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dN/dΩ dΩ = 2π sin θ dθ
dN
dΩ
=
1
2π
dN
d cos θ
.
L
s
L
C
λ = lg tan θ η = −ln tan
θ
2
η
p =
E y
y =
1
2
ln
E + p
k
E − p
k
=
1
2
ln
E(1 + cos θ)
E(1 −cos θ
= −ln tg
θ
2
= η.
γ
s
γ
c
S C
ξ = lg
γ
s
γ
c
γ
sc
=
1
2
γ
s
γ
c
+
γ
c
γ
s
E
i
= p
i
= m
i
(c = 1) γ
s
lg γ
s
= −hlg tg θ
i
i,
θ
i
L
γ
c
=
s
E
0
2m
t
,
E
0
m
t
α
α =
n
f
− n
b
n
f
+ n
b
,
n
f
n
b
C
C
C
C
γ
sc
π
−
p c
pp
γ
sc
π
−
p
D
2
= 0, 08
2
γ
sc
ππ
pp
D
2
= 0.14
2
η y
η y
η < 0
1
σ
dσ
dη
η = 0
1
σ
dσ
dη
|
η=0
λ
λ = 0
C
C
η y
pp E
0
= 205
pp
√
s = 53 E
0
= 1400 pp
√
s = 540 E
0
= 1.4 × 10
4
η y
C
θ
η λ
y
η
σ
′
D
σ
′′
D
σ
DD
σ
DIP
M
2
a
M
2
b
a b
M
a
M
b
M
2
x
s t M
2
x
= (P
a
− P
b
)
2
X X = a b
t = (P
b
− P
b
′
)
2
s = (P
a
+ P
b
)
2
√
s
M
X
1 − x ≈
(M
2
X
− m
2
h
)
s
≈
M
2
X
s
, t = −(P
b
′
⊥
)
2
s → ∞ M
2
X
≈ m
2
h
x
x = 2p
∗
k
/
√
s m
h
a b p
k
p
⊥
M
2
X
= (1 −x)s + m
2
=
1 −
2p
∗
k
√
s
!
s + m
2
= s + m
2
−2p
∗
k
√
s.
hn
±
i
0
pp
hn
±
i
D
∼
1
2
hn
±
i.
M
2
2
hn
±
i
D
= a + b ln M
2
π
−
p pp b
π
−
p pp
σ
D
tot
= σ
′
D
+ σ
′′
D
+ σ
DD
+ σ
DIP
,
σ
′
D
σ
′′
D
σ
DD
σ
DIP
σ
DIP
σ
′
D
σ
′
D
∼ s
−0.35
.
dσ
dt
dσ
dt
dσ
dt
= A exp[−B
D
(M
2
)t],
B
D
M
2
X
A