Rosenfeld Susan. Encyclopedia of American Historical Documents
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Encyclopedia of
American HistorICAL
DOCUMENTS
Encyclopedia of
American HistorICAL
DOCUMENTS
Edited by Susan Rosenfeld
Encyclopedia of American Historical Documents
Copyright © 2004 by Susan Rosenfeld
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of American Historical Documents / edited by Susan Rosenfeld
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-4995-5 (set)—ISBN 0-8160-5993-4 (vol. 1)—
ISBN 0-8160-5994-2 (vol. 2)—ISBN 0-8160-5995-0 (vol. 3)
1. United States—History—Sources—Encyclopedias. I. Rosenfeld, Susan C.
E173.E54 2004
973'.03—dc21 2003051610
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Printed in the United States of America
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Preface xv
Introduction xvii
Era 1: THREE WORLDS MEET
(Beginnings to ca. 1620) 1
European Exploration 2
Saga of Eric the Red, ca. 1387 2
Christopher Columbus, Journal, 1492 3
Giovanni da Verrazano, “Report to Francis I,”
1524 4
The Journey of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca,
1542 5
Arthur M. Barlowe, “Exploration of Virginia,” 1584 12
Richard Hakluyt, “Discourse Concerning
Westerne Planting,” 1584 17
Thomas Hariot, Briefe and True Report of
the New Found Land of Virginia, 1588 19
Bartholomew Gosnold to His Father,
(Letters from Jamestown), 1602 32
The Legal and Religious Basis for European
Settlement in the New World 34
Ferdinand and Isabella, The Edict of the
Expulsion from Spain, 1492 34
Papal Bull Inter Caetera of 1493 35
Henry VII, King of England, “Letters Patent
to John Cabot,” 1496 37
Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, 1584 38
First Charter of Virginia, April 10, 1606 40
Virginia Company of London, Instructions for
the Virginia Colony, 1606 44
Second Charter of Virginia, 1609 46
Leyden Agreement of 1618 49
James I, Charter of New England, 1620 49
Mayflower Compact, 1620 58
Early Settlements and Government in the
English Colonies 58
Ralph Lane, Account of the First Roanoke
Colony, 1585–1586 58
The “Lost Colony” of Roanoke, 1587 64
Constitution of the Iroquois, Late 16th Century 67
John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia,
New England, and the Summer Isles,
1607–1614 80
John Rolfe to the Governor of Virginia
(Letters from Jamestown), 1613 84
Edward Winslow’s Letter, 1621 86
Thomas Dale, “Lawes Divine, Morall and
Martiall,” 1612 88
John Pory, Secretary of the Jamestown
Council, to Sir Dudley Carleton,
English Envoy to The Hague (Letters
from Jamestown), 1619 100
Ordinance of Virginia, 1621 101
Suggested Reading 102
Era 2: COLONIZATION AND
SETTLEMENT (ca. 1620–1762) 103
The Establishment of Colonies and
Settlements 104
Peter Schagen, Letter to the States General on
the Purchase of Manhattan, 1626 104
Charter of the Colony of New Plymouth, 1629 104
Contents
★
Massachusetts Bay Colony Charter, 1629 107
Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions to
Patroons, 1629 115
Cambridge Agreement of 1629 118
Charter of Maryland, 1632 119
Charter of Connecticut, 1662 124
Charter of Carolina, 1663 129
Charter of Rhode Island and the
Providence Plantations, 1663 135
Pennsylvania Charter, 1681 142
Charter for the Colony of Georgia, 1732 147
Settlers and Native Americans in the Colonies 154
Richard Frethorne, Letter from an
Indentured Servant in Virginia, 1623 154
Virginia Statutes Regulating Slavery,
ca. 1660–1669 156
Connecticut Blue Laws, 1673–1677, 1702 157
Resolutions of Germantown Mennonites
Against Slavery, 1688 159
“The Narrative of the Captivity and
Restoration of Mary Rowlandson,” 1692 160
The Examination of Bridget Byshop, Salem
Witchcraft Trials, 1692 163
Ebenezer Cook, “The Sotweed Factor or a
Voyage to Maryland,” 1707 164
Smallpox in New England, 1721–1722 166
James Barbot, Jr., “Premeditated a Revolt,”
before 1732 167
Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of
an Angry God,” 1741 168
The Development of Political, Religious,
and Social Institutions in the Colonies 172
Virginia Blue Laws, 1623–1624 172
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639 174
Plantation Agreement at Providence, 1640 176
Surrender of the Patent of Plymouth Colony,
1640 178
Massachusetts Body of Liberties, 1641 179
New England Articles of Confederation, 1643 186
John Winthrop, “On Liberty,” 1645 189
Roger Williams, “Plea for Religious Liberty,”
1645 190
Margaret Brent, Requests for a Seat in the
Maryland Assembly; Helps Quell a
Rebellion, 1646, 1647 193
Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 194
Flushing Remonstrance, 1657 196
Fundamental Laws of West New Jersey,
1675 197
Nathaniel Bacon, “Declaration of the People,”
1676 200
Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 202
William Penn, Frame of Government, 1682 206
Charter of Liberties of 1683 211
Jacob Leisler, Form of Association Proposed
to the Inhabitants, 1689 213
Charter of Massachusetts Bay, 1691 214
Albany Plan of Union, 1754 220
James Otis, Speech Opposing Writs of
Assistance, 1761 222
Suggested Reading 224
Era 3: REVOLUTION AND NEW
NATION (1763–1820s) 226
Events Leading Up to the American
Revolution 227
The Proclamation of 1763 227
Stamp Act, 1765 229
Declarations of Rights and Grievances
(Resolutions of the Stamp Act
Congress), 1765 243
Townshend Acts, 1767 244
Boston Non-Importation Agreement, 1768 248
Massachusetts Circular Letter, 1768 249
The Regulators of North Carolina,
Petition, 1769 250
Tea Act, 1773 252
Coercive or Intolerable Acts, 1774 255
Quebec Act, 1774 265
Suffolk Resolves, 1774 268
Plan of Union, 1774 272
Declaration of Resolves of the First
Continental Congress, 1774 273
Patrick Henry, “Give Me Liberty” Speech,
1775 277
The American Revolution 278
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity
of Taking Up Arms, 1775 278
Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion
and Sedition, 1775 281
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 282
Abigail and John Adams, “Remember the
Ladies,” 1776 286
Declaration of Independence, 1776 287
First Treaty of Paris, 1778 289
Second Continental Congress, Address of
the Continental Congress to the
American People, 1778 291
Letters from an American Farmer,
Letter II, 1782 294
Treaty of Paris of 1783 (Treaty of
Versailles of 1783) 295
Formation of the New Government 298
Articles of Confederation, 1776 298
Massachusetts Bill of Rights, 1780 302
Land Ordinance of 1785 304
Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty, 1786 307
Annapolis Convention Address, 1786 308
Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan, 1787 310
Three-fifths Compromise, 1787 320
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 324
Constitution of the United States, 1787 327
Federalist Papers Numbers 10 and 78,
1787–1788 334
Benjamin Franklin, “On the Constitution,”
1787 340
Patrick Henry, “Against the Constitution,” 1788 341
George Washington, First Inaugural
Address, 1789 350
Judiciary Act of 1789 352
Alexander Hamilton, First Report on
the Public Credit, 1790 360
Alexander Hamilton, On the Constitutionality
of an Act to Establish a Bank, 1791 377
Alexander Hamilton, Report on the Subject
of Manufactures, 1791 381
Jonathan Edwards, “Injustices and Impolicy
of the Slave Trade and of the Slavery
of Africans,” 1791 388
Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 396
Chisholm v. Georgia, 1793 397
Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793 421
Whiskey Rebellion Proclamations, 1794 422
Jay Treaty of 1794 424
Greenville Treaty of 1795 433
Pinckney Treaty of 1795 (Treaty of
San Lorenzo) 436
Mazzei Letter, 1796 441
George Washington, “Farewell Address,”
1796 442
Petition of Emancipated Slaves to North
Carolina Congress, 1797 449
Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 451
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 1798,
1799 453
Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural
Address, 1801 458
Marbury v. Madison, 1803 460
Fletcher v. Peck, 1810 469
Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, 1816 477
Cohens v. Virginia, 1821 493
Suggested Reading 510
Era 4: EXPANSION AND REFORM
(1800–1860) 513
Territorial Expansion, Political and
Economic Developments, and
International Relations 514
Land Act of 1800 (Harrison Land Act) 514
Louisiana Purchase Treaty, 1803 518
The Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
Expedition, 1804–1806 520
Trade Prohibitions by Great Britain and
France (French Continental System
and British Orders in Council),
1806–1807 521
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 523
War Message of 1812 527
Treaty of Fort Jackson, 1814 530
Treaty of Ghent, 1814 532
Hartford Convention Resolutions of 1815 536
Tariff Act, 1816 544
James Monroe’s First Inaugural Address, 1817 548
Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817 551
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 552
Missouri Compromise (Missouri Enabling
Act), 1820 563
James Kent, “Universal Suffrage,” 1821 563
Resolves of the Nashville Convention of 1823 566
Monroe Doctrine, 1823 568
Henry Clay, “On Internal Improvement,”
1824 575
Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 585
John Quincy Adams, First Annual Message
to Congress, 1825 595
Constitution of the Southern Cherokee
Nation, 1827 604
John C. Calhoun, South Carolina Exposition
Speech, 1828 608
Andrew Jackson, First Inaugural Address,
1829 610
Daniel Webster’s Second Reply to
Robert Y. Hayne, 1830 611
Indian Removal Act of 1830 613
Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 614
Andrew Jackson, Nullification Proclamation,
1832 618
Andrew Jackson, Message on Removal of
Southern Indians, 1835 627
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America,
1835 643
Specie Circular of 1836 645
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge,
1837 646
Pre-Emption Act of 1841 654
Treaty of Wanghia, 1844 658
Annexation of Texas, 1845 663
Message on War with Mexico, 1846 664
Independent Treasury Act of 1846 667
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 672
Irish Immigration to America, 1850 680
Treaties of Fort Laramie of 1851 680
Gadsden Purchase Treaty of 1853 683
Harris Treaty of 1858 685
The Slavery Debate and the Rights
of Women 691
Liberator Editorial, 1831 691
Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery
Society, The Declaration of Sentiments
of the American Anti-Slavery
Convention, 1833 692
South Carolina Resolutions on Abolitionist
Propaganda, 1835 693
Proceedings of the Anti-Slavery Convention
of American Women, 1838 694
United States v. Libellants and Claimants
of the Schooner Amistad, 1841 697
Seneca Falls “Declaration of Rights and
Sentiments,” 1848 701
New York Married Women’s Property Acts,
1848, 1860 703
Sojourner Truth, “A’n’t I a Woman?”, 1851 704
Trial of Mrs. Douglass for Teaching Black
Children to Read, 1853 705
Religion and Education 707
Chief Sagoyewatha, “On the White Man’s
and Red Man’s Religion,” 1805 707
Massachusetts High School Law, 1827 708
Charles Grandison Finney, “A Revival of
Religion,” 1834 713
Dorothea Dix, Memorial to the Legislature
of Massachusetts, 1843 715
Intellectual and Cultural Life in the Early
Nineteenth-Century United States 729
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “American Scholar,”
1837 729
Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience,”
1849 736
Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Blithedale
Romance, 1852 745
Suggested Reading 748
Era 5: CIVIL WAR AND
RECONSTRUCTION (1850–1877) 750
The Causes of the Civil War 752
The Compromise of 1850 752
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 788
Frederick Douglass’s Speech on American
Slavery, 1850 790
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin,
1852 794
Moses Arrives with Six Passengers, 1854 798
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 800
Dred Scott Decision (Scott v. Sandford
[sic]), 1857 809
Lincoln-Douglas Debate Number 2,
1858 835
Ableman v. Booth; United States v. Booth,
1859 840
John Brown, Statement to the Court, 1859 847
Republican Party Platform, 1860 848
South Carolina Ordinance of Secession, 1860 850
Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address,
1861 851
The Civil War Years 855
Civil War Anthems, 1859, 1862 855
Constitution of the Confederate States of
America, 1861 856
T. J. “Stonewall” Jackson, First Battle of
Manassas (Bull Run), 1861 863
Jefferson Davis, Message to the Congress
of the Confederate States, 1861 864
U.S. Congress, District of Columbia
Emancipation Act, 1862 868
Homestead Act of 1862 870
Morrill Act of 1862 872
Abraham Lincoln, Reply to Horace Greeley,
1862 873
Benjamin Franklin Butler, Order No. 28,
1862 874
Abraham Lincoln, Emancipation
Proclamation, 1863 874
Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 875
Samuel Cormany, Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 877
Rachel Cormany, Civil War Diary, 1863 878
Abraham Lincoln, “Gettysburg Address,” 1863 880
National Bank Act, 1863 880
Charles Sumner, Speech on the Presentation
of the First Installment of the
Emancipation Petition of the Woman’s
National Loyal League, 1864 892
Nancy Emerson, Civil War Diary of a
Southern Woman, 1864 894
Wade-Davis Bill, 1864 896
U.S. Army, Treatment of Black POWs, 1864 898
Confederate Congress, Act to Increase the
Military Force of the Confederate States,
1865 899
Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address,
1865 900
Surrender Terms at Appomattox Court House,
1865 901
Jefferson Davis, Last Message to the People
of the Confederacy, 1865 902
Abraham Lincoln, Victory Speech from the
White House, 1865 903
Reconstruction 905
Reconstruction Amendments, 1865, 1868,
1870 905
Freedmen’s Bureau Act of 1865 907
Three Views on Reconstruction, 1865, 1866 908
Black Codes, 1865–1890 915
Civil Rights Act of 1866 923
Tenure of Office Act of 1867 925
Reconstruction Acts, 1867–1868 927
Mississippi v. Johnson, 1867 931
Covode Resolution (Articles of Impeachment
of Andrew Johnson), 1868 933
Texas v. White, 1869 936
Force Acts of 1870–1871 945
The Slaughterhouse Cases, 1873 957
Rutherford B. Hayes, Inaugural Address,
1877 967
Women’s Rights 970
Frances Willard, “Women’s Lesser Duties,”
1863 970
John Todd, Woman’s Rights, 1867 975
Proceedings of the First Anniversary of the
American Equal Rights Association, 1867 977
Constitutions of Two Major Feminist
Organizations, 1869 982
Suggested Reading 983
Era 6: THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE INDUSTRIAL UNITED STATES
(ca. 1870–1900) 985
The Rise of Corporations, Heavy Industry,
and Mechanized Farming 986
Russell Conwell, “Acres of Diamonds,”
1876–1925 986
Munn v. Illinois, 1877 989
Interstate Commerce Act, 1887 991
Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” 1889 994
Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act, 1894 999
United States v. E. C. Knight Company
(156 U.S. 1), 1895 1003
Growth of the West and Federal
Indian Policy 1006
Treaties of Medicine Lodge, 1867 1006
Treaty of Fort Laramie, 1868 1010
Yellowstone National Park Act, 1872 1014
Medal of Honor Recipients, Seminole-Negro
Indian Scouts, 1875 1015