope
ycraHoBJreHuor?
il{otilHocru
HAOC
HaAo yrrurbrBarb
orAaJreHHyro
nepcneKruBy. fluxn
da-
rpy3KH Mofyr
noKpblBarb
rHApocraHrIHH,
HacocHo-aKKyMyJrHpyrouue
gJrer(TpocraHrruH,
rasoryp6nn-
Hbre
craHrrufi, cnequa.[bHbre
nHKoBbre
K3C.
HacocHo-aKKyMyJIHPyrcurue
o/reKrpocraHuHH,
o6uquo
He:
Tpe6yrcT
Bo3BeAeHHs
AopornX
nJroruH
B
pycJle
peKH.
I( rorvry
)Ke
n;lolqaAb
3aronJreHufl
y
HLrx
sHa.r[ieabHo
MeHbrue,
qeM
y-6onruruHcrBa
ruApoeJreKrpocraHufy,
^llorToMy
npn
oAHHaKoBoM
Hanope
crogMocrb
oAHoro
ycraHoBJreHdoro
xu-
JIOBarra
MOilIHOCTH
HASC
.4p nO.nyuaercq
3HarILITeJrbHo
M€Htrlrre,
qeM
AJIfi
rHApocraH[HH.
O6rtuuo,
qeM
Bbt[Ie Hanop,
TeM
MeHb[re
KaK
cpeAHqs
croui,4ocrb
.A.,
rax u
cror.rMocrb
dr
Ao-
noJIHI4reJIbHoro
KrlJIoBarra
HA3C.
V
BucoxoHanopHbrx
H,,A,3C
npu 6naronpHErHbrx npupoAHbrx
yqtloBHflx
crol'tMocrb
ycraHoBJIeHHofo
KgJroBarra.4p
no.nyqaercq
MeHbrrre,
r{eM
y
renJroBbrx
gJreKTpo-
crauuuri.
tIP" saAaHHoM_-vpaBHe
B
pexuMe
3Hepronorpe6.rrenufl
B oHeproclrcreMe
yBerriqeHne
ycraHoB-
neuHofi
MouIHocrH HAgC
cBs3aHo
c
yBeflnqeHHeM
AJrHTe.[bHocrr.r
ee
pa6orsr
(p"..
l6-3)
ll
uoerol,ry,
o6H.IIro
rpe6yer yBeJrHqeHHrr
3arpar
no
BceM ee
coopyxeHuflM
u o6opygoBaHuro,
BKfltoqafl
yne"uu-
qeHHe
eIlIKocrH
BepxHe_ro. H
_HLtx{Hero
6accefiHos.
B crouMoc:Tb
AorroJIHHTeJrbHoro
KHJIoBarra
ycra-
HoBJIeHHoti
tuourHocrn HA3C
BXoArr
KanvrraJrbHbre
BJrox(eHHfl:
l)
no
yBeJrHqeHHro
eMxocrra
6accefi-
uon;
2) no BoAonpHet\'{HlrKarra,
rpy6oy-p.opqAaM,
3AaHHro
u otsopy4oBaHuro
HA3C.
llpn
erou
croir-
Mocrb
AonoJIHHTeJIbHoro
KHJIoBarra
HAOC
ar oKagbrBaerct
Jntrrb
HeMHofo
MeHbrue
-cpe1ueft
crou-
Iuocru
Ar
xunosarra ee
ycraHoB"{esuofi
MolrlHocru.
VeenHqeHHe
or_roAa
K roAy
IIHKoB
{alp_ygKH
gHeprocncreMbr
no3BoJrfler
c reqeHuer'vr
BpeMeHH
HcnoJlb3oBarb
Bce 6o,utruyio
MotqHocrb
HA3C
a.nq
noxpbtrHfl nr.rKoB
6es
yBeaHqeHHq
eMKocrH
p$epByapon.
B
raKot\,t
c"[yqae ornaAaror
3arparbr
Ha
yBe/rHqeHHe
eMKocrr.r
6acceftHoB,
crouMocrb
AonoJIHHTeJIbHoro
KH,rloBarra
MotilHocrr
ey HASC
craHoBuTcs
MeHbure
H
pagHaqa
Mex<Ay
Ay
u
a,
yBeflIrIrHBaercfl.
OAsaxo
rarafl
ronoJIHI4TeflbHaq
MorrrHocrb
rlroxer
6urru lrinonrsoBaHa
Aar
rroKpbr-
THg
n_HKoB Harpy3KH
JILurb
qep-e3
HecKoJrbKo
JIer,
KorAa
nlaKH craHyr
6o.nuue H ocrpee.
VcraHoeneHHax
MotrrHocrb
HASC
onpe4e.nrercs
Ha
ocHoBe rexHHKo-oKoHoMrrqecKux
pacqeroB.
Ha
Anyx-Tpex
pacrlerHbtx
ypoBHflx
oJleKTponorpe6JreHufl
npoH3BoAHTcfl
noKpbrrue
rpa6uxon
na-
rpy3KH
sHeprocHcreMbt
npx Hecr{oJrbKHX
BeJr-HrruHax
ycraHoereHuort
MorrlHocru
HA3C.
[.nn
nep-
Boro ypoBHs
Hs
ycJIoBHs (5-186)
onpeAeJrsercs
eMKocrs
6accefiHos Ve H ycraHoBneHHas
noquociu
Nt
nepnofi
ouepe4n
FIA3C.
flpune4enHble
oarparbr
3r
Ha
r(onoJrHHTeJrbHbrfi
xn.lonarr Mor.qHocru
Bo3pacralor
noroMy,
rITo
xax4ltfi
AoloJrHl4Tenuuufi
ry6ouerp eMKocrH
rpe6yer
sce
6oflrruHx
KanH-
TaJroBJroxesuri.
I{e.necoo6pa3Hocrb
yB_erll4qeHl,lrr
MoulHocrra
HA3C
cnepx
il1
onpe[eJrflercfl
no
ycJroBun
(5-33)
npu
nn6pauHofi
eMKocrH
Vs faccefiHou.,
flpu
groM
oMeprnJrr:eMbrMn
oKagbrBarcTcs
Kanurd,non"uoxe-
3m
Hun
at
no
Harlop,loyy_63::..i:I::ornran
HAOC,
orBoAnureMy
K,aHarry
ri
r.
n.
Crouuocrr
ooopyAoB;r
HHR
BXOAL4T
B
Q", TaK
KaK
afpefaT
MoX<HO
H3rOT
AHM'
ani
'".pio.".r."u.
B
xaqe*se
3aMeH'reM#ffi?ffiT:i#XT,ffX#Hr:iTf"il"rX'-""tJr";
;:;#."##
Jirffi;
[?3iT:1T."o
,"";;;
npn
pa6ore
lFracocoB
yAer,rbHsrfi
pacxor
ronJrnBa
pacxoAa
ron.rruBa
6aeHcuurx
KOC,
a sKoHoMHlo
aIOT
nO
nonHorvly
yAe,,rbHoMy
pacxolv
sar4eHqeMorl
EOU
NPN6JIH}KrSHHH
CqHTATOT,
qTO
NPH
YBCJIHTICHHH
B oHeprocrzcreMe
He
MeHserca.
flpla
3ToM
B
ypaB-
3HaqHTeJIbH0
ynpoulaeT
pacrreTbr.
16.4,
ATPETATbI
HASC
PasflH'{arcr
rpH
ocHoBHbIx
CXeMbr
afpefaroB,
ycraHaBJrr.rBaer,rhrx
Ha
HA3c (puc.
l6-5):
l)
pas-
IeJIbHafl
ycTaHoBKa
KOHCTpVKTHBHO
He
cBfl3aHHbrx
npyr
C
npyrorvf
AByxN{aUlHHr{brx
afpefaToB,
T'
e'
HacocoB,
coeAHHeHHbtx
co
cBoHMH
3JreKTpoABr.rfareJr
fl.Mt4,
t4
ruaporyfi6uH,
coerlr.rHeHHbrx
c
fe-
Heparopaun
1;
2)
rpexivrau14HHafl
c
HacocoM
u
ryp6unori,
yciuiroun."norr4H
Ha oxHoilr
Barry
c
cHH-
6)
d)
=-
QT
Qr-
Qr*
Puc.
16-5. Cxevrbl
BeprHKa,'IbHbtx
arperaroB, ycraHaBJrnBaeMbrx
na HASC:
a
-
pa3Ae.rrbHaq
cxeNra;
o
-
Tpexi\rauHHHas
cxerua;
6
-
AByXMa[rr4HHafl
cxeMa
./
-
eaextpoABHrarena;
2
;;_rn{PoreHeparop;
3
-
o6p,arHMaq
cHHxpoHHar
3JreKrp[qecKafl
MaurHHa
peBep-
cHBHoro
4et'icrsua;
4
-
o6par.nuan
rxApoMaqrnHa
(uacoco-ryp6riHa);
5
-
ecicHBaroqe-orcacbrBarcularr
tpy6a
Hacoco-ryp6uHu; 6
-
uy6ra
cqerneHyll";Jf#lri#%.ril.?
8
-'orcacbrBalouras
rpyoa;
e
:-;;A;;
xpoHnoft 3JI_eKTpuqecxoil uauruHofi;
3)
leyxlrauHHHaq
c o6parrurr,rofi
rr.rApaBJrH,recxofi
uarunuofi
(uacoco-ryp6uHofi), ycraHoB.nensofi
Ha oAHoM
BaJry
c cHHxponrnofi
enexrpuvecxofi
uauruuofi.
flpu erolt.B
rpex- H
AByxMaruuHsoft
cxeMax HcnoJrb3yercs
csoficrno o6paruMocru
cuHxpoHHofi
3reKTpHrlecKoti
MaIITHHbI,
pa6orarcu1efi
nonepeMeHHo
To
KaK sJreKTpoABr{rareJlb,
To
KaK reHeparop,
H
peBepcHBHoro
AeIicrBHs,
T. €.
BpauIeHHfl
B nporl{BonoJrox{Hbre
cropoHbr.
A. Pas.qenuHan
cxema
PasAeflrHas cxeMa
ycraHoBKla
arperaroB nplrMeHsJracb
Bnpenb
Ao
nofiBJreHilq
AByx
ApyrHx
cacreM.
B nocneAHee
BpeMff B
cBfl3l{
co crpollre.[scrsoM
HA3C, HMeroulux
ABa
Bepxriax
6ac-cbfina
c
pa3Hoft
Bblcoroft noAKarIKH, a raKx{e
xou6uur.rpoBaHHbrx ycraHoBox
|3C-HAOC-u
npHMeHeHHeM
pa3rurlHblx
no MourHocru
arperaroB, pa3AeJrhHafl
ycraHoBKa
HatcocoB
u
'ryp6uu
cHoBa
craJra
pac,
rrpocTpaHflTbcfl.
!,nn
pas4eltnofi cxeMhl xapaKTepHbl
BbIcoKI4e
Hanopbl H ycraHoBKa
KoBruoBbrx ryp6un.
Mour-
Hocr!
ruAporyp6uH
npu
pa3AeJlbHoft
cxeue noKa He
npeBbfitraJra 70-80
Mem,
a
pacxoAbr
-
l0
ttslcerc:
npI{MepaMH
B aroM
orHoureHuH
cJIy}Kar HASC
I-lpaurep Bo OpaHuun
u
TupQel
e
IIIseft=
uapHH
(pnc.
l6-8).
Ha
grrcoxoHanopHux
HAOC
ycraHaBJluBalorcfl
B 6onurusucrBe c/ryqaeB
MHorocryneHqarbre
Hacocbr
(ao
8-9 cryneueri),
ocnoeuHbre
Atrfl
HanopoB
ao
1000
tt
u
6onee. Hanpuuep, Ha l3C-
HAOC
Peficcex-Kpofiuex 8-cryneuuarble
Hacocbr
paccqHraubr
Hzr Harop
1070
a.
Kax,aas
cryneHb
MHofocryrreuqarbrx
HacocoB
paccrlHTblBaercs
Ha
npeoAoJreHrre Hanopa,
KaK npaBHJro, s. 100-
200
u, a
LIHorAa
z
6onee
-
Ao
250-275
u.
Tlo sapy6exubrM
AaHHbrM
oAHocryneHqarbre
Hacocbl
paccqurbrBarorcrr Ha rrpeoAoJreHue Hanopa
4o
400 ,u
[70].
KoeSSuuueur
6ucrpoxoAHocru
AJrfl
o4Hofi crynenu Hacocil
paBeH:
3,65n
lf[
Q,
rIle
n
-cKopocTb
BparqeHl.Ifl,
o4uoft
cryneuH,
,.r.
Lr-
,
/
Hto
o6lnuni
Q"
-
pacxon,
Hacoca,
ut\/cerc', Ho
(
16-
1)
-
AllHaruuqecxnft
Hanop
tls:
7
I
I
!,ononrHo
'racro
B
TexHuqecKoft
JIIITeparype
ory
cxeMy
Ha3bIBaIor
qerHpexMaurl4Hl{off.
307
KoeQQr4UueHr
KaBHraUun
A.rtq
HacocoB
MoX(eT 6rtrl
BbIpa]KeH
qepe3
^
3f-;
o:
(180
-
220).10-o
V
"?
.
(t6-2)
HH>r<suii
npe;1e.n
,ilIcJ{erjHoro
xoerpQHur4eHTa
ort{ocHTcfl K
JIyqtIIHl\{,
a Bepxsnli
-
K xyAIIrI4M
KarrecrBat\,t
l{acoca.
3rH
sHaqeFrIrE;1,'t'I
KaxAoro
I{oHl(perHofo
rvna
Hacoca npHBoAflTcfl
B KaraJlofax.
liuorocryneHlrarbre
Hacocbr
HcnoJrb3yrorcfl
AJIn
ycraHoBKH
Ha
llblcoKoHallopHblx
HA3C
H
npfi
Tpex'
u auruHsoii
cxelue.
6.
TpexuauHHHaH
oxema
llpr-i
rpext\{auIliriHoii
cxelre
na
o6ulenr
ropH3or{TaJrbItoN{
pIJIH
BeprHKaJIbHol\{
BaJIy
ycraHaBJIH-
Baprcfl
Tpr.r
Mauggbr
-
uacoc,
ryp6nua
H cHHxpoHHarr
oJIeKTpHqect(afl
I\'la[IIdHa,
Koropble
cocraB'
Jrrrc.r
elusL,rri
arperar,
pa6orarourr.ui
'ro
e
ryp6uHHoM,
To B
HzlcocHoM
pe>KHMe.
fIpr.r iopueoirantrroii
xounoHoBKe
nocepe,qHHe
ycraHaBJrHBaercfl
cltHxpoHHat
9JIeKTpoMaujuHa,
pa6orarourar ro
B reHeparopHorr,
To B
ABurareJrbHoM
pex(HMa)(.,
j^lioropofi
xecrxo
coeAHHeHa
ryp-
6rru,
u
Hacoc
coeAuHfe'I'cl
qepe3
My$ry
cllenlleHnfl
(prEc. l6-6).
Brrcoruoe
noJrolKeHHe
arpetara
onpeAeJrsercs
HacocoM,
Aafl
Koroporo
no_ycJloBHflM
6ecranu'
TarrHoHHoir
pa6ortr
ueo6xo4urr,ro
6o"nuuee
earny6JreHue
rroA
ypoBeHb
HI4>KHero
6seQa,
qeM
AJIfl
Typ-
6HHlr.
floerol,1y
npH
Bepruxanusoli
KoMnoHoBKe
BHLI3y
pasl\{eqaercs
Hacoc, BbILUe
Hefo
ycrpaH-
Baror Myqry
cqerrJreHgq,
saret,r
pa3Meulaercl
ryp6vra
H Ha caMoM
Bepxy
HaxoAHTcfl
cI4HXpoHHafl
arreKrpr.rqecKa.fl
Maur.{Ha
(pnc.
!6-9).flpz
pa6ore a
ryp6uHHox,r
pex<HMe Hacoc
orKJI}oqaercfl,
a
B
Ha-
cocHoM
pelKr.rMe, uo
us6ex{aHne
6o,rrrurux
norepb,
BoAa
Hs cnl4paJIbHoft
xamepH
ryp6uHbl
yAaJlflercs
c rroMoulblo
c>KaTofo
Bo3Ayxa.
Bpeun
nycKa
g
rreDer{Jr}oqeHrrs
r{3
oAHoro
pex{HMa
pa6orur e
4pyrofi
o6ltqHo
He npeBblL[aer
0,b-
l',5
nuu..
Btr6op
q"c.4a
o6oporon
H
rro
Bo3NroxiHocrn
uala(5o,ree
onrHtrila.IlbHblx
ycJloeufi
pa6otrt
rvp6uHr,r
H Hacoca
rpexNlauHHHO|O
afpefaTa
lo,'iir{Hbt
npoH3BOAI'lTbCt
napaJIJIeJIbHO,
TIOCKO/IbI{y
ouu
Oyayr
pa6orarb
rra
oxF{oM BaJry
c cr4HXporrsoi.r
a.nexrpoMa[rusofi
o6uqHo npH
oAHHaKoBoM
r{HCJIe
o6oporoe
flprarr,Iepul
HA.3C,
nocrpoeHHbrx
c
rpexN,raurHHHblr\{H
arpertlTaMH,
oxBarblBarcT
uHp_oKHx
Auana'
3oH
r{anopoB
or 50
ao
1000,12;
pacxoAbr srnx
arperaroB
noxa
He
npeBbluIaJIH
30-35
u7lcerc.
no
Hacroflulefo Bper\leHu
npuMeHflJracb
ycraHoBKa
Kat{
KOBTTIOBbT:f,,
TaK
V
paniHailbHo-oceBbtx
ryp6un,
Ho renepb
nocrreAuue
npH
Hanopax
ao
400-500
a
B
Tpexx{auruusoti
cxe}Ie
npu_MeHqlorcfl
pex{e,
locKoJrbKy
6o"uee
npocrbfi
u
gxoHol{raqHofi
fln./r.flercr
AByxIvIauLIHHatI
cxetvla
c
o6parlrMbllul'l qry!-
irtu"r.
flp"
6o.nguux
xone6auuflx
ypoBHfl
HHX(Hero
6ieSa,
xapaKrepHblx
nrfl
_MHorHx
HAOC,
aQ$exrrannbcto
KoBtrroBbrx
ryp6uH cHuiKaercq
no cpaBHeHHIo
c
peaKrI4BHbtMH
ryp6unarnlt.
Konuro-
nlre
ryp6untr
ycraHaBrrHBarorcfl
HaA
HaHBbIcrIIlM
ypoBHeM
HH>KHero 6reQa,
Hx Hanop
onpeAe'
Jrqercs
paaunuefi orMeroK
BepxHero
6se$a
n
KoBua
ryp6uulr,
ttogroMy
B IIepHoA
noHHX{eHHblx
yposnefi HI{x(Hero
6te$a
Hanop ryp6uu
He
yBeJIl4quBaercfl.
B
conpenaeHnbrx
ycJroBHflx
np14
Haflopax
Bbrure
650 n
Bo3Mo]KHa
ycraHoBKa roJIbKo
KoBIIIoBbIx
ryp6raH H Heue6exHa
rpexMaurlrHHafl
t4lfi
pagryeJlbuaff KoMnol:IoBKa
afperaroB,
TaK KaK
KoBIxoBbIe
ryf
6uurr
He
Moryr
pa6oraru
B
HacocHoiu
pexuttle
r.
Hau6o.lee
MoulHbre
BepruKaJlbHbre
TpexMaruHHHbre
arperaTbl
c
KoBtuoBHuu
ryp6HHaMI{
ycra'
HaBJrr,rBarorcfl
Ha crporuteficrr
oqeHb xpynnofi
HASC
JIaro
,[[,e,.rno
-
no
I30
Mem, a
ropH3oHTaJIb'
Hirre
c
paAr.raJrbHo-ocesururu
ryp6lru-auu
pa6_oranr
-Ha
xpynnefiruefi
Lts
tIHcJIa
3Kc[JIyaTHpyeMbIx
B Mlrpe-HA3C
BHaHAes
-
ro
100 Mem
(ra6,rr.
16-l).
B.
.[eyxmaunnnan
cxerma
fiuyxrrlaurplHHaff
cxeMa
npeAycMa'rpHBaer
ycraHoBKy
o6patultux
arperaroB,
T. €. oAHofi
ru-
4pan.rrraiecrofi
NraurHHbr
-
nacoCo-ryp6lrnu,
coeAnHen_sofi
_
c cuux_poHnofi
3JlexrpoMaruunotl
(p"..
16-12
u
16-13). HcxoAs
H3 onrr.rMaJrbHbrx
ycnonufi
pa,6ortt typ6uHsr
H
Hacoca, noc.ne4uuii
AoJr)KeH
6tr.n
6tr
HMerb cKopocrb
Ha l5-250/o
6onsure
HJIH npuMepHo
Ha croJlbKo >xe ueuurutlfi
pacxoA.
flocxo.urxy
y
o6parurtlnx
arpefaroB
Hacoco-Typ6nna
flBJIflercfl
ennHblM
ueJIbIM,
nu6op
onrsrtnannHbrx
ycJroeuri
ee
pa6oru
KaK
B ryp6ttuHoM,
TaK
H
B
rlacocHoM
pelKHI!{aX
cTaHoBI{Tcf
cJlox-
noft
gaAa,IeI?.
Ecnn
opl{eHTupoBarbcfl
Ha onruMaJrbHoe
qucflo
o6oporon
s
o6o}ix
pe}KHMax,
To
Heo6xoAHMo,
,rro6nr
e.rrexipuuecKa.rr
MarxHHa
r\{orJra
pa6orarr
npl.l
AByx
cfiopocrtlx
BpauIeHHq.
Ha
HecKoJIbKHx
HASC
ycraHoBJreHbr
raKue
AByxcKopocrHbre
Marrrnnbr, Koropble,
oAHaKo,
He
noJIyqHJIH
pacnpocrpa-
HeHHs, TaK KaK
oHH HMeror 6o.nr,rue
ra6apurlt,
Ha
40-60n/o
Aopoxe
oAHocKopocrHblx'
a
K. n.
A.
LIx
MeHbIue
Ha 2*30/0.
!,pyrun,1
pe[reHneM Bonpoca
qBilqercq
npHMeHeHHe
HoBbI:K
o6parnnaux
rl{ApoarperaroB,
HMelo-
Itux
Ani
pa6ounx
KoJreca
-
HacocHoe
I{]yp_6HHHoe.
\__"*-qHcJIy
oruocsrcfi, B
qacrHocrll,
arperarbl
runa <<I,Isbxupu,
ycraHoB.rreHHbre
Ha HASC
Po6neii e lllsefiuapvr
v rurla
<foHo,
3anareHToBaHHbte
s
tlexocfloBaKar
t691.
O6paruuue
ai.perarbr
[oJryqHJrH
trrHpoKoe
pacnpocrpaHeHfle,
TaK
KaK
HX
croHMocrb
no cpaBHe-
HHro
c
TpexMarrHHHbrMH
arperaraMH
yMeHbuaeTcff
Ha
BeJIuqHlHy
AO
20-300/o, a SKOHOMI"Ifl
B
[eJIoM
1
flosennucb
cBeAeHHfi
o
paspa6orKe
3a
py6exorrr BbtccKoHanopHbIx
l\{HorocryneHqaTblx
o6pa-
rl{Mbrx
Marrr?IH
(uacoco-ryp6uu).
308
\\
\1
\J
\EO
o
$ir.
t{,t
\
\\
u
^uj^
\"i-?
nUFl
Puc.
16-6.
HA3C
Hra4epeapra
(fAP)
c
rpexMaruHHbrr\u.r ropn3oHra,rbHbrMll
arperaraNrH,
pacflo-
nox{eHHbl\rH
="i8,T#i*"}:l"y
frstiulf,,;,':t:':"#.Fj,jlo?logi2':',;n2'5
tt'
Qr
:
1-'scacuBatoqafl
rpySa Hacoca; 2
-
Hacoc
ABycropoHHefo
nr{TaHHn;
3
-
coe4uHHTeJIbHar
wybra;
4
-
cHHXpoHHaq
greKTpoMarxr.IHa;
5
-
paguaJrbHo-oceBax
ryp6uua',
6
-
orcacblBalou{aq rpy6a
ryp6uuut;
7
-
fHAponoA'beMHr4K; 8
-
rosroertfli
xpau
4nn
o6c.nyIKHBaHHr
3arBopoB H
peuerKHi
9
-
na3
perrlerKx
H
peMoHT-
Hor.o sareopa;
10
-
3arBop
orcacbrBarouleft
rpy6sr: I1
-
uapoeofi
3arBop; l2
-
ryp6Hunutfi
rpy6onpoBoA;
l3
-
uacocuutir
rpy6onpoBoA; 14
-
rpyunoaoit Hacoco-:fyp6uusuft
rpy6onpono4
309
rro
3AaHHro
HASC
c
vqeroM
crponreJrbHbrx
pa6or
-
Ao
15-200/0.
K
ocHosHbrM HeAocrarKaM o6pa-
THMbrx arperaroB
orHocrrcfl
HecKoJIbKo naeururufi
K. n.
A.
n
6o"nee
nJrHTeJrbHoe
BpeME
nycKa
H
nepeBoAa
Hx
B
npyroft
pexuM,
Koropoe Mox{er
AocrHrarb
5-
l0
tluH.
Hacoco-ryp6nHu
B coorBercrBnn c HcnoJlb3yeMbrM HarropoM
Moryr
ornocuTbcff
K
paAuaJrbHo-
oceBoMy,
,HaI.oHaJrbHoMy
I4JIH
oceBoMy TH[y-
Pa4uanaso-oceBbre
Hacoco-Iyp6nurt
oxBarblBabr
uupoxuft
nHrepBaJr HanopoB,
npuMepHo or
30
ao
500 u,
v
Ha'uuralor
pa3pa6atHsarrct
.(JIfl
elue
6oJree BbrcoKlrx HanopoB,
npeBbrrrrarcErrx
500-600 u. B
ocBoeHI{H
paAnaflbHo-oceBbrx Hacoco-ryp6nu
,[ocr]rHymr
6oltruue
ycnexH.
IIpo-
nycr(Hafl
cnoco6socrb
LIx
cbrture 100 nglcerc crana
o6nuHofi,
na
crpoflulertcs s CUIA
HAAC
Axo-
Kaccu
oHa
cocrannr
220
uslcerc
n na
.IIalHHrroH
-
350
u\lcerc
(ra6n.
16-l).
Ha HecxoJrbKux
aMe-
pHKaHcKHx
HA3C
Ar{aMerp
Hacoco-ryp6uH
cocraBtrfler
6,5-'7,2 u. I{ounocrb arperaroB
Ha
He-
cKorrbKrrx oKcnJryarrrpyeMbrx
H
crpoffrltuxcfl B
pa3Hbrx
crpaHar( HAOC cocraBJrse"r
200-250
Mem,
s
CIUA
H
Benuxo6puranuu
paspa6arbrBarorcs arperarbr
Morr{Ho,crbro
300 Mem
H
Bbrrrre, a
rJrs,
npoeK-
rupyenrofi e
CIIA
HA3C
PaxxyH-.N{ayHrHH
-
MorrlHocrbro 45'0 Mem.
3ro
HMeer
6oasruoe
3Haqe-
HHe,
nocKeJrbKy
crposrcrr
Bce 6oaee MorrrHbre HAOC
t6O
1.
Ocuosurrru
[reAocrarKoM
paAuaJrbHo-
oceBbrx Hacoco-Typ6uH
rBJlsercrr 6o.nee
HHsxldfi r{. n.
A.,
ocoSeHuo
npH 3HarrHTeJrbHbrx xo,[e6aHHqx
Haflopa, uro
o6ycnoBJreuo )KecrKo
3aKpenJreHHbIMIt Jror]acrfiMr.r
pa6ouero
KoJreca.
Eonee
coBeprueHHbrMH
flBJrflrorcfl
nHaroHaJrbHbre
Hacoco-Typ6uun, HMeror[He
troBoporHbre
Jronacru
(pnc.
6-l),
uro no3BoJrfler nyreM
H3MeHeHHs
yrJra
nx nonopora B HacocHoM
pexHMe
H3Me-
Hrrrb
pacr{erHbrri
,usauetp
pa6overo
KoJreca
H TeM
caMbrM ttpu rrocroflHHoM
rrr.rcJre
o6oporon
pery,rrn-
poBarb
Hanop u
pacxoA,
coxpaHsff BbrcoKLIe
3HaqeHufl
K.
n.
.4.
[TepexoA
H3 HacocHoro
n ryp6uHnufi
petKHM
Aocrnraercrr
H3MeHeHHeM HanpaBJreHurr BpalqeHllfl
H
yriJla
noBopora .uonacrefi.
Ha
pnc.
16-7
naua
opHeHTHpoBoqHarr
yHLIBepcarrb:nafl
xapaKTepucruKa
MoAeJrH
AHaroHaJIrHofi
noBoporuoJroflacrHofi
uacoco-typ6rEHrr. I(oop4uuarbr nt o6/uun
u
Ql,
ttlcercnpHHflTbI
TaKHe >xe, KaK
rr
p.lfl
o6uquux
ryp6uH
(cru.
rn.
6).
Ha
xapaKTepI{crHKv
HaHecreHbr
Jrr{HHH
paBHbrx
K. n.
A.
H orKpbl-
rufi
as
HanpaBJrsroulero
aflflapara H
yrJroB g
lloBopora
Jronacrefi
pa6overo
KoJIeca. Tax
KaK KaBH-
TarruoHHbre
ycJroBHq oKa3blBarorcff 6o"nee rflxeJrbrMa
B
HacocHOM
pex{HMe, To
xoe$$uuueHTbl
KaBH-
TaTIHH o
AaHbr
roJrbKo
AJrfl
ororo
pex{HMa.
flpu nepecqere
xapaKTepr{crux
n,rrfl
HarypHbrx MautIH
noJrb3yrorcn
QoprrryJlat\{H
no4o6llt, npHBeneHHbIMH
B
rJI.6. IJpu
erou
4.rir
ryp6l4HHoro
pex{HMa
Mox{Ho
orpaHflriHTbcfl
3KcrrJryararruoHtiofi
xaparirepHcrHKofi
1_l-:^f
(H,
N),
a
nJrfl
HacocHoro
pe-
xuMa
[e.necoo6pa3Ho
HMerb raK]Ke xapaKrepucruKy
T
:
f
W, Q).
floxa
4uaroua.ubHbre
Hacoco-Typ6unu
ocBoeHbr
H oKcunlrarHpylorcfl
na HA3C n
4ualasoHe
HanopoB
25-140
tt
ri
rrpr
eAnHHqHofi
nroquocru arperara
I.o
85
Mem,
Aocrl{rHyrofi
Ha
HASC
TaxaHg-l
(ra6.n.
16-1). O6parraubre rr4npoarperarbr
c
oceBbrMH Hacoco-ryp6uHarvrH
ycraHaBJIHBalorcff
Ha HecKoJrbKHx
HH3KoHanopHbIx HAOC
ne6onuuofi
MoutHocru.
OnpeAeJreHHe
Aonycruuorl
Bbrcorbr BcacbIBaHVfl,
Hacoca.
V HacocoB KaBHTauHfl
rrpoflBrqercfl
y
BxoAa
a
pa6ouee
KoJreco.
Bo
r.rs6exaHue 3HaqHTeJIrHoft
xaBH-
TauHH
Bbrcora
BcacbrBaHuff
Hacoca
AoJrxHa
6btrr
He
6o"nuue
Ao[ycruuofi
senuql{Hbl. Bucoroft
sca-
cbrBaHHfl
cqHTapT
paccToffHr.re
no BepTHKaJTI{
oT
ypoBHfl
Bo,libr
B Bo4o3a6opHotr,t
p$epByape
Ao:
l) our
ropH3oHraJrbHoro
ueHrpo6elKHoro
Hacoca;
2)
cepe4uHbr
BxoAHbrx
KpoMoK
Jlonacrefi'pa6overo
KoJreca
(neprofi
cryneHu MHorocryneHqarbrx
Hacocoe)
Bepr,aKaJrbHbrx
ueHTpo6ex(Hblx
HacocoB,
3)
oca
uanQ
.uonacrefi
pa6overo
KoJreca BeprllKaJrbHhrx.oceBblx
Hacocon.
,flonycrlruy]o
Bbrcory
BcacbrBaHufl B o6u,rHstx
ycJroBnflx
npu
TeMrleparype
BoAbI
+20'C
uoxso
onpeAeJrHTb
rro
3aBHcHMocrIr:
Hs:
10
-
-FA/zr-h.,
(r6.3)
900
rAe
V
-
a6co.morHafl
orMerKa
pacnoJrolKeuufl
Hacoca HaA
ypoBHeM
Mopfl,
tt;
Lh1-
H36blro,IHrtft
Hanop
BcacbrBaHr.rfl, npeAcraBJrffIoqufi
co6ofi npeeuureulre
y,4e.nrHofi
sHeprrlu^x(HAKocrLI
nepeA
Bxo.(oM B
Hacoc
HaA
AaBJTeHHeM
napoo6pa3oBaHl{s
npI,I
AaHrilofi
reuneparype;
p
-
xoeQ$iluneHr
gamaca,
xoroprrrl
AJrfl
oceBbrx HacocoB npldHnMaercs
paBHbrM
1,15, a
AilA
[eHTpo6e]KHbIx
1,20
u
Ao
1,40;
hw7
noTepu
Hanopa
Ha
BcacbrBaHl{e,
Koropbre
oflpeAenslorcfl
B coorBercrBuH
c
ycno-
BLIffMH
HCITbITaHHfl IIIOAeJiH
HaCOCa.
Ecnu npH
KaBHTarrHoHHbrx
r.rcrrbrraHr.rrx
MoAeJrH
r,{aHoMerp
6rrn npucoeAHHeH
B
KoHqe
tpy6u
HerrocpeAcrBeHHo rrepeA
pa6ouuu
KoJrecoM
Hacoca,
to
h.
AoJnKHo
6urn
paBHo
norepflM
Hanopa Ha
BXoA Bo BcacbrBarouyrc
Tpy6y n
noTepsM
Ha
scefi
AJTLIHe
rpy6rr.qo
pa6ouero
KoJIeca
Hacoca.
B
noc-
JreAHee BpeMfl
npH
HclbrTaHHflx MoAeJrH
Hacoca MaHOMerp IIpHcoeAHHfleTcs
B caMoM
HarraJle BCaCbI-
sarcqeft
rpy6rr.
B raxux clyqaflx hw
HaIo ilpuHLIMaTb
paBrIE,IM
ToJIbKo noTepflM
Hanopa
Ha
BxoA
n rpy6y, T. e. [OTepsM
Hanopa
B
peuerKax,
na3ax
H
T.
n.
BenuqHHa
Ah1 3asHcHr
or
rHIIa Hacoca
u r.r3MeHrrercfl
rIpH
H3MeHeHHH
pex(HMa
eio
pa6OTbI.
ilnn
oceBbrx
HacocoB,
KaK
w
\ls,
ruApaBJrr{qecKux
ryp6rH,
qacro
noab3ylorcfl
$opuynofi
,[.
Toua:
Lh1: onpH,
rAe oKp
-
KpHTHT{ecKafl BeJrr{rIHHa xoaQQuuueHta
KaBHTaIrLtu,
coor-
BercrByroqaff
Haua.rry
I{aBHTauI{H;
H
-
Hanop,
Jvt.
(oaQQnuHeHTbr
KaBLrraqHH
onpeAeJrfirorcfl
B
pesyJrbrare
.n:a6oparopHbrx
HccJreAoBauufi uo4e.nt
Hacoca u HaHOCflTcfl
Ha
ero
yHHFepcaJIbHyIo
XapaKTep.ilcTHK'f' nOCTpoeHHyIO
B KoopAHHaTax
ntt
Qi
0"c.
16-7).
Aas
ueHrpo6eNuux
HacocoB
peKoMeuAyercfl
$opmy"rra
C.
C.
Py4nena:
I n --\ 4/3
Lh1
:tol*vq
)' :,
\u /
rAe C- KaBRTaqHoHHbrfi
xoes$uquenT 6brcrpoxoAHocru.
BeTHIIIIHa
C
oupe4e.nflercfl B
p$yJrbrare
810
%1,,
',
2OO
JUU
qUU
JUU
OUU
T
UU
II/
''C^
puc.
l6-7.
VHr,reepcaJrbHafl
xapaKTepucrnKa
o6paru,r*lofi
rn4paenH'Iecxofi
uauruuu
(Ha-
coco-ryp6nHu);
a
-l
gac6csufi pe)KHM;
f
-
typ6nusrtfi
pex<I'IM
700
rt/cex
na6oparopHblx
I'lccJ'IeAoBallllil [{oAeJll't
Hacoca
u
B 3oHe
MaI(criMaJrbHoro
K.
n.
A.
rraxoAHTcs
o6br!{Ho
B npeAeJIax
800-1000.,[ononstlo
qacro
yHHBepcaJII)IIaq
xapaKTepHcrr.rKa
Hacoca
crpor.rrcrr
B Koop-
rrr'iHarax
Ku:
(+)"
fo-
9,
,o.
Bed'rHqHHa
,i, nputraBrrrer
co6ofi
npHBeAeHHoe
K
oAHoMy
\
ar,
I
fttc
'u
rlerpv
AHanterpa
lr
oAllorly
Nlerpy
Haflopa,{Hc"'ro_o6oporoB
B
ceK)/HAy.Ha
raKyro
xapar{TepHCTHr{y
BMecro
nuuufi
paBHbrx
xoerfrtpuuuerrroB
o
prJr+
C uanocsr
JrvHHn
panunrx
xoe4$nulEeHToB
Kt^n:
Ah
:
-#-,
(ctnt.
p!lc.
16-17,
[IrpuxoBbrc
nuuuu).
3aecr
qepe3
n. o6osuaqeHo
AJrr
Hacoca
qHc.lo
n1D"
L
o6oporon
Ii ceKyllr'ly.
fJc; elul't
xosQlq]raUlleIITal\t
I\Iox{ilo
onpeAeJrrirb
Be"[r]qrriry
rasstrrorlHofo
Hanopa
BCacbtBaIIt.ltt
A
ht:
Ktt,n''.
D'2
Lt
3arervl no
Qopnry,rre
(16-lt)
norlcrlirarrr
gorrVCryNrylo
Bbrcory
Bca-
cbrBarrHq.
Be,ru.il.rna
H
r:iaBl.rcHT
oT peiKriMa
padorlr
Hacoca.
,
VIs
paccMorpeHlis
Bo3l\{o)Kubtx
coqera uuft
H, H
HH3l\LrX
orxreroK
Zgg
lpctvHn
BoAbr
B
BoAo-
saSopuona
pe3epByape;\roiltHo
onpene,'rHTb
r\rprHr.rMaJrbnyrc
a,tre6pa"u.in"y.'.yrry
H,+"i;;,
I(OTOpaq OnpeAeJIIIT
BbICOTIIOe
nOJIOlKeHI4e HaCOCa
aHaJrofr{qHo
Torly,
KaK
3TO
AeJraeTCfl
lnn
rypaiu
(clr.
puc.6-25).
OAr-iaxo
pa6o'ra
c noJloiKure.ryruoli
eucoror;'{
BcacbrBaH}.lfi
cr{HTaercfl
Hexenarenruofi.
T.
K. flepeA
KaxiAblrl
nycl(oM
Hacoc
HaAo
3aJluBarb
noAori.
floerolry
Hacoc
o6rr.rHo
pa3rueuarcT
Hr4xe
ypoBHt
BoAbl
n nolosa6op.l9q.p-e3epByape
.ua>Ke
B
Tex
cryrla-qx,
KorAa
rro
ycJroBHsM
r(aBr.rrarlgH
Bbrcora
BcacbrBaHHfl
lcrr.
(16-3)
]
nonyuaercr
noJroxnrellirofi,
16-5.
F|AC0C0-TypEHHHbtE
80.4080[bl
FIa
BLlcoKoHallopttl',tx
ilA3C
noABoA
Bonbr
or,
Bepxi{el'o
Bo,,roxpaHr.r"[r{u{a
r{ rr.iApoarperaraM
nporl3RoAllrcfl
Ha.noplrblxl
rllyfisnOoBoAor,t
(crl.
puc.
l6-l
ra
l6-6),
a
;.ilfl
nor13e1.{r{brx
HA3b
-'1,,toni-
Hei:i
(cu. prlc.
l6-?
_llo
sronarr
>Ke, a ulrorAa
no
apyroMy
BoAoBoAy
BoAa
noAaercrl
HacocaMg
H3
I{r.tx{Hefo
B Bepxuur'i
6acceiiu.
I-lpH pasAe,'ibrrolir
I'gl2iosxe,iyp6rruHlrx
r_l
HacocHbrx
afpefaroB
1vro}Ker
6rtrr
ycrpoeu
rpynroBotl
BoAotsoA
4,rrl
ryp6uurii,rx
"
ap.yibri
fp),rnoBoit
no4ono1
AIrfl
HacocHbrx
arperaroB.
Bosttoit^,Hbr
H
Ap)rrue
cxeMbr
HanopHbrx
BoAoBbgoe
(irr.
prrc.
l6_d.
---
B
ycrauoBl<ax
c rpexMatuHIIHbII\iH
arperarar,rH
Ann
[oABoAa
BoAbr
x
ryp6irHe
u
AIrfl
noAKar{KE
BoAbI
Hacocon'{
B BepxHI'lfi
pesepnysp
c;y;114r
oxttH
H
Tor
}Ke
HanopHurii
ioAonoA,
^orop"ril'HMeer
orBerBJIeHHfl
x
ryp6urre
LI
K Hacocy
Ha
erux
orBerBd'rel:rrsx
,vcraHaBJ,rr.rBalorcff
garBoprr
o6rruuo
uapoBoro
rllna
(cri.
puc.
I6-9).
I-Ianoputtfi
noloBon
ocyuecrB,rrrercfl
B BrrAe
rpyilfionux
urroJleH
It"rrH rpy6onpoBoAoB'
Korop_b_Ie
_r{gryr
6rtrr u
vHAVBvrryaJrr-,FrbrlrH
rJrfl
Ka}KAoro
arperara.
Ha
no-
crpoeHHblx
H
crpofltllHxcH
HAOC
orlloueHHe
AJIHHbT
BoAoBoAa
r{ Hanopy
xo.ne6.nercfl
B
rnHpoKt{x
lHotueHr4(3
He
npeBbr[ra"qo
b-0.
rMerpa
BoAoBoAa
D3n
npoa3BoAr4Tcfl
no
H3Becr-
pasuor?
BeJrHqHHbr
pacqerHofi
crolmocrr
norepb
)e>KI4MaX,
recK.o.fo
^irpy6onpono4a
Hacoco-ryp6r.rHuoro
arpe-
rara
Ha yrlacrKax
c
6onuurnuu
HanopaNIH
BMecro
(ll-29)^npnu^eHnercr
$opruyna:
Du,r:'ifryC*zr*
m,
(
l6-4y
rAe
QH
-_cpeAHeKy6lrqecr<ur.1
pacxoA
Bolbr,
tu}/cerc
B HacocFroM
pexir{Nrei
Tr,
_
cpeAHeroAoBoe
rrficflo
qacoB
pa6orlr
Hacoca;
sH
-
pacqernafi
croHr\,rocrb
norp€:6n;rerr,rofi
u".pi"",-'p-frj@rh.;i,
,l;-
K.
n.
.4.
B HaCOCHO]\{
pe}KHMe
B
AOJrrrX
eAHHr.rrlbr.
ocrans'rre
o6osnaqeHHr
re
x{e,'
qro
u
n
Qopvry.rre
('ll-2g).
Enn
HHAliBHAyaJIbHoro
rpy6onpoBoAa
HacocHoro
arperara
HrieeM
coorBercrBeHHo:
(
16-5)
['rra
pagrlaJlbHo-oceBbIX
ryp6lru
TpexMa'uHHHoro
arperaraJrpHil,reHflerc'
cBoff
orcacbrBaloilrafl,
a
nrr'l
Hacoca
-
cBofl
BcacblBaloqat
rpy6a
(clr.
pac._16-9).
flpu ycraHoBKe
KoBtxoBbrx
ryp6ran
orBol
BOAbI
OT
HHX
npOI'I3BOAHTCfl
JIOTKaT{H-KaHaJraMH.
llpr,r
4nyxlnaruuHssrx o6parg*urx
arperarax
rporol{HbIii
rparr:
Hacoco-ryp6uutt
flBr'ttlercfl
eAHHbrM
-
c,rcacbrBarcurafl
rpy6i
iyp6ranur
inVrnri
raKlKe
BcacbrBaloqeli
rpy60fi
uacoca
(cri.r.
pHc.
16-12,
16-i3).
16-6.
THnbt
3.qAHilR
HASC
B
SaBI4clIMocrl'I
or
MecrHbrx
npripoAHbrx
_ _yc,,roBur?,
Franopa,
THnoB
rt
pa3luepoB
)rcrauaBJII4BaeMbIX
arperaroB
3AaHus
HA3C
rvroryr
crpor.ptcfl
pa3JrHrI-
HbIX
rHIIoB.Kportae
HeMHoroqHcJIeHHbIX
npr.rMelloB
pycJroBbrx
s;1a11i4,
ioanpr-
HHMaIouII4x
cpaBHHTeJrbHo
He6orbuHe
Hanopbt,
IIpHI\reHflrcTcrr
npHnJrorgHHbre
3na*ur.
Hau6oJlee
MHoroqHc,reHHoI?
rpynnorl^"rirorrcfl
3AaHHfl
c
";A;;;;;:;';;--
IqI4N'lI{
rpaKTaMI4
B
BI4A€
HanopHbIX
Tpy6onponoAorB
HJIII
IlToJreH,
T.
e.
Ha[oMHHaro-
312